Blood draw Blood draw (for laboratory tests) Blood test specimen is drawn
X-ray examination X-ray fluoroscopy X-ray fluoroscopy X-ray fluoroscopy is performed using Χ-ray to visualize the chest cavity, and may screen for diseases such as tuberculosis, lung tumors, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, bronchodilatation, tracheal dilatation, ventricular hypertrophy, protruding aortic arch, scoliosis, and the diagnosis of thoracic bony disorders. If the frontal Χ-ray examination is normal, but there is a chronic cough with blood in the sputum, the lateral Χ-ray examination will be added
Bone Density Bone Density Screening The bone density of human beings reaches its peak around the age of 30 years, and after that, the bone mass will be lost year by year, which results in the loosening of the structure of the skeleton and the fragility of the bones, and gradually the occurrence of "osteoporosis". Therefore, it is best for normal people to be screened annually after the age of 30.
Five ultrasounds Abdomen (liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, kidneys) (black and white ultrasound) Checks for lesions in the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. Mainly examines eight areas including liver, intrahepatic bile ducts, common bile duct, gallbladder, kidneys, hepatic portal vein, pancreas, spleen and others. Detects fatty liver, cirrhosis, liver and gallstones, unexplained abdominal pain and other diseases.
Prostate ultrasound Screening the prostate for the following conditions: prostate hyperplasia, prostatitis, prostate cancer, prostate cysts, prostate abscesses, prostate tuberculosis, prostate stones and others.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) is a graphic recording of potential changes related to the heart beat to determine whether there is atrial or ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, incomplete veins, cysticercosis, or systemic diseases that cause changes in the heart and other abnormalities
Internal medicine, 5 items (heart, lungs, liver, spleen, and nervous system, etc.) are examined to rule out internal medicine or to detect signs and symptoms of internal medicine.
Surgical 7 (skin, spine, limbs, thyroid, breast, anus, external genitalia, etc.) Palpation and physical examination to understand the basic condition of the surgical system
Ophthalmology 4 (visual acuity, color vision, external eye, intraocular pressure, fundus, slit-lamp examination, etc.) The eyes are an important tool for transmitting the outside world to the brain, and in order to understand whether they are normal or not, it is necessary to carry out a vision examination; through the fundus photography examination, the eyes can be examined to determine whether they are normal, and to determine whether they are normal. The eye is an important tool for transmitting external conditions to the brain. To know whether it is normal, vision examination is necessary; through fundus photography, to know whether there are lesions in the fundus and blood vessels; such as: diabetes-induced fundus lesions, glaucoma, cataracts, optic neuritis, optic neurasthenia, etc.
10 items of stomatology (lips, cheeks, teeth, gums, periodontium, tongue, palate, parotid gland, submandibular gland, infratemporal) Through physical examination, to exclude stomatology or to find the symptoms of stomatological disorders
Otorhinolaryngology 7 items (hearing, outer ear, inner ear, nasal cavity, nasal diaphragm, pharynx, larynx, etc.) The main examination areas include: ear, nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. Ear: ruptured eardrum, otitis media ...... etc. Nose: sinusitis, nasal diaphragm curvature, tonsillar lesions... etc. Larynx: polyps, nodules, laryngeal tumors ...... and so on.
Gynecology 4 gynecological routine Screening of the cervix size, color, shape of the external orifice; the presence of erosion, polyps, tumors, inflammation; and the amount of secretions, the nature of the secretion, color, the presence of odor, and so on. It also touches the vagina for elasticity, patency, and tenderness; and palpates the uterus and adnexa for pressure, pain, and lumps, etc.
Cervical smear It is important to screen for cervical cancer through the cervical smear, which has a high incidence, but not as high a mortality rate, mainly due to the efficacy of early detection and early treatment. Since cervical smear is an effective method to screen for cervical cancer, all women who have sexual intercourse should be examined once a year
Breast infrared scanning Mammography is the use of Χ-light instruments to visualize the breast under compression, and this Χ-light examination can detect many breast lesions that cannot be felt by the hand, and the chances of detecting breast cancer in the early stage are quite high.
