Intermediate Engineer Essay Sample
Nowadays, everyone always inevitably have to contact or use the paper, right, the paper is a comprehensive style, through the paper can directly see a person's comprehensive ability and professional foundation. So the question is, how to write an excellent thesis? The following is my carefully organized thesis for intermediate engineers, welcome to learn and reference, I hope it will help you.
Abstract:
With the development of society, the design of modern architectural homes continues to develop in the direction of multi-functionality, which puts forward higher requirements for building electrical design, not only requires the formation of a complete theoretical system, while combining the needs of modern construction electrical design, but also need to increase the electrical system The safety of these design requirements, this paper focuses on several aspects of the electrical design of modern residential buildings to talk about, for reference only.
Keywords:
Building electrical design; features; energy saving
1, high-rise building electrical design features
For high-rise buildings, the electrical associated with the electrical equipment is not only complex and varied. Mainly includes: electrical lighting all the equipment; freight elevators, passenger elevators and other elevator equipment; living water pumps and fire pumps and other water supply and drainage equipment; cooling tower fans and water units and other refrigeration equipment; induced draft fan and blower and other boiler room equipment; exhaust fan, refrigerator and other kitchen electricity; air conditioning system including fan, fan, fan return, fan coil, including the power supply equipment; as well as the positive pressure fan, exhaust fan, such as fire protection equipment. Fire fighting equipment. In addition, different uses of high-rise buildings in the power consumption also varies, but the overall power consumption is relatively large, plus high-rise buildings, fire power, passenger elevator power, emergency lighting, etc., but also have separate independent power supply.
2, the main content of the electrical design of high-rise buildings
2.1 Calculation of the electrical load
The electrical load is how much is the power supply of high-rise buildings is an important parameter based on the design of the power supply, and the degree of accuracy of its calculation on the selection of reasonable equipment and to ensure that the power of the safe and reliable operation of the building can play an important role, and play an important role in energy saving. Efficacy. In general, the calculation of power load mainly takes the load density method and the need for coefficient method.
2.2 Low-voltage distribution system
The main wiring of the low-voltage distribution system should meet the following requirements:
1) When the operating switch on the high-voltage side of the substation of the building is not near the low-voltage distribution device or there is no operating switch (e.g., high-voltage drop-open fuse protection), the low-voltage side of the substation should be set up to be able to operate the main switch with a negative
Load operation;
2) When the operating switch is not near the low-voltage distribution device or there is no operating switch (such as high-voltage drop open fuse protection), the low-voltage side of the substation should be set up with negative
load operation.
In order to prevent electrical failure, causing damage to electrical equipment or lines, transformer distribution lines on the low-voltage side to be equipped with short-circuit protection, overload protection to cut off the power supply.
2.3 Power supply and voltage selection
In order to ensure the reliability of power supply in modern high-rise buildings, the setup of two relatively independent power supply is necessary, and the specific number of power supply can be based on the size of the load and the actual grid conditions to quantitative. Although the two power sources operate independently, but they are still virtually simultaneous power supply, each other standby. In addition, diesel generator sets should be installed for emergency backup to ensure that the power supply can be restored normally within 15s. In order to protect lighting, computers, elevators, fire fighting and other equipment accidental power, China's domestic high-rise buildings, the power supply voltage are used in the standard voltage, 10kV.
2.4 grounding and lightning protection design
In the modern high-rise building grounding design, as high-rise buildings are mostly chosen reinforced concrete shear wall, and the floor plate with a more reliable connection, focusing on the metal Piping work is guaranteed. In addition, in order to prevent the building by thundercloud electrostatic induction caused by 'high potential, should be larger metal objects in the building to be grounded in order to inductively generated charge introduced into the ground in a timely manner. In order to prevent the lightning current electromagnetic induction produces high voltage caused by sparks, parallel laying of long metal objects such as pipelines, steel bars in the frame, etc., every certain distance to use metal objects across and be grounded. In order to avoid lightning waves from the overhead transmission line intrusion damage to electrical equipment, the general use of lightning arrester. Lightning arrester is divided into two types of tube-type and valve-type, tube-type lightning arrester is mainly used in the overhead line, in the substation and distribution and civil buildings is used inside the valve-type lightning arrester.
2.5 Electrical Lighting Design
Electrical lighting design of high-rise buildings, mainly including the design of lamp modeling, lamps and lanterns, lighting degree of calculation, selection of light source type. Electrical lighting design is actually closely related to the building's decoration, so the two should be mutual illumination, mutual coordination, should ensure that the artistic mood and the use of functional unity.
