Lead-zinc ore, is rich in the metal element lead and zinc minerals, lead-zinc uses a wide range of electrical industry, mechanical industry, military industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry and other fields. In addition, lead metal in the nuclear industry, petroleum industry and other sectors also have more uses. China's lead and zinc mines are mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Guangdong, Hunan and Guangxi.
Basic introduction Chinese name ：Lead and zinc ore Foreign name ：lead zinc ore Application ：Chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry, etc. Distribution ：Mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu Meaning ：Metallic element lead and zinc-rich minerals Product introduction, lead and zinc industry development plan, use, mineral distribution, the main characteristics of mineral resources, production layout, mineral types, industrial requirements, a brief history of the mining industry Development Strategic Planning, Market Prospects, Technology Development, Product Introduction Lead is one of the earlier metals extracted by mankind from lead and zinc ores. It is one of the softest heavy metals, but also one of the major metals, with blue-gray, hardness 1.5, specific gravity 11.34, melting point 327.4 ℃, boiling point 1750 ℃, good spreading, easy to make alloys with other metals (such as zinc, tin, antimony, arsenic, etc.). Zinc from lead-zinc ore extracted from the metal later, is the ancient 7 kinds of non-ferrous metals (copper, tin, lead, gold, silver, mercury, zinc) in the last one. Zinc metal with blue-white, hardness 2.0, melting point 419.5 ° C, boiling point 911 ° C, heated to 100 ~ 150 ° C, has a good pressure, calendered specific gravity 7.19. Zinc can be made with a variety of non-ferrous metals into alloys or zinc-containing alloys, which the most important is the zinc and copper, tin, lead and other compositions of brass and so on, but also can be composed of die-casting alloys with aluminum, magnesium, copper and so on. Hengyang Shukoushan Lead and Zinc Ore Lead and zinc industry development planning Currently China's lead and zinc industry is mainly facing three prominent contradictions: First, the contradiction between sustainable development of the industry and ecological environmental protection. 2013 China's lead and zinc production totaled 9.78 million tons, accounting for 41% of the world's total lead and zinc output, lead and zinc have been respectively Lead and zinc have been ranked as the world's top producer for 12 consecutive years and 22 years. However, the rapid development of the lead and zinc industry over the years has also caused certain impact and damage to the ecological environment, and the prevention of heavy metal pollution has become an insurmountable red line for the lead and zinc industry. The 18th CPC National Congress and the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have made a series of important deployments for the construction of ecological civilization, and the newly revised Environmental Protection Law reflects the country's strong determination to combat environmental pollution. The way of relying on scale, volume and sloppy development can no longer continue. Lead and zinc industry to firmly establish the "environmental priority, clean production" development concept, consciously adhere to the bottom line, and vigorously promote industrial development to the cycle, low-carbon, green direction change. Secondly, the contradiction between rising production costs and falling product prices. In the situation of slowing domestic consumption growth, the entire lead-zinc smelting industry has been in the "cost rigidity climbing - equipment low operating rate - relative excess supply - low price shock - benefits are marginalized The whole lead and zinc smelting industry is now in the adverse cycle of "cost rigidity climbing - low equipment operation rate - relative surplus supply - low price oscillation - benefit being marginalized", which makes the enterprise operation difficult and risky. According to the current price, China's lead and zinc smelting industry is still facing a loss dilemma, especially in the past two years, a large influx of foreign zinc into the country, causing a greater impact on the domestic zinc industry. I hope you can play a better role in the lead and zinc branch, further strengthen industry self-discipline, consciously control new production capacity, especially new production capacity, to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of the industry. We would like to remind you that since 2011, the proportion of China's trade in global trade began to be lower than the proportion of GDP in the world, the international market share