"In recent years I left home, alone in a strange city to fight, laundry and cooking need to run their own, but the pace of work is too fast, I really hate to eat and laundry time are squeezed out to make money. Fast food restaurants and dry cleaners have become my most frequent stores. Outside the district door of the Aubersen technology dry cleaning gave me a different dry cleaning experience, every time I work late into the night, I will use the cell phone APP self-service order, a piece of clothing 20 to 30 yuan, and you can also use the phone real-time view of the progress of the dry cleaning of clothing, which allows me to pick up the clothes in a more accurate and timely manner, without wasting time. Although the customer flow of the store will not be very large, but the owner's wife said that their operating income is very objective, hundreds of thousands of dollars a year down is not a problem. Equipment investment is also in 3-4 million cost is not high this is really let me this hard working outside, small white-collar envy. It turns out that Aubersen technology dry cleaning is online and offline online store and physical store colleagues operating. The customers of the offline physical stores are mostly elderly people near the neighborhood, while the customers on the line have a greater proportion of consumption. Intelligent robot welcome reception, so that the store futuristic, but also eliminates the store welcome staff employment costs, intelligent robot people networking management mode, so that customers can completely self-service order and pick up clothes, efficient and convenient. No wonder Aubersen technology dry cleaning will be so hot. The whole set of equipment is also more than 30,000, cost-effective
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Apple has the reputation of "wisdom fruit" and "memory fruit". People have long found that eating more apples has the effect of enhancing memory and improving intelligence. Apples are not only rich in sugar, vitamins and minerals and other essential nutrients for the brain, and more importantly, rich in zinc. According to research, zinc is the body of many important enzyme components, is to promote growth and development of key elements, zinc is also the composition of memory and closely related to the nucleic acids and proteins of the indispensable elements, zinc is also with the production of antibodies to improve the human body immune system has a close relationship.
The water content in apples is 85%.
Apple contains polyphenols and flavonoids natural chemical antioxidants and a large amount of crude fiber.
Contains a high amount of potassium, which can combine with the body's excess sodium salts, so that they are excreted from the body. When the body intake of sodium salt is too much, eat some apples, is conducive to balancing the electrolytes in the body.
Contains phosphorus and iron and other elements, easy to be absorbed by the intestinal wall, there is a brain nourishing blood, tranquility and sleep.
The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depressing feeling. Experts after many tests found that, among the many odors, the apple's aroma has the greatest psychological impact on people, it has a significant role in eliminating psychological depression. Clinical use has proved that the mental depression patients smell apple aroma, the state of mind greatly improved, the spirit of relaxation and happiness, depressed mood can be eliminated.
Malic acid in apples has a whitening effect. Many people are concerned about the risk of the acidity of apples corroding their teeth, apples with cheese can limit the acidity in apples. Eating apples can also help clean your teeth effectively.
Consumed raw or cooked, and made into dried fruit, jams and jellies, apples are used in many sweet dishes.
Before eating raw or cooking, it's a good idea to scrub apples under cold water. The flesh will oxidize and turn black if exposed to air. To prevent oxidization, eat them quickly or cook them according to their specific use.
Cook apples in plenty of water over moderate heat. To increase the speed, cut the apples into slices and microwave them for 2 minutes. Depending on the type of apple, add sugar and other types of fruit. When apples are cooked, the amount of natural antioxidants in polyphenols increases dramatically, which can lower blood sugar, fight inflammation and sterilize the body.
1, slowing down the aging: red dragon fruit in the high content of anthocyanins, anthocyanins is a potent antioxidant, antioxidant, anti-free radicals, anti-aging effect, but also inhibit the degeneration of brain cells, the prevention of dementia.
Generally, except for the winter cold period, other seasons can be grafted. Because the winter and spring seasons are cold and damp for a long time, grafting wounds are not only difficult to heal, but also expand and jeopardize the plant. Therefore, grafting time is best selected in March-October, so that there is sufficient healing and growth period, and conducive to the next year's fruit.
3. Grafting before the drug treatment
Grafting knife used in alcohol or white wine should be sterilized to prevent infection. Conditional available. [3]
4. Grafting method
3. Pre-grafting medication
Grafting knife and other small knives should be sterilized with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional available. [3]?