Lighting engineering designers and manufacturers of fluorescent lamps and other HID lamps should pay attention to the use of inductive ballasts for fluorescent lamps and other HID lamps, the design documents should be clearly indicated with compensation capacitors, and the manufacturer should install the compensation capacitors in the lamps. Electronic ballasts have obvious energy-saving advantages and can be powered by industrial frequency or DC power supply. However, some products have poorer performance stability, shorter service life, and even higher harmonic content, which will cause serious harmonic interference phenomenon in the distribution system in the place where a large number of products are used. Especially some poor quality products, can not achieve the effect of energy saving. When using electronic ballasts, high-quality, reliable electronic ballast products should be selected. Individual designers in the design of fluorescent lamps and other gas discharge lamps in the power distribution system, lighting power load is calculated only according to the use of power of the light source, neither the power factor compensation capacitor, and even the ballast loss is not counted, according to this calculated current value will be 50% smaller than the actual current, which is very unsafe.
2.6 fire automatic fire extinguishing and alarm mechanism design
With the progress of science and technology, high-rise buildings in the automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing mechanism is gradually unified, and currently consists of five main parts: fire detectors, partition fire alarm controller, fire center, automatic sprinklers and gas automatic injection to ensure that the alarm and fire extinguishing automation system. In this process, the fire signal detected by the detector, and automatically turned into electrical signals, electrical signals into the partition alarm as well as the fire center, turned into sound and light alarm signals. And the whole fire command and monitoring is completed by the fire center. Due to the high-rise building fire electrical design across multiple disciplines, size, function and control range are increasingly complex, so the complexity of the design is also increasingly high.
2.7 elevator power design
Elevator machine room is generally above the shaft. Ordinary elevator shafts can be connected or set up openings connected. Elevator according to the use of the function is divided into passenger elevator and freight elevator; and according to the speed can be divided into ultra-high-speed, high-speed, fast and low-speed elevator; according to the current can be divided into DC and AC two kinds. In modern high-rise buildings in the use of elevators, in order to shorten the waiting time and improve the transport capacity, more ultra-high-speed or high-speed elevators, grouped to take control. In order to improve the comfort and stability of operation, the passenger elevator mostly adopts DC motor as the drive. In addition, in the electrical design of the elevator, you need to do a good job of the power distribution design, electrical lighting, select the main switch, set the socket, device ventilation and control and other related issues.
3, high-rise building electrical energy-saving design
With the exacerbation of China's population, the continuous development of industry, the consumption of energy is also increasing, is facing the problem of energy crisis. Therefore, all industries have been put forward the demand for energy saving, which is one of the important features in the electrical design of high-rise buildings.
3.1 to meet the use of the building function
The electrical design of high-rise buildings in the use of the function to meet the lighting in the color temperature, illuminance, color rendering index of the requirements of these aspects, air conditioning temperature and air volume should be satisfied, the use of the comfort and hygiene should be guaranteed; transport channels up and down and left and right should be unobstructed; some of the special technical aspects of the use of the requirements to be met. Such as the use of electricity in the casino, the exhibition hall of the process of lighting and electricity, etc..
3.2 Economic benefits need to be fully considered
Energy saving should also take into account the economic factors, the establishment of excessive increase in costs and inputs based on energy saving is not recommended. The focus of energy saving should be reflected in the electrical design, can be in a relatively short period of time through energy saving and can be cost return.
3.3 Reducing unnecessary energy consumption
It is important to identify what power consumption is not related to the function of the building, and then to consider the specific measures to be taken. In the design process, energy-saving measures should follow the principles of "economic rationality, practical value, advanced technology". As high-rise buildings consume large amounts of electricity, energy saving space is relatively large, should be fully considered in the design process. Therefore, in the selection of electrical energy-saving equipment, should be its performance, principles, effects and other factors to consider, both technically and economically, should be repeatedly compared, in the final selection of energy-saving equipment, in order to achieve real energy-saving effect.
4, Conclusion
In summary, the electrical design of urban buildings is a systematic work, the majority of electrical designers in the design should be carefully considered, repeatedly measured from the safety, reliability, economy and energy saving and other aspects of the comprehensive consideration, choose a reasonable power supply and distribution programs, to achieve the electrical system Economic operation. At the same time efforts to use mature, effective energy-saving technology, reasonable configuration of building energy-saving equipment, so as to achieve truly effective energy saving.
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