With the development of general hospitals, their functions are gradually increasing, and the requirements of patients are getting higher and higher, so the standards of their architectural design are also improved. Scientific architectural design can not only improve the work efficiency of general hospitals, reduce the occurrence of medical accidents, but also bring patients a comfortable treatment experience, thus improving the visibility of general hospitals.
I. Project Overview and Design Scope
1. Project overview
Chongqing Children's Medical Center has a planned land area of about 0. 13km2, an area of about13319m2, and beds 1500, with a planned total construction area of 398,400 m2, of which 47,800 m2 has been completed for the first-phase outpatient building and the second-phase outpatient building. The project will be built in stages, and it is expected to be completed and put into use in five years, with a planned investment of about 654.38+0.5 billion yuan. 2. The design scope and content mainly include general layout design, architectural design, structural design, water supply and drainage design (excluding sewage treatment device), heating, ventilation and air conditioning design, electrical design, building fire protection design, building energy saving, etc. Does not include outdoor environmental engineering, landscape engineering, indoor secondary decoration.
The second is the streamline design of important functional departments in general hospitals.
1. nuclear medicine
The nuclear medicine department includes 1 cyclotron, 1 PET-CT, 2et2. Cyclotron is used to make drugs for injection. Departments are divided into high living quarters, middle living quarters and low living quarters, and protective measures are taken as needed. PET-CT patients, ECT patients, medical staff and nuclear sources are all independent channels and do not cross each other. Medical personnel must pass the health examination before entering the protected area.
2. Radiotherapy Center
The radiotherapy center shall be equipped with two linear accelerators, 1 cobalt 60, 1 gamma knife, 1 afterloader, 1 analog positioning machine, 1 CT positioning machine, 1 center knife and 1 thermotherapy machine. Using sunken courtyard lighting in the waiting area can give patients a comfortable psychological feeling. Internal diagnosis and treatment and doctor's office area are relatively independent.
3. Central supply
There are two clean elevators in the central supply center, which can directly transport sterile articles to the operating department to ensure the supply of instruments and dressings in the operating department. After the operation, the recyclable sewage is transported to the central supply reception hall through the sewage ladder on the south side of the building, so as to realize the vertical circulation transportation of cleaning supplies in the operation department. The supply layout of the center strictly follows the principle of cleaning and pollution distribution, and is delivered to the sender by sorting, cleaning, packaging and disinfection in a one-way assembly line. The central supply room adopts mechanical exhaust system to ensure a good indoor working environment. The cleanliness level of the central supply room is Grade III, and the specific process will be further designed by a professional company.
Third, the key and difficult analysis of fire protection system design
Modern general hospitals often integrate many functions, such as subject medical treatment, health management, first aid network and high-end rehabilitation, with complex layout, numerous departments and different functions. The design of fire protection system has its uniqueness and arduousness, and some contents need to consider the provisions of new medical construction regulations and new regulations.
Analysis of key points and difficulties in the design of 1.
Layout of fire hydrants in stairwell and front room. Steel fire doors are used in the stairwell, and the door leaves are opened in the evacuation direction at the edge of the door opening, which is self-closing to prevent fire and smoke, and wide-angle opening is convenient for evacuation, which brings the problem that the fire hose passes through the fire door when taking the fire hydrant, which affects both fire prevention and fire extinguishing. Considering that the design of smoke-proof stairwell itself is rich in positive residual pressure of 40 ~ 50 Pa, it affects the evacuation work in case of fire. In this project, according to the requirements of the new Code for Medical Building, fire hydrants are set in a prominent position near the stairs to ensure safety, but at the same time, it is difficult to solve the problem of increasing investment. Operation and control of fire pump. The new Consumer Law stipulates the starting mechanism of the fire pump, which can be automatically realized by triggering any one of the three switches located at the outlet pipe of the high-level water tank, the pressure switch of the alarm valve or the pressure switch of the main outlet pipe of the fire pump. At the same time, the fire pump must also be equipped with a mechanism to manually control the start and stop to ensure safe use.
However, the fire water tank located on the roof sends a signal to the fire control room through the pressure change during the opening or closing of the pressure stabilizing pump, which is inconsistent with the switch signal. Finally, it is the outlet pipe flow switch that really turns on the hydrant pump, and the pressure stabilizing pump does not play the role of starting the pump. The pressure stabilizing pump actually plays the role of automatic start of the control system and sufficient water in the pipe network. This project fully considers the key points, and mainly designs the pressure stabilizing pump and the fire hydrant pump. Spacing of fire hydrants. According to the new Code for Fire Prevention, fire hydrants must be arranged in the form of two full water columns, with a distance of 30m in light rain. When a single enriched water column is used, the required spacing is less than 50 meters.
2. Fire protection system design
For the pipeline passing through the tank wall, waterproof casing is installed in this project. A-type flexible waterproof casing is used for the water pump suction pipe with seismic requirements, and A-type rigid waterproof casing is used for other parts. Refer to the requirements of national standard drawing 02S404 for construction. According to the medical and health characteristics of the general hospital, the ventilation pipe, snorkel and overflow pipe of the fire pool are equipped with stainless steel insect-proof nets. The overflow pipe and vent pipe of the fire water tank are indirectly connected with the drainage, and the bottom of the pipe is 200mm higher than the ground drainage ditch. It is very important to control the distance between the inlet of the pool and the overflow level. The design of this project strictly requires that it be controlled between100 ~150 mm. A liquid level gauge is set in the fire water tank, and a liquid level control valve is set in the water inlet pipe of the water tank to ensure that the liquid level is limited, and the signals of the highest alarm water level and the lowest alarm water level are finally transmitted to the fire control room. The fire control room is also equipped with a water level display device in the fire water tank.
The connection between the suction pipe of each fire pump and the suction main pipe requires that the top of the pipe must be flat and the rising angle with the pump must be above 0.005 slope. The suction flange of the pump is connected with the eccentric suction pipe of the big head and the small head. Considering the maintenance needs, the manhole of the fire pool must have reliable sealing measures and be locked for protection. Considering the higher safety requirements of general hospitals, the fire pump adopts the dual mechanism of manual start-stop control and automatic start-up. The basement fire pool is designed to store 468m3 indoor fire water and 32m3 cooling tower water, with a total effective volume of 500m3. According to the characteristics of different departments, the unique design of fire fighting system in general hospital is also the key and difficult point in the design of fire fighting water supply system in this kind of building. Various measures have been taken in this project according to the requirements of the new code.
Four. conclusion
To sum up, this paper takes "Chongqing Children's Medical Center" as an example, and introduces the architectural design of general hospital in detail with streamline design and fire protection design as the breakthrough point, aiming at improving its architectural design level and providing better medical environment for patients. At the same time, the hospital is a place where people get new life and regain health, and it is a place where life continues and hopes for new life. In this regard, it is particularly important to analyze its architectural design in this paper.
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