4. Grafting methods
a. Flat joint method
With a sharp knife in the three prongs of the Lemna at the appropriate height of a horizontal cut, and then the three prongs for the 30-40 degree cut, with the disinfected cactus thorns into the middle of the vascular bundle of the rootstock, will be cut flat scion connected to the other end of the thorns, spines will be connected to the scion and the rootstock, rootstock and scion as close as possible without leaving gaps, to avoid bacterial infections unfavorable healing, and then the scion will not leave a gap. Avoid bacterial infection is not conducive to healing, and then add a thorn on each side of the fixed, and then tied with a fine line around the base.
b.wedge method
In the rootstock with a sterilized knife at the top of the longitudinal cut a crack, but should not be too deep, and then the scion of the lower part of the blade with a sterilized cut into duckbill shape, cut immediately after the insertion of the rootstock in the cracks, with plastic adhesive paper to be fixed, and then set of plastic bags to maintain the humidity of the air, conducive to the survival of the 20 days after the observation of grafted growth, if you can maintain the fresh fresh and bright green, that is, alive. One month after the nursery.
Pot plant
The germination temperature of dragon fruit seeds is about 25 ℃.
To choose a culture soil with relatively young and fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.
Make sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow during germination.
To make a stylized small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially around the edges, otherwise they will lose their beauty when planted out sparsely.
If the pot does not have a bottom hole, do not use a watering can to water directly in order to avoid overwatering, 2-3 days with a spray can spray water once can be.?
Including peaches, plums, apricots, cherries and so on. The fruit consists of the outer wall of the ovary forming the exocarp, the middle wall developing into fruiting flesh, and the inner wall forming a lignified kernel. The kernel usually contains a seed. The edible part is the mesocarp.
3. Berry fruit trees
Including kiwifruit, raspberries, pomegranates, grapes and so on. The fruit is juicy, the seeds are small and numerous, distributed in the pulp, most of which are not resistant to storage. This type of fruit due to different tree species, fruit structure varies greatly. Its representative species of grapes, the fruit developed from the ovary, the exocarp membranous, in the endocarp soft and juicy. The edible part of the endocarp.
4. Nut fruit trees
Including walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, ginkgo and so on. It is characterized by the fruit outside more with a hard shell, the shell has seeds. The edible part is mostly seeds, containing little moisture, resistant to storage and transportation, commonly known as dry fruit.
5. persimmon date fruit trees
Exocarp membranous, mesocarp fleshy. Jujube endocarp forming the kernel, the edible part is the mesocarp; persimmon endocarp fleshy and tough, the edible part is the mesocarp.
Including citrus, tangerine, orange, grapefruit and so on. The fruit develops from the ovary, the exocarp is leathery with oil cells, the endocarp is white and spongy, and the endocarp is a succulent vesicle valve. The edible part of the endocarp is the vesicle. Most of the fruit is resistant to storage and transportation.
2. Others
Including lychee, longan, loquat, prunes, coconut, twigs and oil pears.
Perennial herbaceous fruit trees
Including bananas, pineapples, strawberries and so on.
(1) the nutritional health care function of fruit Fruits are rich in nutrients, both containing a variety of vitamins and inorganic salts, but also contains sugar, starch, protein, fat, organic acids, aromatic substances, etc., is the human body's growth and development and nutrition must be material. According to nutritionists, each person needs 70 ~ 80kg of fruit per year to meet the normal needs of the human body.
(2) the medical function of the fruit Many fruits and seeds can be medicinal, with therapeutic effects. Such as walnuts, lychee, longan, etc. is a good tonic; pear cream, persimmon cream is often used in medicine; almonds, peach kernels, tangerine Luo, etc. is an important traditional Chinese medicine; guava can cure diabetes, lower cholesterol.
(3) the ecological and environmental benefits of fruit trees Fruit trees are generally adaptable, not only can be planted in the plains, riverbanks, roads, rural gardens in front of the back of the house, but also in the sandy wasteland, hills, mudflats, etc., planting appropriate fruit trees, not only to increase economic income, but also to prevent soil erosion, increase the green coverage area, adjust the climate, and thus the greening, landscaping, and purification of the environment.
(4) fruit trees are important raw materials for the food industry and chemical industry Fruit in addition to fresh food, the fruit can also be processed into fruit preserves, fruit juice, preserves, jams, canned goods, fruit wine, fruit vinegar and so on. Some of the hard shell of the fruit can be made of activated carbon, some fruit tree leaves, bark, peel can be refined dyes or tannins, orange peel, orange blossom can be refined essential oils. The wood of many fruit trees is an excellent material for the defense industry, construction industry and carving craft.