Gynecological ultrasound Gynecological ultrasound can find out whether there are lesions in the uterus, ovaries and other reproductive organs. Screening for diseases: it can mainly detect uterine fibroids, uterine fibroids, uterine cancer, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, ovarian cysts, ovarian cancer and other diseases.
18 items of routine blood tests White blood cell count (WBC) mainly serves as a defense. Increase or decrease of white blood cells, together with the classification of white blood cells, can be used to initially diagnose bacterial or viral infections, or leukemia (commonly known as blood cancer)
Lymphocytes (LYN) The value of the classification of white blood cells can help to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases
Granulocytes (GRAN)
Red blood cell count is the most important indicator of the presence of a disease.
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Anemia or blood loss can affect the number of red blood cells.
If high, you may have erythrocytosis or thalassemia;
if low, you may be anemic
Hemoglobin (HGB) Used mainly to check for anemia
Red cell volume (HCT) The percentage of volume of red blood cells in the blood, which gives a better idea of the degree of anemia
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) The percentage of red blood cells in the blood. MCV (mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin content of red blood cells (MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells (MCHC)
Red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW) RDW rises when there is a large difference in the size of the red blood cell corpuscles, and can be used as a reference for the diagnosis of anemia
Platelet count (PLT) High values may be associated with erythrocytic hemocytosis, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myelofibrosis, splenectomy, chronic infectious disease, or recovery from acute infection. Low platelet values may be associated with hemorrhagic tendency, aplastic anemia with poor coagulation
Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
Platelet Width Distribution (PDW)
Platelet Compaction Tissue (PCT)
Mononuclear Cells (MON) Values of the leukocyte classifications, which are helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases
Lymphocyte Relative Percentage (LRR%)
Granulocyte Relative Percentage (RPR%)
Monocyte Relative Percentage (MPR%)
Urine 10 items Specific Gravity (SG) Adult arbitrary urine Normal value for adults is 1.010-1.030. Hypoglycemic urine: seen in patients with uremic avalanches, polycystic kidneys, or those who are using diuretics or taking too much water. Hypospecific urine: seen in diabetes mellitus, polycystic kidney, diuretics and excessive water intake. High specific gravity urine: seen in diabetes, congestive heart failure, dehydration, vomiting
Urine pH (PH) Fresh urine is normally weakly acidic, with an acidity of 5 to 8. If the pH is greater than 8, it means that the urine is alkaline, which may be associated with urinary tract infections, inflammation, or kidney dysfunction. If the pH is less than 5, the urine is acidic and may be starving or ketoacidosis
Leukocytes (LEU) test paper to test for white blood cells in the urine. If there is an increase in leukocytes in the urine, it means that there is inflammation in the urinary tract, which can be read in conjunction with urine protein and nitrite. However, women are often contaminated by vaginal secretions test results were positive, so the collection of urine should be cleaned before the perineum
Nitrite (NIT) to determine whether the urinary system has a bacterial infection; if there is a nitrite reaction, the need for further microscopic examination, in order to understand what kind of bacterial infections
Protein in urine (PRO) Normally, there is a small amount of protein in the urine (150 mg/day), and the test paper test can be used to determine if there is a bacterial infection. / day), the test paper test is negative (-); if positive (+), it may be: physiological proteinuria: excessive muscle exercise, cold bath for too long, eating too much protein. Postural proteinuria: some people have proteinuria when they stand for too long. Pathologic proteinuria: kidney inflammation, nephrotic syndrome, high fever, toxemia of pregnancy, etc.
