The medical protection of astronauts is vital to guaranteeing safe flights in space, and it is an important measure of the life-support system. It can be said that without sound medical safeguards, space flight is impossible.
Medical supervision of astronauts includes several aspects during the training period, the preparation period, the spaceflight and the post-spaceflight period. In-flight medical supervision is far out in space and is more complex and mysterious than all other kinds of medical supervision.
In-flight medical supervision is mainly carried out with the telemetry system of the spacecraft and ground station, using human physiological and biochemical indexes, monitoring of the environmental parameters of the cockpit as well as telephone "questioning" and television "diagnostic" methods. In order to carry out effective supervision, the manned spacecraft and the space station are equipped with a bicycle ergometer for measuring the metabolic function of the human body, a lower-body negative-pressure device for evaluating the ability of cardiovascular regulation, a sleep analyzer for observing sleep, as well as measuring instruments and sensors for measuring electrocardiograms, blood pressures, heart tones, heart vibration maps, pulses, body temperatures, skin resistance maps, respiratory maps, voice analysis capabilities and other physiological indicators, so that various kinds of medical data can be collected in a timely manner and data processing is carried out in a real-time manner. medical data in a timely manner and make data processing in real time. The functional state of astronauts during space flight is judged as "normal", "excessive" or "dangerous", and on this basis, decisions are made about the astronauts' work and rest schedules and the duration of their stay in the space station. The program is designed to be used as a tool to help you make decisions about the time of day and the duration of your stay on the space station.
The data processing of aerospace medicine is similar to that of general medicine, and can be divided into digital, analog and analog-digital processing. Among them, the analog processing mode for ground experimental research, a variety of physiological data acquisition using data processing methods, executed by the digital computer, the human body's functional state of the automatic judgment or prediction, the use of mathematical and statistical methods of assessment. The judgment of the human body's health state is followed up and judged by the automated monitoring system. In the implementation of medical supervision, ground monitoring personnel and astronauts to maintain close telephone contact, according to the established procedures, monitoring from the spacecraft sent back to the ground a variety of physiological and psychological data, comprehensive analysis and judgment, to obtain the conclusion of the astronaut's physical health and ability to work.
The cosmonaut Alexander Ravetkin, who entered the Mir space station on Feb. 8, 1987, had to return to Earth early on July 22 because of ill health. His companion Romanenko also felt fatigue, and the ground command center constantly shortened his working hours, from 8.5 hours at the beginning to 6.5, 5.5, 4.5 hours a day, until finally stopping all work, and these diagnoses and treatments were made on a supervisory basis.
Knowledge Points
Why Limit Head Motion
Head motion in spaceflight can cause or exacerbate motion sickness symptoms, so teaching astronauts to consciously control their head motion during flight is one of the most effective measures for preventing space motion sickness. Soviet scientists have developed a set of devices to reduce head movement, which can apply a certain amount of pressure on the neck and limit the movement of the head. The use of this device in spaceflight, the effect is better.