(1) Promote the transformation of economic growth from being driven mainly by investment and export to being driven by the coordination of consumption, investment and export. At present, China's demand structure is characterized by a high investment rate and a low consumption rate. in 2006, the consumption rate of the population fell to 36%, a historical low. The imbalance in the ratio of investment to consumption has made it impossible for residents' lives to improve in tandem with rapid economic growth, resulting in a limited domestic market and a relative surplus of production capacity. The continuing decline in the consumption rate has also imposed serious constraints on the expansion of domestic demand, making economic growth increasingly dependent on exports. Excessive foreign trade surpluses and excessive balance-of-payments surpluses have also resulted in excess domestic capital liquidity, which in turn has fueled high investment growth. Therefore, whether focusing on improving people's livelihood, or focusing on industrial restructuring and balance of payments, we must adhere to the expansion of domestic demand, encourage reasonable consumption, economic development based on the development of the domestic market, the formation of consumption, investment, exports and coordinated economic growth situation, and to promote the benign cycle of the national economy and the people's living standards continue to improve.
To enhance the role of consumption as a driving force for economic growth, it is necessary to improve income distribution policies and continuously increase the income of urban and rural residents. This requires us to adhere to and improve the distribution system in which distribution according to work is the mainstay and multiple distribution methods coexist, gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and make efforts to increase the income of low-income earners and expand the proportion of middle-income earners. Consumption policies should be adjusted and improved to stabilize residents' consumption expectations by accelerating the construction of the social security system, and to promote the expansion of immediate consumption by improving the consumption environment and enhancing residents' confidence in consumption. It is necessary to broaden the field of service-oriented consumption, constantly develop the urban and rural consumption markets, and continue to expand hotspot consumption such as housing, automobiles, communications, tourism, culture and fitness. At the same time, it is necessary to moderately control the scale of investment, optimize the investment structure, improve the efficiency of investment, and reasonably reduce the investment rate. To change the mode of foreign trade growth, adjust the structure of imports and exports, promote foreign trade and the balance of payments basic balance, so that consumption, investment, exports "troika" coordinated to play a role in driving growth.
Pushing forward the construction of a new socialist countryside and promoting the healthy development of urbanization is not only an urgent requirement for expanding domestic demand, but also an important way to change the mode of economic development. At present, farmers are still the main body of China's population, and the countryside is the potential of the domestic market. To maintain long-term stable and rapid economic development, we must pay more attention to solving the "three rural" problems, increase farmers' income through multiple channels, and vigorously develop the rural market, especially the rural consumer market. It is necessary to coordinate urban and rural development, establish a long-term mechanism for promoting agriculture with industry and bringing the countryside with the city, and form a new pattern of integration of urban and rural economic and social development. At the same time, we should take the road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and towns, and orderly transfer of surplus labor in rural areas, which is an important measure to raise the income of farmers and expand domestic demand.
(2) Promoting the transformation of economic growth from being mainly driven by the secondary industry to being synergistically driven by the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. In recent years, China's primary, secondary and tertiary industries have all developed greatly, but there are still problems such as a weak agricultural base, poor industrial quality, and lagging development of the service industry, etc. From 2002 to 2006, the added value of the nation's secondary industry accounted for 44.8% of the GDP, rising to 48.7%. At present, the added value of the tertiary sector accounts for only 39.5 per cent of GDP, and the proportion of employees in the service sector in the total employed population is only 32.2 per cent, which is not only much lower than that of developed countries, but also significantly lower than the average level of developing countries. In this regard, effective measures must be taken to solve the problem.
Promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, we should adhere to the new road of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, promote the integration of information technology and industrialization, consolidate the primary industry, expand the tertiary industry, upgrade the secondary industry, and develop a modern industrial system. First, we should accelerate the development of modern agriculture. Consolidate, improve and strengthen the policies of supporting and benefiting agriculture, and gradually achieve the goal of equipping agriculture with modern material conditions, transforming agriculture with modern science and technology, advancing agriculture with modern forms of management, developing agriculture by cultivating new types of farmers, raising the level of agricultural hydraulization, mechanization and informatization, improving the output rate of land, the utilization rate of resources and the productivity of agricultural labor, increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture, and taking the road of modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics. . Secondly, we should lose no time in developing modern service industry. Adhering to the direction of marketization, industrialization and socialization, we should accelerate the development of comprehensive transportation, modern logistics, finance and insurance, information service, science and technology service, business service and other productive service industries while continuing to develop the living service industries such as business and trade service, community service, tourism and culture, and residential industry, so as to increase the proportion and level of the service industry, and to develop the service industry into a dominant industry of the national economy as soon as possible. Again, we should vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industry. Relying on major projects, focusing on the organization of research and development, accelerate the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry; cultivate industrial clusters, and actively develop information, biology, new materials, modern energy, aerospace, marine engineering, environmental protection industry and other high-tech industries; seize the opportunity of structural adjustment, accelerate the elimination of iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemical industry, building materials, coal, electric power, and other industries of outdated production capacity, with high and new technology to transform and upgrade the traditional industries, to promote industry from big to strong.
Regional structure is the spatial distribution of industrial structure. While increasing the industrial structure adjustment, we must optimize the pattern of land development. To continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development, in-depth promotion of the western development, comprehensive revitalization of the northeastern region and other old industrial bases, vigorously promote the rise of the central region, and actively support the eastern region to take the lead in the development of the old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas of the development support efforts. It will strengthen territorial planning, improve regional policies and adjust the economic layout in accordance with the requirements for the formation of main functional zones for optimized development, key development, restricted development and prohibited development. With the direction of giving full play to the comparative advantages of various regions, it promotes industrial division of labor and collaboration, and forms a mutually beneficial, ****same development pattern with the enterprise as the main body and the market as the link. Focusing on enhancing the comprehensive carrying capacity, it will form city clusters with a large radiation effect and cultivate new economic growth poles. With the goal of realizing the equalization of basic public ****services, it attaches great importance to and gradually alleviates the problem of regional development disparities, and promotes the ****enjoyment of the fruits of development by the people of all regions.
(3) Promoting the transformation of economic growth from relying mainly on increasing the consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improving the quality of labor, and management innovation. The key to accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development is to comprehensively improve the ability of independent innovation and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. After years of efforts, China's scientific and technological innovation has achieved obvious results, but in general, independent innovation is insufficient, the level of transformation is not high, and there is still a large gap between labor productivity and economic efficiency and the international advanced level. Whether it is from the trend of intensifying international competition in science and technology, or from the reality of the domestic low-cost competitive advantage of the weakening, we must rely more on scientific and technological progress, improve the quality of labor and management innovation to drive the historical stage of economic development.
There are more factors affecting China's scientific and technological innovation, but the most important is the combination of science and technology and the economy is not close enough. To solve this problem, comprehensive measures must be taken. In accordance with the requirements of building an innovative country, conscientiously implement the national medium- and long-term scientific and technological development plan, increase the financial investment in independent innovation and policy support, and urgently organize the implementation of major scientific and technological special projects, focusing on breakthroughs in key technologies that constrain economic and social development. It is necessary to promote the construction of a national innovation system, and support basic research, cutting-edge technological research and technological research of social public welfare. It is necessary to accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system that is enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, and combines production, learning and research, so that enterprises can truly become the main body of R&D investment and independent innovation. We should continue to implement the plan of action for the scientific quality of all people, vigorously improve the scientific and technological and cultural quality of workers, and give full play to the advantages of China's human resources in economic development.
To realize this transformation, energy conservation and emission reduction must be taken as an important hand. In accordance with the requirements of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, we must urgently improve the laws and policies conducive to the conservation of energy and resources and the protection of the ecological environment, accelerate the formation of a sustainable development system and mechanism, implement the most stringent land management system, and improve the mechanism for energy saving, water saving and material saving. It is necessary to vigorously develop and promote advanced and applicable technologies for conservation, substitution, recycling and pollution control, develop clean energy and renewable energy, protect land and water resources, accelerate the construction of a scientific and reasonable system for the utilization of energy resources, and improve the efficiency of energy resource utilization. To increase pollution control, the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection key projects, focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of water, air, soil and other pollution, and actively control greenhouse gas emissions, so that the people drink clean water, breathe clean air, eat safe food, and live in a good environment.
