This is what a mechanical master said. Regarding the future development and career planning of machinery, I will learn from it here. I hope it can help you. These words have helped many of our mechanical students who are confused and helpless. , get out of trouble. 1. Machinery industry, business locations, and enterprise selection categories: 1. China’s current machinery development in different regions has its own characteristics. The mainland's machinery industry is still mainly practical and mainly addresses domestic internal needs. Therefore, the industries involved are relatively traditional and cover all social strata, from national construction to civilian consumer goods. The coastal machinery industry is mainly focused on finishing and light industry. Due to the influx of large amounts of foreign investment and demand for OEM or secondary processing, the machinery industry is mostly small, high-end, and quick-response. Northern regions such as North and Northeast China are typically represented by heavy industry. This has a certain relationship with historical reasons. In addition, the rich mineral resources in the north also lead to relatively developed heavy industry. Obviously, in terms of income and new technologies, the machinery industry in the eastern coastal areas is definitely the first choice; but when it comes to comprehensively learning basic machinery knowledge, the mainland has an advantage. Because there is almost no heavy industry in coastal areas, it is incorrect to classify heavy industry from the machinery industry. At present, relatively good industries in China include medical equipment, telecommunications hardware, network communications, heavy industry equipment, precision equipment, semiconductors, automation equipment, and standardized components; industries that were relatively good before but are in decline include automobiles, textiles, microelectronics, and telecommunications software. , elevators, logistics, etc.; there are too many industries with relatively bleak experience, so I won’t list them. According to the classification of machinery industry, the better ones are R&D, CAE analysis and application related, followed by manufacturing/assembly, and the others are slightly worse. 3. Enterprise priority selection order: from top to bottom: US-funded > European-funded > joint venture > Japanese-funded > large state-owned enterprises 2. No matter what specific industry you are engaged in, it is not recommended to engage in automobiles and molds, because there are many employees, high competitive pressure, and the overall industry level is low. Someone once asked me why my profile says telecommunications. My answer is that my team is in mechanical design, but the products we make are telecommunications network products. There is no conflict. The same, whether it is machine tools or molds, the specific products are always different. Let me give you an example. We are both mechanical engineers. One designs medical devices and the other designs standard parts. Who would you say has higher income and who has higher technical content? It is clear that the income and technical ability to design medical devices is much higher. Therefore, the type of work has an impact, and the product classification has a greater impact. Taiwan-funded, Korean-funded, and private companies are all out of the scope of my consideration, and I have described them in the corresponding posts. Corporate culture is represented by American and Japanese capital; company processes should be learned from American capital; work skills should be learned from Japanese capital. If you are a more introverted person who can sit still, then you can choose a state-owned enterprise. Although the system of state-owned enterprises is very unbearable, currently state-owned enterprises are the only place where the master-disciple model still exists. If you are not proactive enough and want someone to always guide you, you can stay in a state-owned enterprise for two years, but not more than two years. Don't stay too long. If you are positive enough, proactive, have a strong thirst for knowledge, and can take the initiative to ask questions, then you should choose foreign investment and recommend Japanese companies. Because there is a very good thing about Japanese companies. Although they are indifferent, they will really teach you a lot of things. As long as you take the initiative and ask, basically everything you ask will be answered. Private companies are not recommended here because the bosses are very realistic. They only need people who can work as soon as they come in and create profits for them. You are obviously not suitable. We also do not recommend Taiwanese and Korean companies because they only want to squeeze. you. The situation of European and American companies is more complicated, which will be explained later. The bigger the company, the better. It is said that small companies can learn more. That is because there are few people, so each person has to do more. In fact, in this case, it seems that many things have been learned, but in fact the practice is very informal. When a company is large, its processes and systems are complete. Although each person has fewer tasks to do, they still have the opportunity to ask for advice from others and learn other skills. Therefore, the ability to self-study is still the most important. As for how to get around in the company, learn, ask for advice, or even steal from others, it all depends on one's ability. 4. Industry direction: At present, there is no urgent shortage in the machinery industry. Since there are quite a number of employees, a large number of excellent talents have emerged in various industries. Of course, the demand is huge, so there is no saturation problem.