Glucose in urine (GLU) Normal urine is negative (-) for no sugar, or trace amounts of sugar are present. Urine sugar is positive (+), it should be considered whether the diabetes, must be followed up again
Urinary ketone bodies (KET) body fat metabolism is incomplete and the formation of ketone bodies, the normal absence of ketone bodies in the urine is negative (-), if there are ketone bodies in the urine for the positive (+), is often seen in patients with diabetes, but also seen in patients with starvation, fever, prolonged diarrhea, vomiting and so on. . Ketone bodies can also be found in the urine of dieters who restrict starchy foods
Urinary bile group (UBG) If urobilinogen is too high in the urine, it indicates possible hemolytic jaundice, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, and other diseases. If there is no urobilinogen in the urine, it indicates possible biliary obstruction
Bilirubin (U-BiL) Normal urine is negative (-) because there is no bilirubin in it. When there is bilirubin in the urine, it is positive (+), indicating possible biliary obstruction or liver disease
Urinary erythrocytes (ERY) Measures whether there is blood in the urine. The absence of blood in the urine is negative (-); the presence of blood in the urine is positive (+), which may indicate urinary tract stones, inflammation of the kidneys, or cancer of the urinary tract. However, if the urine sample has been left for a long time, or if a woman is on her period of pregnancy, it may cause false positives; and if you take a lot of vitamin C, it may cause false negatives
Liver Function 11 Albuminous aminotransferase (ALT) sGPT values in serum represent the degree of damage to the hepatocytes. In acute hepatitis, values may be as high as 500 to 1000 IU/L or more. Chronic hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, liver cancer, etc. can also cause high values
Glutamyltransferase (GOT) is an enzyme in the body, which is found in the liver, heart, and in organs or cells such as the brain or blood cells. sGOT is high, which means that there may be lesions in these areas
Glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an enzyme that is found in the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, and it is most commonly used in the treatment of hepatitis. GGT is an enzyme found in the liver, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, and is most commonly used to screen for liver dysfunction and cirrhosis, especially alcoholic and drug-induced liver disorders
Total Protein (TPO) Checks for nutritional status, liver function, kidney function, and infections
Albumin (ALB) Albumin, which is used to maintain osmolality of the blood plasma, is made in the liver, and will decrease dramatically in the case of liver disease, diarrhea, and nutritional disorders
Albumin (ALB) is used to maintain the osmolality of blood plasma, and is made in the liver. Albumin (ALB) Albumin is used to maintain the osmotic pressure of plasma and is made in the liver. Therefore, when there is liver disease, diarrhea, nutritional disorders, etc., there will be a significant decrease in albumin
Globulin (GLO) Globulin can increase or decrease in infections, liver disease, renal disease, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In children or teenagers during development, the value can be as high as 2 to 3 times, but it is still normal. Higher values may indicate liver and gallbladder problems, bone cancer, or bone metastases
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Higher values may indicate myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, liver damage, muscular dysplasia, leukemia, anemia, or cancer, and usually need to be combined with other tests to make a judgment. A value of 10% above normal is the limit of normal, so if it exceeds 50 units or more, a decision should be made about what kind of disease is causing it
Total bilirubin (TBS) A high level may indicate a liver or gallbladder problem or a hemolytic disorder. If the skin is yellowish, this is called jaundice
Direct bilirubin A high level of direct bilirubin may indicate a liver or gallbladder problem
Lipids 4 Total cholesterol The body's most representative fat. If the serum cholesterol level is too high, it may cause hypertension, atherosclerosis, and stroke; if the level is too low, it may cause anemia, liver disorders, and malnutrition
Triglycerides Triglycerides are formed mostly from fermentation and carbohydrates (rice, bread, and other cereal grains), and high values of neutral fats may predispose to diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and obesity
High-density High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Cholesterol) This is commonly known as "good" cholesterol, which has a protective effect on blood vessels. The blood level should not be less than 40mg/dl (0.91mmol/L), otherwise it is easy to suffer from vascular sclerosis