(5) the economic benefits of fruit trees Fruit trees are an important part of agriculture, with the adjustment of the rural industrial structure and liberalization of the market for agricultural products, especially in the hilly, mountainous, sandy wasteland, etc., the development of fruit tree production in accordance with local conditions to the farmers can bring considerable benefits, our country has a wealth of resources of fruit trees, fruit tree production in the international market has a very strong competitiveness is an important source of agricultural exports of foreign exchange. Important source.
One, variety selection Excellent varieties of saplings to be pure, to adapt to the local natural environmental conditions. The development of new fruit tree varieties to the relevant scientific research departments and experts to consult, do not trust the ads and select seeds by ear. General scientific research units and departments in charge of the supply of seedlings is relatively reliable, the individual sales of seedlings must be clear about the source of seedlings or scion source, to confirm the credibility of the purchase. [1]
Two, watch the root system The root system of the excellent fruit tree seedlings should have more lateral roots and fibrous roots, and evenly distributed. First and second level seedlings should have more than three lateral roots, the root system can not lose water.
Three, specification selection Excellent fruit tree seedlings height of 1 ~ 1.3 meters is appropriate, ground diameter (interface above 10 cm) 0.8 ~ 1 cm. Grape seedlings ground diameter of not less than 0.6 cm.
Four, germination condition There must be more than 6 full and full leaf buds in the shaping belt below the fixed stem position in order to send out good branches after the fixed stem, and the grape seedling must have 3 to 4 full buds with high maturity.
Fifth, with or without pests and diseases Select seedlings without pests and diseases, is a quarantine range of seedlings to have a quarantine certificate. Never introduce the quarantine object of disease, insects, grass pests, or the consequences are endless.
Sixth, there is no mechanical damage to select seedlings without mechanical damage, in particular, there can not be a rupture of the rootstock, grafting mouth fracture phenomenon.
seven, maturity seedling maturity should be high, should have the characteristics of this variety of skin color and leaf color, less fur on the branches and trunks, do not take the autumn shoots and leaves, in order to improve the ability to resist the cold.
Eight, moisturizing condition to choose the root skin fresh, no wrinkled skin, not dry saplings, in particular, to prevent the spraying of saline freshness of the saplings, so as not to reduce the survival rate.
nine, grafting rootstock various fruit trees have certain rootstock requirements, such as broad-skinned citrus rootstock to Hovenia as appropriate, navel orange rootstock to sour orange, orange, small red orange, soil lemon as appropriate, grapefruit rootstock to sour grapefruit as appropriate, pear rootstock to tang pear, bean pear as appropriate, peach and plum rootstock to hairy peach, peach as appropriate, loquat and poplar rootstock is appropriate to use the live propagation of seedling as rootstock. Rootstock improper affinity is not strong, hindering the development of saplings.
Management
Editorial
Winter fruit trees after the fall of leaves to the following year before budding for the dormant period of fruit trees. At this time almost all the fruit tree pests and diseases began to hide in the overwintering nest, do not eat and do not move, into hibernation. Therefore, this is the best time of the year to control fruit tree pests and diseases. First, clean up the garden some diseases such as soft rot, gray mold and mildew and some pests such as red spider, stem borers, green bugs and other insect pests, most of these germs and pests hide in the dead branches, leaves, weeds and garden debris on the winter. Therefore, after fruit harvesting or leaf fall, the orchard should be cleaned up in time. First cut off the tree branches, dead branches, insect pods, stiff fruit, etc.; and then sweep the tree under the fallen leaves, fallen fruit, while cleaning up the garden around the debris and to be buried, destroyed or made compost, so that the basic elimination of these debris in the overwintering pests or pathogens.
Two, the garden soil deep turning fruit trees on the Golden Tortoise, peach small heartworm, boat-shaped caterpillar, oblique night eagle, tigress and yellow jumping beetles and other adult, larvae or pupa form hide in the soil over winter, some fruit tree diseases such as wilt, yellow wilt and other pathogens are mycelium, mycorrhizal and spore form hide in the form of the soil over winter. Through the soil winter turning measures, can be powerful to destroy its overwintering nest, so that it is exposed to the surface of the soil and frozen to death. Tilling depth of 15-25 centimeters is appropriate, if too deep easy to hurt the roots. After deep turning the tree plate should be watered in time to preserve moisture, but also to apply sufficient fertilizer.