of traditional labor- and resource-intensive products in 2011 and 2012 consecutively declined, to go through the situation of lead storage batteries or components, such as a large number of exports of lead may undergo a profound change, which we need to have a good understanding of the situation, and to consider the long term. Third, the contradiction between the continued growth of production and the slowdown of consumption growth. Liben research and analysis of the United States more than 100 years the law of lead consumption found that the United States lead consumption of social accumulation reached 40 million tons level, lead consumption has entered a platform period, slow growth, or even downward. The United States from the early 1940s into this period, the highest apparent consumption of lead in 1999 reached 1.76 million tons, and then fell all the way back to about 1.5 million tons in 2013. According to Yubo Zhiye understanding, China's 1978 ~ 2013, 35 years of cumulative consumption of lead has reached 41.65 million tons, will soon enter a similar U.S. consumption platform period, how to deal with the consumption of the platform period after the release of huge production capacity and demand slowdown or even decline in contradiction, it is worthwhile for the industry to in-depth study and think about countermeasures in advance. Finally, we should carry out investigation and research on the directional problems of the industry, track and grasp the development trend of the industry, and put forward new ideas for the development of the industry; secondly, we should strengthen the policy service, actively reflect the demands of the industry, and do more practical things for the enterprises; thirdly, we should increase the promotion of high and new technology, expand the field of lead and zinc sets, and smoothly pass through the consumption "platform period"; fourthly, we should actively advocate the release of huge production capacity and the contradiction of demand slowdown or even decline after the consumption platform period. "Fourth, we should actively advocate industry self-discipline, and strive to improve clean production, safe production, green production level, and establish a good social image of the industry. Uses Lead and zinc are widely used, widely used in electrical industry, mechanical industry, military industry, metallurgical industry, chemical industry, light industry and pharmaceutical industry and other fields. In addition, lead metal has more uses in nuclear industry, petroleum industry and other sectors. More than 80% of the world's lead is used in the production of lead-acid batteries. Zinc is an important non-ferrous metal raw material, zinc in the consumption of non-ferrous metals, second only to copper and aluminum, zinc metal has good calendering, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and can be made with a variety of metals to make the physical and chemical properties of the alloy more excellent. The main products produced by primary zinc companies are: metallic zinc, zinc-based alloys and zinc oxide, which are used in a wide range of applications, mainly in the following areas: 1. Galvanizing. Used as an anti-corrosion coating (e.g. galvanized sheet), it is widely used in the automotive, construction, shipping, light industry and other industries, accounting for about 46% of zinc usage. Zinc has excellent resistance to atmospheric corrosion, so zinc is mainly used for surface plating of steel and steel structural components. The surface oxidation of hot-dip galvanized alloy for electroplating will form a layer of uniform and fine alkaline zinc carbonate ZnCO3o3Zn (OH) 2 oxide film protective layer, the oxide film protective layer and the role of preventing the growth of mold. Because of the zinc alloy sheet has good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, western countries have begun to try to use it directly as a roof covering materials, with it as a roofing sheet life can be as long as 120-140 years, and can be recycled, and galvanized iron sheet as a roofing material for the service life of the general 5-10 years. 