Low-density lipoprotein - cholesterol (LDL - Cholesterol) This is the "bad" cholesterol, the higher the more bad. It is an important guideline for the prevention of coronary heart disease and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Renal function 3 items urea nitrogen BUN The end product of renal filtration and metabolism, when renal dysfunction, the product can not be properly excreted, then the serum urea nitrogen value rises. However, this value is highly susceptible to drug dosage, and must be diagnosed together with other tests
Creatinine CR Creatinine is a substance broken down by creatine, which is the main energy source for muscle movement, and as long as the kidneys are functioning normally, creatinine will be excreted in the urine. Measurement of creatinine can tell the excretory function of the kidneys
Ua Uric acid Ua body Purine / Purine (Purine) metabolites, to the animal's viscera Purine / Purine content is the most. Uric acid can be high in people who drink too much alcohol, diabetes, gout, nephritis, lead poisoning, and parathyroidism
Blood glucose Fasting blood glucose refers to the amount of glucose in the blood during fasting. It is the most basic way to screen for diabetes. If fasting blood glucose is greater than 110mg/dl (6.1mmol/L), it is recommended that fasting blood glucose be measured again on another day to confirm the diagnosis of diabetes
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori Ab) Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacterium that grows in the mucous membrane of the stomach, and it has been shown to be associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and some gastric ulcers, H. pylori Ab is a bacterium that grows in the mucous membrane of the stomach.
The H. pylori antibody test is a convenient test that requires only a blood sample. If the antibody is positive, it means one of three things:
1. The body is infected with H. pylori and the disease is caused by the bacteria.
2. The body is infected with the bacteria but it does not cause disease.
3. The bacteria have been eradicated, but the antibodies have not disappeared.
The antibody-positive patients should therefore go to the hospital for further examination, and the gastroenterologist should decide whether eradication therapy (using antibiotics) is necessary.
Calcium (Ca) When blood calcium is elevated, it is mainly seen in malignant tumors, parathyroidism and vitamin D toxicity, and when it is lowered, it is mainly seen in osteomalacia, rickets, vitamin D deficiency and parathyroidism. It should be read in conjunction with phosphorus (P).
Phosphorus (P) Blood phosphorus should be read together with calcium. When calcium is elevated, if phosphorus is also elevated, a possible malignancy should be considered; if phosphorus is decreased, parathyroid hyperfunction or vitamin D overload may be present. If phosphorus also decreases when calcium decreases, osteochondrosis, rickets, or vitamin D deficiency may be present; if phosphorus increases, parathyroidism or chronic renal insufficiency may be present.
Iron (Fe/SI) Iron (Fe/SI) Serum iron is measured to screen for iron deficiency. If serum iron is low but hemoglobin is still in the normal range, it indicates an early stage of iron deficiency; if both serum iron and hemoglobin are low, it indicates iron deficiency anemia has occurred. High serum iron can be seen in pernicious anemia, thalassemia and hemolytic anemia, etc., taking too much iron serum iron will rise.
Syphilis Rapid syphilis spirochete reactivity (RPR) is the most commonly used method of screening for syphilis. If positive or weakly positive, it does not mean that you have syphilis, and a TPHA (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination test) must be done to confirm the test.
Thyroid gland Triiodothyronine (T3) T3 is elevated in hyperthyroidism and lowered in hypothyroidism, and is screened for tissue inflammation
Thyroxine (T4) T4 is a thyroid hormone that can be analyzed in the blood to determine thyroid function, and is best read in conjunction with TSH. an elevated T4 is considered hyperthyroidism, and a lowered T4 is considered hypoactive.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the hypothalamus that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxine. A TSH test screens for thyroid function and must usually be read in conjunction with thyroxine (T4). Generally, TSH decreases in hyperthyroidism and increases in hypothyroidism.
AIDS This test is used to detect AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). If the test is positive, another test is required. If the test is positive again, it is reported to the higher health department for further confirmation.