Three, eradication of weeds some pests such as aphids are hidden in the field weeds and soil gaps in the winter, when the next spring season, the pests and then migrated to the fruit tree damage. Therefore, the eradication of field weeds can effectively eliminate the source of insects. This measure can be combined with the deep turning of the garden soil.
Four, strengthen the facilities in the pest control of some fruits such as strawberries, etc., the use of plastic greenhouses and other protected cultivation, to the overwintering of the pests to create a good overwintering conditions for survival, and therefore strengthen the greenhouse internal pest control, to reduce the source of pests, is of great significance.
Han Qingping." Tiyi walked into the moonlight like water, the water flowed and shone, the sparse shadow was like floating duckweed, extremely beautiful. However, the second half of the poem is ostentatious, Dong Po in the flowers of the wine, said "the city of thin wine can not drink, advise you and suck the moon in the cup. Cave xiao sound breaks in the moonlight, but worry about the moon drop wine cup empty. This is "sparse." The "complicated" is derived from "Hao like spring snow branches" or "red powder branches 10,000 heavy". Secondly, it is said that its beauty can be gifted to guests, and Yu Xin used the term "Red Qiong". Qiong" is a beautiful jade, describing the apricot blossoms as glistening and moist as jade and being dyed red, expressing the meaning of "red apricot red in dye". But the people of literature a little play imagination, it is used to the skin color of a beautiful woman: "clouds with the jasper song, snow around the red Qiong dance sleeve back", the dance sleeve under the cover of the "snow around the red Qiong", is how beautiful a section of the skin, and "a cup of wine, the flower shadow greasy. Invite guests to get drunk. Red Qiong *** for smoky Mei", is the scene in the green house. If so, the apricot blossom injustice is likely to start from the "Red Qiong" this metaphor.
[13]?
The beauty of the apricot blossom, there were actually several stages, the so-called "apricot blossom look red not white", first full buds are not released when the red, said "red wax half calyx", exaggerated, is "buds branch blood point dry", very much to be released tension. Then the first release, just as soon as the bloom becomes light into light pink, but the powder thin red light cover convergence shy, containing the stamen is still protecting the rouge color, which is "like suspected of the wind and sun tight, protect this rouge point. And apricot blossom rain tender, blossom must be accompanied by spring rain, the so-called "apricot blossom news in the sound of rain", the rain is fine only apricot blossom fragrance. At first it is a dark fragrance, in the rain, detached flowers, containing stamens gradually stretch into a rouge tears, the darker the fragrance of the higher. Then, after the rain, sunny skies and smoky days, flower color white, surplus when the snow apricot, in fact, there is no longer implicit. At this time, the group branch snow flourish, the aroma is no longer dark, has been densely gathered for the scarlet scent; and the remnants of the fragrant rosy, there is no wind fear of falling from the zero. And then after that, is the wind blowing mess, half down the spring breeze half in the branch. This kind of originally subtle shy delicate flower, who is hateful, will lead it to the "wind flow tree"? [The first is the "I'm not sure what I'm talking about".]
Imagine, at first, may be related to the Sheng Tang Dynasty scholar to the apricot garden first meeting, called the "flower feast". It was the late Tang poet Xue Neng (817?-?) who actually named it the "Tree of Fortune", in which he wrote about the apricot tree. In his writing, the apricot blossom became a prostitute who took advantage of the springtime to sell sex: "The living color and fragrance of the first-class, the hands moved close to the green house. Who knows that the sex will eventually be lost, and the chaotic spring breeze will not stop laughing." Too naked. Subsequently, Wu Rong implicitly used "a branch of red apricots out of the wall, the wall outside the line is alone sad. Growing up seems to be hateful, but it is even more difficult to stay in the place where you meet". And "thin pink and red light to hide the shyness" is actually also Wu Rong's description, his apricot poem is, "thin pink and red light to hide the shyness, the flowers accounted for the break to get the wind flow. Soft not because of drunkenness are powerless, condensation is not a song also from the sadness. When I am alone in the shadow, I am by the water, and when I am most in love, I am out of the wall. Wandering all day hard to become a goodbye, wait until dusk to the restaurant", more flavor. Wu Rong dissatisfaction should be, most of the descendants have remembered the Southern Song Dynasty Ye Shaoweng's "spring garden full of color can not be closed, a branch of red apricots out of the wall," and do not know "a branch of red apricots out of the wall" was his original in the late Tang Dynasty.