The "three transformations" put forward in the Report put forward new and higher requirements for economic development, mainly in terms of demand structure, industrial structure and factor structure, which are the key tasks and basic ways to transform the mode of economic development in the current and future periods. Accelerating the "three changes" and gradually forming a new pattern of coordinated speed, quality and efficiency, coordinated consumption, investment and export, coordinated population, resources and environment, and coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions, will effectively promote economic development into a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development track, and realize the goal of good and rapid development.
While the Report makes a comprehensive deployment of economic construction, it also puts forward clear requirements for social construction, and puts forward new major policies and measures centered on solving problems in education, employment, income distribution, social security, medical care and health care that affect the immediate interests of the masses, fully embodying the Party's fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. Social development and economic development are closely related. By giving priority to the development of education and raising the level of education for all and the training of innovative talents, human resources will be safeguarded for modernization. By actively expanding employment and supporting the employment and entrepreneurship of workers, social vitality can be enhanced. By adjusting the pattern of income distribution and increasing the incomes of middle- and low-income earners, it will help mobilize the enthusiasm of hardworking people to become rich. By accelerating the development of social security and establishing a social security system covering urban and rural residents, it will help to safeguard people's basic livelihood. By strengthening medical and health care and promoting basic medical and health services for all, the health level and quality of all people will be improved. In short, through the development of social undertakings focusing on improving people's livelihood, it can directly increase the income of urban and rural residents, stimulate consumption, expand domestic demand, promote the development of related industries, especially the tertiary industry, and gradually realize the coordinated development of the economy and society, so as to create conditions for accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development.
Three, improve the socialist market economic system is to achieve good and rapid development of the national economy is an important guarantee
Unswervingly promote reform and opening up, accelerate the improvement of the socialist market economic system, is the Report highlights the important content. The key to accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development is to deepen the reform of the economic system, give full play to the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources under the state's macro-control, stimulate the strong vitality of the socialist market economy, and establish and improve the system and mechanism that is conducive to independent innovation and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, so as to provide the institutional basis for scientific development. The Report focuses on the outstanding contradictions and problems affecting sound and rapid development, and makes key arrangements for improving the socialist market economic system.
One is to deepen the reform of the fiscal, taxation and financial systems and improve the macro-control system. Since the 1990s, China's fiscal and taxation reforms have continued to advance, strongly supporting economic and social development. After the implementation of the tax reform, the proportion of the central government's revenue has increased, but the original expenditure structure has not yet been adjusted in place, and is not yet able to meet the needs of the realization of the equalization of basic public **** services. Practice has shown that the current fiscal and taxation system, which is dominated by the value-added tax (VAT), has made it difficult to prevent some localities from blindly developing processing industries, especially heavy industries, which have a large revenue-raising effect, regardless of the conditions of resources and the environment. If we do not deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, further define the central and local authority and financial authority, adopt differentiated economic policies in accordance with the requirements of the main functional zones, and eliminate the motivation of administrative forces interfering in economic development, it will be difficult for the national economy to realize sound and rapid development. To implement the spirit of the Report, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the budgetary system in accordance with the principle that the fulfillment of duties is relative to the provision of resources, and accelerate the formation of a unified, standardized and transparent financial transfer and payment system; to formulate and implement differentiated fiscal and taxation policies and performance evaluation systems around the promotion of the construction of main functional zones, so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic policies; and to deepen tax reforms and guide the main bodies of economic activities to move towards the main functional zones, in accordance with the principles of a simplified tax system, a broad tax base, a low tax rate, and strict tax administration. reform, and guide the main body of economic activity to follow the path of scientific development.
Finance is the core of modern economy. The gradual deepening of China's financial reform has promoted modernization. However, under the new situation of increasingly close links and interactions between domestic and foreign financial markets, the problems of the financial system and structure not adapting to economic and social development are becoming increasingly apparent, and the task of safeguarding financial security is quite onerous. In accordance with the requirements of the Report, we should speed up the pace of reform of the financial system, and focus on building a modern financial system with multiple ownership systems and multiple forms of operation, a reasonable structure, perfect functions, and high efficiency and security. It is necessary to expand the scale of the capital market, optimize the structure of the capital market, and increase the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the banking, securities and insurance industries, improve the efficiency of financial operation and the operating efficiency of financial enterprises, and enhance the competitiveness and service level of the financial industry. To improve the level of financial supervision, timely resolution of financial risks, and effectively safeguard financial security.