Hepatitis B 5 Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HbsAg) To find out if you are infected with the hepatitis B virus, whether you have developed antibodies against the hepatitis virus, whether you should be vaccinated, and the effect of the vaccine
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody (HbsAb)
Hepatitis B e Antigen (HbeAg)
Hepatitis B e Antibody (HbeAb)
Hepatitis B Core Antibody (HbcAb)
Oncology Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) CEA is a tumor marker. It is usually highest in colorectal, rectal, and pancreatic tumors, and may be higher in other cancers, though less frequently. The results of the test should be used in conjunction with clinical symptoms and other references.
Fetal AFP (a-FA/AFP) Alpha-FA/AFP is the most commonly used blood test to detect liver cancer (it is best to use it in conjunction with an abdominal ultrasound when screening for liver cancer). If the value is high, it may be liver cancer or chronic hepatitis. However, stomach cancer, teratoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and other proliferative diseases, pregnancy, or acute hepatitis, the value will also be high, so must be in conjunction with the clinical symptoms of the judgment
Prostate tumor marker (PSA) PSA is the "prostate specific antigen", is a tumor marker, can be used to screen for prostate cancer. It is indicated for men over the age of 50.
Breast Tumor Marker (CA 15-3) CA 15-3 is a complementary test for breast cancer, and those who have normal CA 15-3 tests should never neglect breast self-examination. The most important thing to prevent and control breast cancer is self-examination, and if you have any suspicion, you should consult a doctor immediately for further mammography.CA 15-3 examination should be interpreted carefully by professionals and not by yourself because the maximum positive rate is only about 50%, and should be used for screening.
Pancreatic tumor marker (CA 19-9) CA 19-9 is a glycoproteins contained in cancer cells, which is mainly associated with cancers of the digestive tract, with pancreatic and gallbladder cancers having a higher positive rate. The positive rates of CA19-9 in various cancers are as follows: pancreatic cancer, 84%; gallbladder cholangiocarcinoma, 69%; colorectal cancer, 39%; and ovarian cancer, 35%. Some benign diseases may also have elevated CA19-9: chronic pancreatitis 14%, cholelithiasis 11%, cirrhosis 17%, diabetes 10%, renal insufficiency 9%.
Ovarian tumor marker (CA 125) CA 125 is a glycoprotein contained in cancer cells, and has a high positive rate (97.1%) for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, so it is generally regarded as a marker for ovarian cancer. In endometriosis, CA 125 also shows a high value, with a positive rate of 78.8%. The positive rates of CA 125 in various tumors are as follows: cervical cancer, 20.9%; pancreatic cancer, 48.6%; biliary tract cancer, 38.1%; hepatocellular carcinoma, 42.9%; endometrial cancer, 37.5%; gastric cancer, 23.5%; colorectal cancer, 10.6%; lung cancer, 6.6%; and benign ovarian tumors, 23.1%
. 23.1%Tumor-specific growth factor (TSGF) >71U/L is considered positive. Those who are positive in the initial test should be rechecked every five weeks for three times, and if the concentration rises gradually, they should be considered to have a high chance of developing malignant tumors. TSGF can be used for screening of various malignant tumors, auxiliary diagnosis and observation of therapeutic effect, as well as differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors, and monitoring of disease.
Nuclear magnetic **** vibration Nuclear magnetic **** vibration Magnetic **** vibration imaging system used for medical diagnostic equipment, mainly contains magnets, gradient system, radio frequency system (including MRI spectrometer), computer system, patient system and so on. Magnet, that is, to the atomic nucleus plus an applied magnetic field, so that the atomic nucleus in human tissue to produce the corresponding vibration frequency; radio frequency system to provide the frequency and into the frequency of radio frequency pulses, so that the atomic nucleus occurs nuclear magnetic **** vibration; gradient system, computer system, and so on, and then complete the imaging, processing, etc.. Magnetic *** vibration imaging can be observed inside the human body arbitrary cross-section of a nucleus concentration or state of the image, through the accumulated knowledge and experience, the structure and physiological state of the imaging organization can be interpreted to understand the organization is normal? Is there a lesion?