[13]?
Fan Chengda (1126-1193) of the Southern Song Dynasty was relatively generous, writing several poems about apricot blossoms, including one that reads, "The red powdered branches weigh ten thousand pounds, and are always alone in the east wind. If I were to repay the spring's scoundrels, I would pay them with a song in the midst of the boiling water." This is a very meaningful way to categorize everything as "repaying spring's scoundrels." [13]?
[13]?
Allusion
Yangzhou Fu Zhi talked about, Kaiyuan, Yangzhou Taiping Garden contains dozens of apricot trees, every time in full bloom, the governor of the feast, called dozens of prostitutes, stood next to each apricot tree, set up a pavilion, the name of the "fight for spring". After the banquet, some people heard the sound of sighing apricot flowers.
Tang Dynasty Nanzhuo "Capricorn Drum Records" tells the story of a "Capricorn Drum flowers", said Tang Xuanzong good Capricorn Drum, had traveled to the other hall, see the willow apricot buds want to spit, sighed and said: "this scene, not with the judgment." Because of the order of Gao Li Si to fetch the capricorn drum, Lin Xuan percussion, and homemade "spring" a song, when Xuan played, look back, the temple in the willow apricot this time blossom, seems to have the intention of repayment. Xuanzong see, smiling to the palace said: "on this piece of strange things, is not still should call me for God?"
February Flower God: Some places are rumored to be the flint man, who taught people to take the fire of jujube and apricot cooking. In other places, Yang Yuhuan, one of the four great beauties, is the god of apricot blossoms. After the An Lushan Rebellion was quelled, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to bury Yang Guifei and saw a forest of apricot blossoms under the Mawei Slope, so later people called Yang Yuhuan the god of apricot blossoms.
Flower language
The flower language and symbolism of the apricot blossom represents the meaning of: a young girl's admiration, shyness, doubt.
The apricot blossom has the characteristic of changing color, when budding, all bright red, with the stretching of the petals, the color from the thick gradually turn pale, to the shedding of the snow white piece. "White is not really white, red is not as red. Please look beyond the red and white to the heavenly work." This is the Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli's apricot five poems, his observation of the apricot blossom is very meticulous. Apricot blossoms due to spring and hair, spring and pass away, both gorgeous and brilliant infinite scenery, there are also withered and empty pathos, different poets due to different life situations, the apricot blossom association of feelings are also varied: some people in the custody of the traveler to feel the warmth of the warmth of the apricot blossoms in full bloom, some people in the despair in the discovery of apricot blossoms blossom in the shadowy gray, some people in the after all the ups and downs of the apricot blossom sighs of loneliness of the desolate desolate, and also some people in the The love of parting when complaining about the apricot blossom withering of the pale and merciless ...... where such and such, to name but a few.
The person who likes this flower or is blessed by this flower: the appearance is very different from the inside, the appearance of the weak, shy, but inside the heart but contains a sensitive thinking and incomparable strength, is the girl who can withstand the wind and waves. Since young, the family care, used to be loved, but do not know how to take the initiative to love and care for others
Plants clustered, with runners, short-type height of less than 3.5 meters, generally less than 2 meters high, high type of 4 to 5 meters high, pseudostems are green and with black spots, white powder, especially the upper part of the more.
Leaf blade oblong, 2 to 2.2 meters long, 60 to 70 centimeters wide, apex obtuse-rounded, base nearly rounded, symmetrical on both sides, leaf surface dark green, without white powder, leaf back light green, covered with white powder; petiole short and thick, usually less than 30 centimeters long, leaf wings are remarkable, open, margin maroon or bright red. Spikes pendulous, inflorescence axis densely brown tomentose, bracts outside purplish red, whitish powdered, inside crimson, but base slightly paler, glossy, male bracts not deciduous, each bract containing 2 columns of flowers. Flowers creamy white or slightly light purple, free tepals suborbicular, entire, apex with conical acute tip, the middle two lateral lobules of the connate tepals are long, about 1/2 as long as the central lobe.