2. Manufacture of copper alloy materials (such as brass). Used in automobile manufacturing and machinery industry, accounting for about 15% of zinc usage. Zinc has suitable mechanical properties. Zinc itself is not high strength and hardness, adding aluminum, copper and other alloying elements, its strength and hardness are greatly improved, especially the emergence of zinc-copper-titanium alloy, its comprehensive mechanical properties have been close to or reached the level of aluminum alloy, brass, gray cast iron, and its creep resistance has also been greatly improved, therefore, zinc-copper-titanium alloy has been widely used in the production of small metal sets. 3. For casting zinc alloy. Mainly for die casting, used in automotive, light industry and other industries, accounting for about 15% of the zinc dosage. Many zinc alloy processing performance is relatively good, road processing rate of up to 60% -80%. Medium pressure performance is superior, can be deep drawn, and has a self-lubricating, extended mold life, can be brazed or resistance welding or arc welding (need to be in helium) for welding, the surface can be plated, paint treatment, cutting and processing performance is good, and under certain conditions has a superior superplastic properties. In addition, zinc has good resistance to electromagnetic fields. The electrical conductivity of zinc is 29% of that of standard electrical copper, and zinc sheet is a very effective prohibitive material in occasions of radio frequency interference. At the same time, because zinc is non-magnetic, it is suitable for the material of instrument parts and instrument cases and coins. In addition, zinc itself and with other metal collision will not occur sparks, suitable for making underground explosion-proof equipment. 4. Used in the manufacture of zinc oxide. Widely used in rubber, paint, enamel, medicine, printing, fiber and other industries, accounting for about 11% of zinc consumption. 5. Used in the manufacture of dry batteries, in the form of zinc cake, zinc plate, accounting for about 13% of the zinc dosage. Zinc has suitable chemical properties. Zinc can interact with NH4CI to release H+ positive ions. Zinc - manganese dioxide battery is the use of zinc of this feature, with zinc alloy when the battery shell, both the battery electrolyte container, but also participate in the battery reaction constitutes the anode of the battery. In addition, it is also widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for this property. World lead consumption is mainly concentrated in the field of lead-acid batteries, chemicals, lead plates and tubes, solder and lead bullets, of which lead-acid batteries are the most important field of lead consumption, and the proportion of lead consumption in lead-acid batteries in the U.S.A., Japan and China reached 86%, 86% and 81.4% respectively in 2009. Based on the requirements of environmental protection, the consumption of lead in other fields is relatively low. Distribution of minerals China's lead and zinc minerals are widely distributed, but the identified resource reserves are mainly concentrated in a few provinces and regions. Twenty-seven provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have discovered and investigated lead and zinc resources, but from the point of view of the degree of enrichment and existing reserves, mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Guangdong, Hunan, Guangxi and other six provinces and regions, with a total lead and zinc reserves of more than 8 million tons of the provinces and regions in the order of 26,629,100 tons in Yunnan, 16,098,700 tons in Inner Mongolia, 11,224,900 tons in Gansu, 10,773,200 tons in Guangdong, 8,885,900 tons in Hunan, and 8,885,900 tons in Hunan, with a total reserve of more than 8 million tons. million tons, Hunan 8.8859 million tons, Guangxi 8.7880 million tons, a total of 82.3998 million tons, accounting for 64% of the total national lead reserves of 129.569 million tons. From the distribution of the three major economic regions, mainly concentrated in the central and western regions, where lead resource reserves accounted for 73.8%, zinc resource reserves accounted for 74.8%. China's lead and zinc ore distribution Main characteristics of mineral resources (1) wide distribution of mineral resources, high concentration. China's lead and zinc mineral resources are widely distributed, lead and zinc reserves of more than 8 million tons of provinces and regions, in order of Yunnan 2662.91 million tons, Inner Mongolia 16.09. 87 million tons, Gansu 12.249 million tons, Guangdong 1077.32 million tons, Hunan 888.59 million tons, Guangxi 878.8 million tons, a total of 82.3998 million tons, accounting for 64% of the country's total reserves of lead and zinc. (2) Large and medium-sized deposits occupy large reserves and have complex ore types. The lead and zinc reserves of large and medium-sized deposits account for 72% and 88.4% respectively. Ore types are complex, single lead or zinc ore types are few, ore types are more complex, the main ore types are lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-tin ore, lead-antimony ore, lead-zinc-tin-antimony ore, zinc-copper ore and so on. (3)*** Accompanying components, comprehensive utilization value. Most of China's ore deposits generally *** accompanied by more than 50 kinds of elements, mainly gold, silver, copper, tin, cadmium, sulfur, fluorite and rare scattered elements. In the silver-lead-zinc deposits and lead-zinc-silver deposits, its silver reserves accounted for more than 60% of the country's silver reserves, in addition to gold reserves and production is also quite high. (4) There are many poor ores, few rich ores and few easy-to-select ores. According to the Ministry of Land and Resources in 2001 made a survey, China's lead mines in the actual minimum industrial grade, the lowest for 0. 