China's major cities pre-hospital emergency main model:
(1) Beijing model: the city to establish an emergency center, pre-hospital emergency focus, both in-hospital emergency intensive care and scientific research, teaching and publicity functions, the formation of medical, teaching, research, integrated hospitals, economic entities, economic independent accounting, do not need government funding. The center is equipped with hundreds of fixed beds, better conditions of hyperbaric oxygen chamber, CT, operating room, blood dialysis room, blood bank and intensive care unit. Equipped with dozens of ambulances, in order to shorten the emergency radius, in each district to set up district-level emergency stations and centers networking, the formation of ?120? emergency system, the implementation of unified command, scheduling. However, there are some shortcomings: ① rescue radius is too long, patients need to be all sent back to the center for treatment; ② lack of specialized technical force, sometimes delayed resuscitation; ③ and other hospitals to coordinate the relationship with the difficulties of other general hospitals, such as heart attack patients are all transported back to the center of the other hospitals teaching, research, lack of cases, affected.
(2) Shanghai model: ① the city to establish a medical emergency center station and the city, the suburbs belong to the sub-station and a number of hospitals work closely with the emergency model. ② the implementation of unified scheduling, close to the emergency, collaborative hospitals are mostly sub-stations near the district and county-level central hospitals. Central station and sub-stations do not set up fixed beds, specifically responsible for pre-hospital emergency care tasks and emergencies, disasters and accidents. (iii) Pre-hospital emergency care is highly specialized and has a short rescue radius of 4.5 kilometers at the urban level. However, there are no beds in the ambulance station, and it is necessary to deal with the relationship with the collaborating hospitals. ④ first aid center station and sub-station are required to government funding, first aid physician's title, treatment has not been unified to solve the problem, the nature of the pre-hospital emergency medical profession has not been fully affirmed, affecting the stability of the team.
(3) Guangzhou model: ① the city to establish an emergency medical command center, under the ministry, provincial and municipal as well as the military general hospital emergency departments based on the central emergency station, a sea ambulance station, an air ambulance station. ② emergency center command station and the hospitals have no administrative affiliation, but have the city's pre-hospital ambulance scheduling command. ③ responsible for participating in pre-hospital emergency ambulances, helicopters, ships and infirmary personnel belong to the hospital, the center command station of more than 20 people, can save money and manpower. Deficiencies: ① municipal funding in addition to municipal hospitals benefit, ministries, provinces and military hospitals are not benefited, affecting the balanced development of the center of the emergency station. ② the center of the first aid station on the first aid degree of importance varies, manpower, financial investment varies. ③?120?and the Public Security Bureau?110?and fire?119?in the disaster scene rescue lack of authority to coordinate the command.
(4) Chongqing model: ① the city to establish an emergency medical center, the center relies on a general hospital in the city, open?120? ② pre-hospital emergency and hospital emergency are a department of the hospital, and other coordinated hospitals in the same position, to accept the transfer of some of the emergency patients, *** with the composition of the emergency network, to complete the city's pre-hospital emergency mission. Defects: ① big city emergency center station depends on a hospital, administratively under the leadership of the hospital. In the organization of pre-hospital emergency and major disasters and accidents, in the unified command and control, the close cooperation of the ambulance station and obey the central command shall be established by the higher health administration. ② hospitals must be supported from the financial and material resources, must also be supported by local government departments.
(5) Hong Kong model: the joint fire department to implement pre-hospital emergency missions.