The largest fruiting clusters have as many as 360 fruits, weighing as much as 32 kilograms, and the average clusters have fruits in 8-10 segments, with about 150 to 200 fruits. Fruit body curved, slightly shallow bow-shaped, young fruit upward, upright, gradually tending to flatten out after maturity, 12-30 cm long, 3.4-3.8 cm in diameter, the fruit ribs are obvious, there are 4-5 ribs, the apex is tapered, non-significantly narrowed, the fruit stalk is short, greenish green pericarp, ripening at high temperatures, the pericarp is green with yellow, ripening at low temperatures, the pericarp is green to yellow, and the birth of hemp black dots (i.e. "plum blossom point"), the flesh is soft, yellowish-white, sweet, no seeds, and the flavor is especially strong.
Swordhead buds (i.e., Ciguardia buds or bamboo shoots buds) pseudostem is about 50 centimeters high, the base is stout, fleshy red, the upper part of the fine, with gray-green purplish-red, the black spot is large and significant, the leaf blade is narrowly uplifted, and the back of the leaf is covered with a thick layer of white powder.
Bananas prefer hot and humid climates and thrive in deep, loose, well-drained soils. Irrigated cultivation has also been successful in semi-arid areas similar to southern Jamaica. Wild bananas are cultivated from seed, and artificial bananas can be divided by suckers and pseudobulbs; the first harvest takes 10 to 15 months, after which the harvest is almost continuous.
The banana root group is delicate, the choice of soil is more stringent, poor aeration, poor structure of the clay soil or poor drainage, are extremely unfavorable to the development of the root system, to clay content & lt; 40%, the water table in 1 meter below the sandy loam, especially alluvial loam or humus loam is suitable. Practice has proved that if the physical properties of the soil is not good, even if the supply of fertilizer and water is very adequate, it is difficult to promote the normal growth of bananas. Soil pH value 4.5 ~ 7.5 are suitable to 6.0 on the best, because 5.5 below the soil Fusarium multiply rapidly and wilt disease is easy to attack. Salt environment banana is not very sensitive, but the soil contains exchangeable sodium ions if more than 300mg / L. is not suitable. Rainfall to a monthly average of 100 mm is the most appropriate, less than 50 mm is a dry season, banana due to lack of water and prolonged bud break, short fruit finger, low yields. If the banana garden is waterlogged or flooded, the light leaf yellowing, easy to induce leaf spot epilepsy, yield drop, the heavy root group suffocated rot to plant death.
The distribution area of the large multi-year average of more than 21 ℃, a small number of 20 ℃ or so, bananas require high temperature and humidity, the growth temperature of 20 ~ 35 ℃, the most suitable for 24 ~ 32 ℃, the lowest should not be lower than 15.5 ℃. Banana afraid of low temperatures, avoid frost and snow, cold hardiness than plantain, plantain weak.
The critical temperature of growth inhibition 10 ℃, down to 5 ℃ when the leaves are yellowed by cold, 1 ~ 2 ℃ leaves withered. Fruit at 12 ℃ that is cold damage, ripening consequences of the skin grayish yellow, affecting the commercial value.
Sucking bud reproduction is a traditional and more common seedling method of banana cultivation. Mainly with sword buds (red shoots) and jackets for reproduction. For planting as seedlings and buds generally to be up to 40 centimeters or more.
(1) red shoots head and tail small, shaped like bamboo shoots, sword, so also known as sword buds. Generally in November of the previous year long
growth state, in rainy weather should be drained in a timely manner, so as not to infected with pathogens caused by stem rot. Its stems attached to the rock can also grow, the plant is extremely wind-resistant, as long as the bracket is solid can be resistant to typhoons.
The dragon fruit is resistant to 0 ℃ low temperature and 40 ℃ high temperature, the optimal temperature for the growth of 25-35 ℃. Dragon fruit can be adapted to a variety of soils, but to contain humus, water retention and fertilization of neutral soil and weakly acidic soil is good
Cuttings time in the spring is the most appropriate, the cuttings selected growth of the stem nodes, cut off the length of the 375px section, to be the wound air-drying inserted into the sand bed or cuttings in the support frame directly under the side of the concrete columns. The cuttings do not need to be watered later, keep the soil dry and start watering after 10 days. Rooting will take place in about 15-30 days, and the roots will be transplanted to the seedbed when they reach 3-100px in length.? [3]?