In the operation of China's socialist market economy, national planning has an irreplaceable and comprehensive coordinating role in maintaining macroeconomic stability. We must urgently reform and improve the planning system, improve the preparation procedures, improve the management and implementation mechanism of the national medium- and long-term planning and annual planning, and form a planning system with economic and social development planning as the overarching theme, and various types of planning with a clear positioning, complementary functions, and effective articulation. Give full play to the guiding role of national development planning, planning and industrial policy in macroeconomic regulation and control, and comprehensively utilize fiscal and monetary policies to improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and control.
The second is to accelerate the formation of a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. The modern market system with complete categories, perfect functions, unity, openness and orderly competition is an important part of the socialist market economic system. The construction of China's market system has achieved obvious results, but there is still a gap compared with the requirements of building a modern market system. The Report calls for the development of markets for various factors of production. The main ones are: to strengthen the basic system construction of the capital market, and to solve the contradiction that the capital market is not adapted to economic development. Reform and improve the way the government manages the land market, and the right to use land for business purposes should always be sold through bidding, auction and listing, so as to improve the efficiency of land use. Actively develop the human resources market, establish and improve the market-oriented employment mechanism and service system, and guide the reasonable flow of labor. Improve and perfect the technology market, protect intellectual property rights and promote the transformation of technological achievements.
The price formation mechanism for resources and factors is imperfect and fails to reflect the true costs of resource utilization and factor use, which is not conducive to resource conservation and protection, nor is it conducive to the rational allocation of factors of production. Transforming the mode of economic development, we must deepen the price reform, rationalize the resource price system, and improve the price formation mechanism of factors of production and resources to reflect the market supply and demand, the degree of scarcity of resources, and the cost of environmental damage. The current focus is to rationalize the prices of water, electricity, oil, gas, land, etc., deepen the reform of capital, foreign exchange and other factor prices, and steadily push forward the marketization of interest rates, and continue to improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism.
Social credit system is the foundation of the modern market system, the establishment of a sound social credit system is to regulate the order of China's market economy, the fundamental policy. To combine the rectification and standardization of market order, to improve credit, tax, contract fulfillment, product quality credit record as the focus, through moral construction, property rights reform and legal constraints, to accelerate the construction of social credit service system, improve and strictly implement the system of punishment for breach of trust. The level of development and standardization of market intermediary organizations is a sign of the maturity and modernization of the market system. It is necessary to actively develop independent and impartial, standardized operation, market-recognized industry associations and specialized intermediary service institutions, and play a due role in the industry.
Thirdly, the basic economic system should be further improved. The Report, on the basis of adhering to the "two unwavering", further proposes to adhere to the equal protection of the right to property, the formation of all kinds of ownership of the economy, equal competition, and promote each other's new pattern, which is a further deepening of China's understanding of the basic economic system. Equal protection of property rights fundamentally confirms and guarantees fair competition as a basic principle of the socialist market economy. Adherence to the basic economic system and equal competition and mutual promotion of all kinds of ownership economies are organically unified. Only if the public-owned economy always dominates the main position, can we fundamentally safeguard the socialist nature of our country; only if all kinds of ownership market players compete on an equal footing and mutually promote each other, can we always maintain and constantly enhance the advantages and vitality of China's basic economic system.
To improve the basic economic system, we must deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and state-owned asset management system. In order to enhance the vitality, control and influence of the state-owned economy as a focus, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, accelerate the construction of the state-owned capital management budget system, and further promote the strategic adjustment of the state-owned economic layout and structure. For electric power, telecommunications, civil aviation and other industries that have already introduced competition mechanisms, further separating monopolistic and competitive businesses. For other relevant industries and urban public utilities, accelerate the separation of government and enterprises, government and capital, and government affairs. For competitive businesses, access should be relaxed, and for monopoly businesses, diversified shareholding by state-owned legal entities should be implemented.
