Accountant attention! 5 million fixed assets below a one-time charge to the "administrative expenses" to grasp the reconciliation!

Policy understanding is not in place, easy to get into big trouble!

First, the deduction policy provisions

1. Cai Shui [2018] No. 54 stipulates that: enterprises in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020, newly purchased equipment, appliances (refers to fixed assets other than houses and buildings), the unit value of up to 5 million yuan, allowing a one-time entry into the current cost of costs in the calculation of taxable income deduction, no longer divided into annual Calculate depreciation.

2. "Allow a one-time charge to the current cost" is not more deductions, is the "early deduction", "one-time" deduction of the current tax reduction, after the depreciation and amortization of period All the tax increase.

3. Enterprises enjoy accelerated depreciation of fixed assets policy, not mandatory corporate tax and accounting treatment is consistent, allowing the existence of tax differences. (See, people clearly said that there can be differences, rather than across-the-board, accounting and tax treatment is the same)

Second, accounting and tax how to deal with

(1) According to "Business Accounting Standards No. 4 - Fixed Assets", enterprises should be based on the expected realization of economic benefits associated with fixed assets, a reasonable choice of Fixed assets depreciation method;

(2) Accounting treatment requires depreciation in accordance with the depreciation method of fixed assets, the enterprise income tax treatment of "a one-time charge to current costs", resulting in tax differences;

(3) In accordance with the "Business Accounting Standard No. 18 - Income Taxes", income taxes should be calculated on the basis of the balance sheet. Income tax should be accounted for using the balance sheet liability method to calculate temporary differences, according to which deferred income tax liabilities are recognized. (Don't be sad ah, enjoy the policy will increase a lot of accounting workload to calculate deferred income tax liabilities)

Third, the case illustrates

A general taxpayer on June 1, 2019 purchased a certain equipment used exclusively for research and development, the tax-inclusive price of 4,520,000 yuan, to obtain VAT invoices, the equipment can be required to deduct input tax credits. The R&D equipment has an estimated useful life of 10 years and an estimated net residual value of 0. It is depreciated on a straight-line basis for accounting purposes and in accordance with the above preferential policies for tax purposes. The corporate income tax rate is 25%.

1. 2019 purchase of equipment

Borrow:Fixed assets - a piece of equipment 400

Taxes payable - VAT payable (input tax) 52 (VAT rate 13%)

Credit:Bank deposits 452

2. depreciation

Depreciation = 400 ÷ 10 = 400,000 yuan per year, and in 2019, the depreciation is calculated for 6 months (Note: depreciation will be calculated from the month following the month of commissioning). The month following the month of commissioning) for 200,000 yuan.

Borrow: R&D Expenditures - Expensed Expenditures 20

Credit: Accumulated Depreciation 20

At the end of the period, transfer "R&D Expenditures - Expensed Expenditures" to "R&D Expenses".

Borrow: R&D expenses 20

Credit: R&D expenditures - expensed expenditures 20

3. Adjustment of income tax

(1) Depreciation of 4 million yuan in 2019 according to the preferential policy for tax purposes, depreciation of tax differences should be adjusted to reduce the amount of taxable income = 4 million - 20 = 3.8 million yuan;

(2) R & D costs can enjoy the 75% tax deduction. preferences, should be reduced taxable income = 400 × 75% = 3 million yuan.

(3) The closing book value of equipment A = 400-20 = 3.8 million yuan, tax basis = 400-400 = 0 million yuan, the former is greater than the latter 3.8 million yuan, which is a taxable temporary difference, and should be recognized as a deferred income tax liability = 380 × 25% = 950,000 yuan.

借:所得税费用 95

贷:递延所得税负债 95

四、一次性加计扣除有时不算算

对于短期无法实现盈利的亏损企业而言,选择实行一次性税前扣除政策会进一步加大亏损,且由于税法规定的弥补期限的限制,该亏损可能无法得到弥补,实际上减少了税前扣除金额。 The company's business is not a business that is not a business that is not a business.

Enterprises can choose to enjoy the one-time pre-tax deduction policy according to their own production and operation needs. However, in order to avoid malicious tax concessions, the announcement made it clear that enterprises did not choose to enjoy the subsequent year shall not be changed. This normal is not a joke, do not enjoy the future will not be able to enjoy! Must be considered before choosing!