Grafting
Select disease-free, robust, full-fleshed stems as rootstocks, and graft on sunny days
Grafting. Dragon fruit stems with a knife cut plane, the scion inserted, aligned with the formation layer, tied with cotton thread fixed, in 28-30 ℃ conditions, 4-5 days the wound joint surface that is a large number of healing tissue formation, scion and rootstock color close to the two vascular bundles have been healed, grafting success, and then can be moved into the pseudo-planting nursery beds to continue to cultivate.? [3]?
1, rootstock and scion selection
Yellow flesh type of dragon fruit rootstock can choose wild triangle column (king flower), etc., red flesh type of dragon fruit can choose white flesh type of dragon fruit as rootstock. Choose 1-2 years old triangle column, from the stem at the node from the mother cut off, cuttings in the sandy heavy loose soil (depth of insertion firmly appropriate), on the shade, watering can be done rootstock, about half a month after inserting the living can be grafted. Scion to the current year's development of better branches is appropriate.
Generally in addition to the winter cold period, other seasons can be grafted. Because the winter and spring seasons are cold and wet for a long time, the grafting wound is not only difficult to heal, but will expand and endanger the plant. Therefore, grafting time is best selected in March-October, so that there is sufficient healing and growth period, and conducive to the next year's fruit.
3. Grafting before the drug treatment
Grafting knife used in alcohol or white wine should be sterilized to prevent infection. Conditional available. [3]?
4. Grafting methods
a. Flat joint method
With a sharp knife in the three prongs of the Lemna at the appropriate height of a horizontal cut, and then the three prongs for the 30-40 degree cut, with the disinfected cactus thorns into the middle of the vascular bundle of the rootstock, will be cut flat scion connected to the other end of the thorns, spines will be connected to the scion and the rootstock, rootstock and scion as close as possible without leaving gaps, to avoid bacterial infections unfavorable healing, and then the scion will not leave a gap. Avoid bacterial infection is not conducive to healing, and then add a thorn on each side of the fixed, and then tied with a fine line around the base.
b.wedge method
In the rootstock with a sterilized knife at the top of the longitudinal cut a crack, but should not be too deep, and then the scion of the lower part of the blade with a sterilized cut into duckbill shape, cut immediately after the insertion of the rootstock into the cracks, with plastic adhesive paper to be fixed, and then set of plastic bags to maintain the humidity of the air, conducive to the survival of the 20 days after the observation of grafted growth, if you can maintain the fresh fresh and bright green, that is, alive. One month after the nursery.
Pot plant
The germination temperature of dragon fruit seeds is about 25 ℃.
To choose a culture soil with relatively young and fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.
Make sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow during germination.
To make a stylized small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially around the edges, otherwise they will lose their beauty when planted out sparsely.
If the pot does not have a bottom hole, do not use a watering can to water directly in order to avoid overwatering, 2-3 days with a spray can spray water once can be.
Nursery beds should be selected ventilation to the sun, fertile soil, drainage and irrigation of the field, the whole fine for the border, the border with the ditch 2250px, 667 square meters of rotted chicken manure or cow dung 1500-2000 kg, mixed with 1000 kg of husk ash, stirred thoroughly, in the formation of the ground in the border below the topsoil layer of 10-500px; and then applied 100-150 kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, with a Hoe fully stirred, applied to the topsoil layer of 4-125px deep, and then planted the seedlings in the seedbed according to the plant row spacing of 75px, watered thoroughly, and sprayed with 500 times carbendazim 1 time, every 10-15 days to apply 5-7 kg of composite fertilizer, and so long as the growth of the first section of the stem fleshy and full stem section, can be out of the nursery.? [3]?
Planting management
The dragon fruit planted 12-14 months after the start of flowering and fruiting, flowering 12-15 times a year, April-November for the fruiting period, 30-40 days after the flowers ripe, a single fruit weighing 500-1000 grams, planted in the second year of production of more than 20 fruits per column, the third year of the fruiting period, the yield can be up to 2,500 kg/667 square meters.
High-yield cultivation points are as follows:
1. Thin fertilizer diligently: due to the fruit harvest period is long, every year to reapply organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium composite fertilizer should be balanced long-term application. Flowering and fruiting period to supplement potassium, magnesium fertilizer to promote fruit sugar accumulation, improve quality. Keep the soil moist during the fruiting period, and cover the tree disk with grass or mushroom slag. When the weather is dry, irrigate once every 3-4 days. Dragon fruit, like other cactus plants, grows less than conventional fruit trees. So fertilization should be sufficient, small amount, multiple times as the principle.