5%, the highest for 4%, an average of 1. 39%, and to 0. 7% ~ 1% between the most mines, accounting for 47. 27% zinc mines in the actual minimum industrial grade, the lowest mines for 0. 7%, the highest mines for 18%, an average of 2. 95%, and the actual minimum industrial grade between 1% and 1%, the highest mines for 2. 95%, and the actual minimum industrial grade between 1% and 1%, the highest mines for 2. 95%. The actual lowest industrial grade of zinc mines, the lowest mine is 0. 7%, the highest mine is 18%, the average is 2. 95%, and the actual lowest industrial grade in the range of 1% ~ 3% of the mine is the most, accounting for 73. 17%. The sum of lead and zinc grades of the mines is mostly between 5% and 10%, and ores with grades greater than 10% only account for 15% of the total reserves, while the grades of foreign mines are generally higher, with lead plus zinc mostly above 10%. Production layout China's lead and zinc industry production layout, according to the lead and zinc ore origin distribution and construction conditions, after many years of development, construction, has now formed the northeast, Hunan, two wide, Dianchuan, Northwest and other five lead and zinc mining metallurgy and processing supporting the production base, which lead production accounted for more than 85% of the country's total output, zinc production accounted for more than 85% of the country's total output, zinc output zinc production lead production zinc production accounted for 95% of the country's total output. 1. Northeast lead and zinc production base. The Northeast region is one of the earlier developed lead and zinc production bases in China. In the early 50s, its lead production accounted for more than 80% of the national lead production, lead and zinc production in China in an important position. Northeast base to seven mines and two factories, namely, Qingchengzi lead-zinc mine, Bazhijia lead-zinc mine, Chaihe lead-zinc mine (now closed), Huanren copper-zinc mine, Hongtoushan copper-zinc mine, Xilin lead-zinc mine, Tianbaoshan lead-zinc mine, Shenyang Smelting Plant, Huludao Zinc Plant. Seven mines and two factories is not only the pillar of the Northeast lead-zinc production base of factories and mines, but also the training of scientific and technological talent base. In the 1960s and 1970s, they sent a large number of technological and managerial talents with practical experience as well as skilled production workers to newly built lead-zinc enterprises across the country, making positive contributions to the development of China's lead-zinc industry. 2. Lead and zinc production base in Hunan. Hunan is rich in lead and zinc mineral resources, and there are many rich mines, most of which can be developed and utilized. The base of lead and zinc plants and mines was built in the 1950s and 1960s, by the Shukoushan Mining Bureau, Taolin lead-zinc mine, Huangshaping lead-zinc mine, Dongpo lead-zinc mine and Zhuzhou smelter, etc. composed of lead and zinc production base in Hunan, was the country's largest self-produced raw materials at that time the country's largest lead-zinc production base, the output in the country occupies an important position. 3. Lead and zinc production bases in Guangdong and Guangxi. Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and regions are rich in lead and zinc resources, and the two provinces and regions are one of the large lead and zinc production bases in China formed in the 1970s. Guangdong is dominated by Fankou lead-zinc mine and Shaoguan smelter, followed by Bancun lead-zinc mine, Changhua lead-zinc mine and Dajianshan lead-zinc mine. In Guangxi, there are Sidian lead-zinc mine, Daxin lead-zinc mine, HeSan lead-zinc mine, LiuZhou zinc factory and Dafang Mining Bureau and so on. 4. Yunnan and Sichuan lead-zinc production base. Yunnan is very rich in lead and zinc mineral resources, now lead and zinc reserves are among the first in the country. The base of lead-zinc enterprises were also built in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly Huize lead-zinc mine, Lancang old plant lead-zinc mine and Kunming Smelter, Wichu Jijie Smelter. Yunnan lead-zinc mineral resources have broad prospects for development, the 90's began to build a super-large lead-zinc deposits Jindeng mine. Sichuan has two major mines, Huidong lead-zinc mine, Huili lead-zinc mine, as well as a number of small and medium-sized mines, lead-zinc concentrate production surged. 