B. Electrolysis cell Fe for the anode, the occurrence of Fe-2e-=Fe2 +, so B error;
C. The battery is a molten carbonate as an electrolyte, the negative electrode reaction is CH4+4CO32--8e-=5CO2+2H2O, the positive electrode reaction is O2+2CO2+4e-=2CO32-, and the only substance that can be recycled is carbon dioxide, so C is correct;
D. The cathode's electrode reaction is: 2H++2e-=H2↑. The cathode produces 44.8L (standard condition) that is, 2mol of hydrogen produced, so the amount of material transferred electrons for 4mol, according to the battery's negative electrode reaction is CH4 + 4CO32 - 8e - = 5CO2 + 2H2O, when the B device has 1.6 gCH4 to participate in the reaction, that is, 0.1mol of methane to participate in the reaction, there is a 0.8 mol of electrons transferred, then C electrode Theoretically, the gas generated in the standard condition is 8.96L, so D is wrong.
Therefore, choose C.