Young trees (1-2 years old) to fertilize with nitrogen fertilizer, to do a thin and diligent application, to promote tree growth. The adult tree (more than 3 years old) to the application of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, control the application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Fertilization should be carried out in the spring new shoots and fruit expansion period, fertilizer is generally withered cake residue, chicken manure, pig manure according to 1:2:7 formula, 25 kg of organic fertilizer per plant per year. Or in July, October and March of the following year, each plant 1.2 kg of cow dung compost, 200 grams of compound fertilizer. The root system of dragon fruit is mainly distributed in the topsoil layer, so the fertilizer should be applied by spreading method, avoiding furrowing and deep casting, so as not to injure the roots. In addition, after the formation of each batch of young fruits, extra-root spraying 0.3% magnesium sulfate + 0.2% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time to improve fruit quality.
Because of the long harvest period of dragon fruit, to reapply organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer should be balanced long-term application. The complete use of pig and chicken manure containing nitrogen is too high fertilizer, so that the branches are more fat, dark green and very brittle, easy to break when the wind, the fruit is larger and heavier, poor quality, low sweetness, and even sour or salty taste. Therefore, the flowering and fruiting period to increase the application of potash fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and bone meal, in order to promote the accumulation of fruit sugar, improve quality.
The aerial roots of dragon fruit are many and can be transformed into absorption roots. Carry out the expansion of the hole to change the soil, can gradually widen the distribution of the root system; can also be tied traction induced aerial roots down to the ground.? [5]?
2. Centering: when the branch grows to 1.3-1.4 meters long centering, to promote branching, and let the branch naturally drooping.
3. Interplanting and artificial pollination: When planting dragon fruit, interplant about 10% of the white-fleshed type of dragon fruit. Mutual pollination between varieties can significantly increase the fruiting rate. In case of rainy weather, artificial pollination. Pollination can be done in the evening before the flower opens or early in the morning before the flower has closed, using a brush to apply pollen directly to the stigma of the female flower.
4. Pruning branches: cut off the branches that have borne fruits after picking fruits every year, and let them send out new branches again,
to ensure the yield of the next year. Dragon fruit planting in a variety of ways, you can climb the wall planting, can also be hut planting, but to column cultivation is the most common, the advantage is low production costs, high land utilization.
The so-called column cultivation is to set up a concrete or wooden column, plant 3-4 dragon fruit seedlings around the column, so that the dragon fruit plant grows upward along the column cultivation. Planting specifications double-season column spacing of 1.5 meters × 2 meters, according to each column around the planting of 4 seedlings, every 667 square meters can be planted 750. Dragon fruit can be planted all year round, pay attention to not deep planting, implantation of about 3 centimeters deep can be, the initial period should keep the soil moist.? [3]?
Water management
Dragon fruit grows rapidly in a warm, moist, well-lit environment. Seedlings should keep the soil moist throughout the garden during the growing period. Spring and summer seasons should be more watering, so that its root system to maintain vigorous growth. The soil should be kept moist during the fruit expansion period to facilitate fruit growth.
Irrigation should never be a prolonged drenching or a frequent drenching from start to finish. Soaking irrigation will make the root system in a state of long-term oxygen deprivation and death, drenching will make the humidity uneven, and induce red spot (physiological lesions). Drainage should be done in rainy weather to avoid infection with pathogens that can cause stem and flesh rot. Winter garden should be water control, in order to enhance the cold resistance of the branches
1, branch and stem spray: the onset of serious fruit trees,
varieties are from early June until the completion of the winter, the whole process is divided into physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sex cell maturation of three periods. The flower buds are mixed and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. Each inflorescence has 5-7 flowers.
Flowering and fruiting
Flowering: The flowering period of apple varies greatly depending on the climate of each place. Generally in April to May,
there are 3-7 flowers per flower bud, and the center flower blooms first. Apple is a heterogamous pollinated plant, most varieties of self-flowering can not bear fruit. The proportion of each type of fruiting branch varies depending on the age of the tree and the variety. Usually young trees have more long fruiting branches and medium fruiting branches, and as the age of the tree increases, the proportion of short fruiting branches rises rapidly, and to the fruiting season, generally up to 70% or more, and almost entirely short fruiting branches in the aging period. From the varieties, Jin Shuai and other varieties of long-fruiting branches