5. Northwest lead-zinc production base. Northwest lead and zinc mineral resources are also very rich, mainly in Gansu, Shaanxi and Qingdao provinces, and the West Ore Belt by the survey reserves have increased substantially, the resource outlook is very promising. The base of lead and zinc production to silver non-ferrous metal company, there are silver factory small iron mountain lead-zinc mine, the third smelter and the northwest lead-zinc smelter, shaanxi, there is a lead refuge mountain lead-zinc mine, erli river lead-zinc mine, silver hole Liang lead-zinc mine, etc. and the Qinghai Xitieshan Mining Bureau. Northwest lead and zinc production is relatively small, but the development prospects are promising. First, there are rich lead and zinc mineral resources, is located in the Gan-Shaanxi junction of the Xicheng - Fengtai mining belt, after nearly 20 years of exploration of more than 10 large and medium-sized lead-zinc-silver-gold deposits, of which the factory dam - Lijiagou lead-zinc to reach the super-large-scale, silver to reach the large-scale. Secondly, the factory dam is grasping the construction of a large mine, will become the main mineral raw material supply base of the Northwest Smelter, is one of the country's large lead-zinc mine. In addition to the above five lead-zinc production base, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Guizhou and other provinces and regions have also built a number of small and medium-sized mines. Wutonghua lead-zinc mine in Inner Mongolia, Baiyinuoer lead-zinc mine, Wengniuote Banner, such as lead-zinc mine. Inner Mongolia is one of the main provinces producing lead-zinc concentrates, with huge development prospects. In Jiangxi, there are lead-zinc mines such as Yinshan and Lengshuikeng, and in Guizhou, there are Hezhang lead-zinc mines and Cedar Forest lead-zinc mines. Mineral Types Lead and zinc are extremely close in nature especially in primary deposits, often *** born. They have the *** same source of mineralizing materials and very similar geochemical behavior, have similar outer electronic structure, are strongly sulfophilic, and form the same soluble complexes. Their adsorption by ferromanganese, clay or organic matter is also similar. Lead averages about 15 × 10-6 in the earth's crust and 7 × 10-6 in sandstones, 9 × 10-6 in carbonates, and 20 × 10-6 in shales. zinc averages about 80 × 10-6 in the earth's crust and 105 × 10-6 in basalts, 60 × 10-6 in granites, 16 × 10-6 in sandstones, 20 × 10-6 in carbonates, and 95 × 10-6 in shales. × 10-6, shale 95 × 10-6. In nature, there are about 250 kinds of lead-zinc minerals that have been discovered, of which about 1/3 are sulfides and sulfates, with galena and sphalerite being the most important. At present, the minerals available for industrial use are: lead industrial minerals - galena (containing lead 86.6%), antimony sulfide lead ore (containing lead 55.2%), brittle antimony sulfide lead ore (containing lead 40.1%), galena (containing lead 77.6%), lead alum (containing lead 68.3%), chromite (containing lead 64.1%), phosphorus chlorophorbide (containing lead 76.38%), arsenopyrite (containing lead 69.3%), arsenic lead ore (containing lead 69.3%), lead and zinc ore (containing lead), lead and zinc ore (containing lead). 69.3% lead), vanadium lead ore (73.1% lead), molybdenum lead ore (56.4% lead), wheel ore; zinc industrial minerals - sphalerite (67.1% zinc), fibrous zinc ore (67.1% zinc), rhodochrosite (67.1% zinc), euhedralite (54.3% zinc), silica zinc ore (58.6% zinc), hydrous zinc ore (59.6% zinc). 59.6%). Ore industry types, according to the degree of oxidation can be divided into sulfide ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), mixed ores (lead or zinc oxidation rate of 10% - 30%); according to the main useful components can be divided into: lead ore, zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-zinc-sulfur ore, lead-zinc-copper-sulfur ore, lead tin ore, lead-antimony ore, zinc Copper ore, etc.; according to the structural structure can be divided into: dipping ore, dense massive ore, brecciated ore, strip ore, fine vein dipping ore, etc.; according to the genesis of the types are: massive sulfide type, Mississippi Valley type, contact with the account of the type of hydrothermal veins; according to the ore-holding rocks are: granite type, sillimanite type, porphyry type, marine volcanic rock, volcanic rock, carbonate rock, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, mudstone, sandstone, sandstone, sandstone, mudstone. -Fine