It should be noted that the provisions of the subsequent year shall not be changed for a single fixed asset, a single fixed asset is not selected to enjoy, does not affect other fixed assets to choose to enjoy the one-time pre-tax deduction policy. For example, the company bought an ultrasound machine spent 100,000, when there was no enjoyment of the discount, and later bought a fetal heart monitor 200,000, this 200,000 or can continue to be chosen by yourselves!

Fifth, so that the accounting treatment to catch the transfer

A company bought a car in January this year if the amount of 360,000 yuan.

Borrow: administrative expenses - vehicle costs 360000 yuan

Credit: bank deposits 360000 yuan

Reminder: such capricious accounting treatment is wrong!

The correct treatment is here:

A company bought a car in January this year if the amount of 36 million yuan.

Borrow: fixed assets - car 360,000 yuan

Credit: bank deposits 360,000 yuan

If depreciation in accordance with the 3-year depreciation, regardless of the net salvage value, the monthly depreciation amount is 10,000 yuan

February depreciation:

Borrow: administrative expenses - depreciation expense 10,000 yuan

Credit: Accumulated depreciation 10,000 yuan

March depreciation:

Borrow: administrative expenses - depreciation expense 10,000 yuan

Credit: accumulated depreciation 1,000 yuan

March depreciation:

Borrow: administrative expenses - depreciation expense 1,000 yuan

Borrow: administrative expenses - depreciation expense 1,000 yuan

Borrow: administrative expenses - depreciation expense 1,000 yuan 10,000 yuan

Credit:Accumulated depreciation 10,000 yuan

Six, how to fill in the tax return

Assuming that Company A's total profit of 4.34 million yuan in the first quarter of 2019 is not a small and micro-profit enterprise.

Then, due to the purchase of 360,000 yuan of cars in January, a one-time deduction is allowed, while depreciation of 2 months counted 20,000 yuan.

Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the taxable income = 360,000 yuan - 20,000 yuan = 340,000 yuan

Therefore, the first quarter prepaid enterprise income tax = (434-340,000 yuan) * 25% = 1 million yuan

How to fill out the first quarter income tax return?

Reminder: Line 7 of the quarterly return, "Accelerated depreciation of fixed assets (deduction) reduction": report the accumulated amount of tax reduction for the period when the depreciation of fixed assets entitled to accelerated depreciation benefits for tax purposes is greater than the accounting depreciation for the same period.

This line is based on the "Schedule of Accelerated Depreciation (Deduction) of Fixed Assets" (A201020).

Let's see how the schedules of the quarterly statements are completed?

Reminder 1: This schedule must be completed from the start of depreciation of the fixed asset, during the depreciation period in which "tax depreciation" is greater than "general depreciation".

When the amount of accounting depreciation of fixed assets is less than the amount of tax depreciation, in the monthly (quarterly) prepayment of tax returns for tax reduction, and at the same time need to enjoy the accelerated depreciation of the amount of preferential treatment and fill in the relevant information in this table.

Reminder 2: Since the start of depreciation of fixed assets, in the "tax depreciation" is less than or equal to the "general depreciation" of the depreciation period, do not fill out this form.

Reminder 3: When the accounting depreciation amount is less than or equal to the tax depreciation amount, the asset's "tax reduction amount" = "depreciation amount calculated to enjoy the accelerated depreciation benefits" - "book depreciation amount ".

When the accounting depreciation amount is greater than the tax depreciation amount, the asset's "tax reduction amount" is reported as 0.

How to fill in the 2019 annual enterprise income tax return?

If the 2019 annual profit is only 4.34 million yuan, the first four quarters have been prepaid 1 million yuan of income tax, the remittance need to be adjusted = 360,000 yuan - 110,000 yuan = 250,000 yuan

Seven, a one-time deduction needs to be retained what?

Enterprises choose to enjoy a one-time pre-tax deduction policy, you need to pay attention to retain a good backup information. Including: information about the point of purchase of fixed assets (such as the purchase of fixed assets in the form of currency contracts, invoices, fixed assets purchased in installments or on credit to the arrival time of the description of fixed assets, the construction of fixed assets on their own account of the completion of the final account, etc.), fixed assets, accounting vouchers, accounting for differences in the tax treatment of the assets and accounting treatment of the account, and so on.