Improving the basic economic system should encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy. The key is to effectively implement the State's guidelines and policies for the development of non-publicly owned economy, to further remove institutional barriers to the development of non-publicly owned economy, focusing on solving the outstanding problems faced by the development of non-publicly owned economy, such as difficulties in access to industries and difficulties in financing, to improve the services for non-publicly owned enterprises, and to protect the lawful rights and interests of enterprises according to the law. At the same time, strengthen guidance and management, and promote enterprises to operate in accordance with the law.
Fourth, we insist on the implementation of the opening-up strategy of mutual benefit***win. In recent years, we have seized the opportunity of the development of economic globalization to form an all-round, multi-level, wide-area pattern of opening up to the outside world. At present, as China's foreign trade and absorption of foreign investment continues to increase, opening up to the outside world has entered a new stage of comprehensive two-way flow of commodities and factors, domestic and foreign economic ties are becoming increasingly close, the mutual influence of the deepening of the economic interests of each other intertwined, China's foreign economic relations are undergoing significant changes. It is necessary to integrate the two domestic and international situations, establish an international perspective, strengthen strategic thinking, grasp the opportunities for development, address the risks and challenges, and create a favorable environment to better utilize the two international and domestic markets and two types of resources, improve the open economic system, and promote the transformation of the mode of economic development and the sound and rapid development of the national economy.
The Report emphasizes that the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world should be adhered to, and "bringing in" and "going out" should be better combined. To accelerate the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, based on quality, adjust the import and export structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and vigorously develop trade in services. Optimize the structure of exports, pay attention to the positive role of imports on the national economy, reasonable imports of domestic shortages of technology, equipment, resources and other products.
To further improve the quality and level of foreign capital absorption, better absorb foreign advanced technology, management experience, high-quality talent and capital. Encourage conditional enterprises to "go out", and actively carry out international business, improve the support for foreign investment and cooperation of enterprises in finance and taxation, credit, foreign exchange, insurance and other policies. Foreign investment enterprises should abide by local laws, participate in public welfare, and maintain corporate reputation and national image.
To strengthen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, actively carry out mutually beneficial cooperation in international energy resources, and promote regional and sub-regional economic cooperation; improve fair trade policies, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, implement the strategy of free trade zones, and strive to form mutually beneficial and complementary relationships with countries around the world, especially developing countries.
The more we open up to the outside world, the more prominent the issue of safeguarding national economic security and economic and trade interests becomes. We must always firmly grasp the initiative of opening up to the outside world, and be adept at grasping the direction of development in the interconnectedness of the domestic and international situations, utilizing the opportunities for development in the mutual transformation of domestic and international conditions, and creating the conditions for development in the complementary advantages of domestic and international resources. To adapt to the requirements of an open economy, the establishment of control and response mechanisms to integrate the internal and external economy, better handle the relationship between domestic development and opening up to the outside world, to grasp the extent of key areas and sensitive industries open to foreign investment, to guard against international economic risks, and to safeguard the country's economic security.
To implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the CPC and realize the sound and rapid development of the national economy, we must grasp several important links. First, we must carefully study the Report, comprehensively and accurately understand and grasp the essence of its spirit, and truly unify our thinking and understanding of the spirit of the central government, and unify to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, and to promote the good and fast development of the national economy decision-making and deployment up. Secondly, we should further strengthen the organizational leadership, give full play to the vanguard and exemplary role of the Party leaders and cadres at all levels and the masses of Party members, put the implementation of the scientific concept of development in economic work into an important position, and carry out the responsibility of accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development and perfecting the socialist market economic system. Thirdly, the work style should be effectively changed, and the cadres, especially the leading cadres, should go deep into the grassroots and the masses to understand the new situation and solve the new problems, and implement the important tasks of expanding domestic demand, adjusting the structure, energy conservation and emission reduction, and independent innovation. Fourth, we must accelerate the improvement of institutional mechanisms, improve the comprehensive evaluation system of regional economic and social development and cadres assessment and evaluation system, the implementation of comprehensive and coordinated sustainable development policies and measures. In short, we should be innovative, solid work, and strive to mobilize the enthusiasm of all aspects of scientific development, and strive to solve all the constraints on the scientific development of the outstanding problems, to ensure the realization of the national economy and rapid development.