clastic type, conglomerate type. There are more than 250 kinds of lead and zinc minerals found in the earth's crust, about 1/3 of which are sulfides and sulfates. Galena and sphalerite are the main industrial mineral raw materials for smelting lead and zinc. Lead-Zinc Ore Specimens Industrial Requirements Although more than 250 lead-zinc minerals have been discovered today, only 17 are available for industrial use. Of these, there are 11 lead industrial minerals and 6 zinc industrial minerals, with galena and sphalerite being the most important. There are also rhodochrosite and white lead ore. Ore industrial type, based on the natural type of ore, according to the degree of oxidation of ore can be divided into sulfide ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), mixed ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate of 10% to 30%); according to the main useful components in the ore can be divided into: lead ore, zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc copper ore, lead-zinc sulfur ore, lead-zinc copper Zinc ore, lead-zinc ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-zinc-sulfur ore, lead-zinc-copper ore, lead-tin ore, lead-antimony ore, zinc-copper ore, etc. According to the structure of the ore, it can be classified into: dipping ore, dense massive ore, breccia ore, strip ore, vein-dipping ore and so on. In order to meet the needs of China's lead-zinc ore geological exploration and mine production and construction, the former Ministry of Geology and Minerals and the Ministry of Metallurgy Industry, based on the status of China's lead-zinc mineral resources and the technical conditions of mining, metallurgy and processing, jointly formulated and promulgated the "Specification for Geological Exploration of Lead and Zinc Ore" (for trial use) in 1983, which formulated the general industrial indicators of lead-zinc ore, and was used for evaluating whether or not a deposit has any industrial value during the census and exploration. Brief History of Mining The ancestors of the Chinese nation have made important contributions to the mining, smelting and utilization of lead and zinc ores. In ancient China, "lead" was written as "钅公". Lead was used in bronze casting in the middle of the Shang Dynasty (16th to 11th centuries B.C.), and in the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century B.C. to 771 years B.C.), the content of lead in lead go was 99.75%. In ancient times, lead was often added to copper to become alloyed metal, but also used to make lead white, lead Dan. There are two types of raw materials for lead refining in ancient times, one is lead oxide, dominated by white lead ore, and the other is sulfide ore, dominated by galena. The Ming dynasty Lu Rong in "beans garden miscellany" in the description of the smelting method of silver sulfide lead ore. Song Yingxing in the "Tian Gong Kaifu" mentioned three kinds of lead and zinc minerals at that time, one is "silver mine lead", refers to the galena with silver gabbro, etc. *** born; another is "Copper Mountain lead", refers to the polymetallic ores containing galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, etc.; but also Another is "Grass Knot Lead", which may refer to galena that is coarsely crystallized. Since lead ore contains silver, it was mined and smelted in large quantities in order to extract silver in ancient times. China was the first country to invent zinc. In ancient times, zinc was called "Japanese lead". According to historical records, zinc could be smelted in the 10th century and later in the Fifth Dynasty. In the record of Hezhang, Guizhou Province, there is a record that zinc refining was started in the area of Magu in the Tianfu year of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty (947 AD) after the Five Dynasties. Ming dynasty song yingxing in the "tianong kaiwu" also has a narrative, with furnace glycerite as raw materials, smelting with crucible, the book is accompanied by a map. Ming and Qing dynasty zinc is mainly used to formulate brass, for casting money and manufacturing a variety of utensils. About the beginning of the 17th century began to export zinc ingots to Europe. 1745 from guangzhou shipment of zinc ingots of a ship in Sweden Gothenburg reef sinking, in 1872 was salvaged part of the zinc ingots, analyzed by the zinc content of 98.99%, it can be seen that at that time, China's smelting level of zinc is quite high. Ancient China not only has an important innovation on the smelting and utilization of lead and zinc, but also recognized the output zoning of lead and zinc ores very early. It is recorded in "Guanzi - Earth Counts" that "if there is a stone on the top, there is lead, tin and red copper underneath" and "if there is lead on the top, there is silver underneath". Contemporary exploration of many lead-zinc deposits, there are a lot of mines are through the ancient mine and smelting slag sites and other discoveries. In the old China, the lead and zinc industry has a weak foundation, there are only a few small-scale mines and factories, mining, ore dressing, smelting basically local production, the highest annual output of lead 8900t, zinc 7100t. After the founding of the new China, the lead and zinc industry develops very quickly. After more than 60 years of large-scale geological surveys, a wealth of lead and zinc mineral resources have been identified, a number of large-sized - super-large lead and zinc mines have been discovered, a large number of state-run large and medium-sized lead and zinc mines and smelters have been built, and a large production capacity of mining, processing and smelting has been formed. Since the beginning of this century, China's lead and zinc output has ranked first in the world, becoming the world's largest lead and zinc producing country. Development strategic planning 1. Transformation and upgrading needs Transformation and upgrading has become a kind of enterprise **** knowledge, in order to make the enterprise really become a core competitiveness, innovation and resilience, corporate cohesion, social influence, strong sustainable development of the "five strong" enterprises, the key lies in grasping the "transformation and upgrading", just like a person who has the same ability as a person who is in the same situation as a person. Upgrade", as a person's health needs a whole-body exercise, the use of the opportunity to develop "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development strategy, the enterprise should grasp the turn of the brain (practical changes in the mode of development), turn the body (management system and mechanism of innovation and change), and turn the two feet (to improve the implementation of the power). As the transformation and upgrading of traditional industry enterprises, not only should still focus on demand-oriented, innovation-driven, manufacturing service-oriented transformation and upgrading, when possible, should also pay attention to and intervene in the transformation and upgrading of new urbanization-oriented and foreign investment-oriented transformation and upgrading. 2. The need to become stronger and bigger By analyzing the opportunities, challenges, advantages and disadvantages faced by the enterprise in the next five years and even in the longer term, and judging the situation and formulating the enterprise's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" development strategy, the enterprise can see the prospects for development. Seize the new wave of urbanization, industrial transformation to a mature structure, corporate mergers and reorganization efforts to increase the market breakthroughs in new directions, the resource space tends to expand the optimization of the regional economy towards the full integration of the development of *** accelerate the transformation and increase as a variety of opportunities for innovative development, and to further expand and strengthen the long enterprise will become possible. 3. Sustainable development needs to formulate enterprise "Twelfth Five-Year" development strategy, is a good time to plan for the transformation of the enterprise. Review of the enterprise's past "three major" gains and losses and weak links in the management, such as loopholes, you can play the "patch"; for the management of too many forms of excessive, ineffective, leadership, implementation is not enough, you can prescribe the right medicine, from the system, mechanism, system Management up and down the medicine. Market Outlook Since 2009, the lead-zinc industry has been increasing energy conservation and emission reduction and industry mergers and acquisitions, accelerating industrial restructuring, the number of enterprises above designated size has been decreasing. As of 2011, the number of enterprises in China's lead and zinc smelting industry was 509, a significant decrease of 132 compared with 2010, but the proportion of lead and zinc enterprises in all industries has not changed much, at 0.16%, while the total assets of the industry accounted for the proportion of all industries was 0.26%, comparable with 2010. The total industry amounted to 173.973 billion yuan, and the year-on-year growth rate was maintained at 20%. On the whole, the scale of China's lead and zinc industry expanded in 2011, and the concentration of the industry was further improved, but the scale expansion speed was not as fast as that of 2010, which was mainly affected by the lower level of the overall operation of the industry in 2011. High domestic lead and zinc ore prices have been troubling smelters in 2011, and the increasing dependence of large-scale backbone enterprises on foreign lead and zinc concentrates has become a bottleneck restricting China's lead and zinc industry. In the past few years, China's raw material shortage, the number of imports increased year by year, from concentrate exporters to importers. During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, it is difficult to achieve a substantial increase in mine production, and the low degree of resource security will become the bottleneck restricting the development of China's lead-zinc industry in the next few years. In the past 10 years, China's lead and zinc ore reserves development and utilization of a high degree, has been used in a large proportion of reserves, compared with the world's large lead and zinc resources has a considerable gap. China is rich in lead-zinc ore resources reserves, the urbanization process requires a huge potential for lead-zinc ore, China's lead-zinc ore market development is relatively stable. In the future, with the support of *** policies and planning, the improvement of economic situation, the growth of downstream consumption and the increase of industrial concentration brought by industry consolidation, the above series of measures will promote the development of China's lead-zinc ore market. In the long run, accelerating the pace of industrial structural adjustment, eliminating backward industry capacity and other industry structural integration is the general direction and trend of the future development of China's lead and zinc industry. For the prospects of the industry in terms of the future will pay more attention to energy saving and emission reduction and environmental protection, at the same time, the lead-zinc industry began to turn to internationalization of business. Technology development "Large lead-zinc smelting enterprise water-saving technology development" project January 7, 2013, by the Beijing General Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and Zhongjin Lingnan (9.16,-0.10,-1.08%) Non-ferrous Metals Co. "Large lead and zinc smelting enterprise water conservation technology development" project through the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association held in Beijing, the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements. The expert group believes that the results of the project to fill the gaps in the country, in Shaoguan smelter for engineering demonstration, treatment effect is good, industrial water reuse rate is high, stable operation, to achieve a substantial reduction of pollutants, the overall technology has reached the international advanced level, of which the "high concentration slurry method (HDS)" technology is the world's leading. This project is the "Water Saving Technology Development for Non-ferrous Large Smelting Enterprises" under the National Science and Technology Support Program of the 11th Five-Year Plan. The project has successfully developed a complete set of water-saving technologies for large-scale lead and zinc smelting enterprises in response to the needs of lead and zinc smelting industry in terms of water resources deployment control, water reuse, and in-depth treatment of wastewater. One of the main features is that it makes use of the mechanism that coarse granularity and crystallization of reflux sludge can increase the concentration of substrate, improve the treatment efficiency and prevent the scaling of pipelines and equipment, and for the first time in China, it has carried out the research and engineering demonstration of the "High Concentration Slurry (HDS)" technology for treating industrial wastewater from lead and zinc smelting, and developed relevant supporting equipment, which can provide high water consumption when compared with the conventional lime method, and can also provide high water consumption when compared with the conventional lime method. Secondly, through the screening of membrane materials and the optimization of process integration, we have developed a combination of physical and chemical-membrane process for the deep treatment of lead and zinc smelting wastewater, and the effluent quality has reached the requirements of new water for industrial use. Third, using the combination of "source control - process control - end of the treatment", the research of large lead and zinc smelting enterprises "quality water supply, water quality security and sewage deep treatment and reuse" comprehensive water conservation integrated technology, greatly improving the industrial water reuse rate, significantly reducing the emission of pollutants.