At present, from the aspects of development and income, mechatronics, automation, mechanical development and design and other directions are better than other directions, but the requirements for professional experience are relatively high. Besides, you can't learn any cutting-edge knowledge in school. The basic knowledge of the machinery industry is very boring, and accumulation is extremely slow. There are no shortcuts. Some seemingly cutting-edge equipment and technologies are actually the product of continuous optimization and combination of ordinary technologies when broken down. 5. Classification of the machinery industry: The machinery industry is vast and profound. If you want to subdivide it, it will be endless. In terms of major categories, it is also a matter of opinion. My classification is relatively simple (only my personal opinion, leaving aside the more obscure content): four general directions: processing, manufacturing, equipment, and development. Among the friends who have asked for help in the past few years, very few have actually been involved in development. This may have something to do with seniority, which I will not discuss here. Equipment belongs to the category of maintenance and technical services, which is actually a very large category in machinery. However, due to The number of employees is small, and it is relatively unpopular, so I won’t say much more. Processing is the area where I receive the most help, and it is also the one with the largest number of employees in the country. Manufacturing has always been the main industry that I recommend everyone to engage in. How are these four categories related to each other? My understanding is this: processing is the most elementary application and the basis of all mechanical technology. Therefore, there are many people working in it and the requirements for basic knowledge of the mechanical industry are very demanding. Manufacturing is the backstage process of processing and can be considered It is an advancement of processing. Its core content is a process of turning processed parts into finished products. It has very high requirements for mechanical assembly and functional performance, but it has reduced the requirements for processing technology to some extent; equipment Maintenance and technical services are a further level. You must have a high understanding of mechanical basics, electromechanical knowledge and manufacturing technology to engage in this industry; while development is a master who needs to lead all the above basic industries. So these four categories are arranged in this order, and it can also be said that actual work income is generally distributed from low to high in this way. This is why many friends who are still engaged in the processing industry, I suggest that they jump from processing to manufacturing, then to technology, and finally to develop such a sequence. 6. Among the various branches of the machinery industry, although the processing industry is important, from the perspective of career development, it is not as good as other industries. Moreover, due to the quality of the practitioners around you and your own quality, even if you are proactive and eager to learn, it is still difficult to get rid of the influence of the environment, and even the friends around you will become obstacles to your development. And if you are asked to develop in the direction of mechanical design now, I think it is too high to jump at once. Because I have mentioned in many other posts that mechanical design is a master's degree and requires a lot of knowledge, skills and experience. Mechanical manufacturing, including all post-processing procedures, mainly product assembly, debugging, quality control (different from the quality control of the quality department, here refers to the quality control of the production department), product production technology, and even some fixtures Class engineering maintenance and production tools, etc. There are currently many people engaged in this industry in our country, but the overall level is very low and the employees are unstable. In fact, there is a lot of difference between us and the world. Since most companies recruit college students to work as manufacturing engineers, in fact, they have no experience and do not have sufficient mechanical foundation. Therefore, although there are many people, their level is generally poor, but their income and development are good. of. Moreover, the production and manufacturing departments of some formal companies have complete processes and technical specifications, which can greatly expand your horizons and improve your technical capabilities. And college students are not without their merits. You will find that their understanding and learning abilities are indeed superior to others. 2. Academic qualifications and learning content 1. The requirements for academic qualifications in the machinery industry are relatively low, because we value their actual abilities more. If you find that some companies must require a certain academic qualification, then it is almost 100% certain that the requirements are set by laypeople such as HR and big bosses. There are two problems here: a. Although we do not look at academic qualifications when recruiting people, how to bypass laymen like HR and get an interview opportunity depends on your own ability. It does not mean that if your academic qualifications are not good, you will always complain about not having a chance. , this is entirely a matter of personal ability. If academic qualifications do not meet the requirements, how to bypass HR's rigid indicators is also a reflection of a person's communication skills. b. The method of bypassing or asking HR or the big boss to give in and give up the indicator of academic qualifications is a matter of opinion, but deception must not be used.
2. The current microcontrollers have developed to a very high level. In the process of actually developing microcontrollers, few people write programs from the bottom. However, major suppliers, such as Omron, Mitsubishi, Siemens, etc., have already developed microcontrollers. Many functions are integrated and modular and can be directly applied in projects. If you try to learn from the bottom and then enter advanced applications of microcontrollers, it is not impossible, but the road is too long. Moreover, single-chip microcomputers currently do not belong to the classification of traditional machinery, but to the classification of industrial automation. This requires very high basic knowledge of automation and mechatronics. I suggest not to spend too much energy in this aspect. The same is true for assembly, and the same is true for everything related to computers; many friends have asked me whether computer knowledge is important when working in the mechanical industry, including CAD, assembly, etc. My answer is that it is not important and don't spend too much time. 3. As for software issues, I have repeated it countless times. This is the least important thing to us. Mechanical designers and draftsmen are two completely different concepts. It is useless to be able to draw but not know why. To truly understand the principles and meanings, you say you can basically understand the drawings, but I say it is far from enough. Under normal circumstances, no one can really understand all the drawings, and I dare not say that today. This sentence. A small drawing can contain almost all the knowledge in the mechanical industry, which is enough for us to learn for a lifetime. I only know how to draw and know nothing about anything except CAD operations. This is not called being in the mechanical industry, I think it is being majored in art. Find someone who has graduated in industrial design. The pictures he draws will be absolutely beautiful. I don’t remember if I gave this example: my UG teacher back then, as a professional trainer, he was proficient in more than ten kinds of drawing software and was extremely proficient in operation, but it only cost 3,000 yuan a month, because apart from being able to draw, he knew nothing about mechanical basics. . He only knew how to draw things, but he had no idea how to design or complete a standard drawing, nor did he understand the meaning of the ever-changing annotations on the drawing. Do you all want to be a draftsman? 4. Regarding the issue of CAD and various certificates, I have mentioned in countless replies that CAD certificates are useless! It only takes a few days to teach you how to use a software, but I have emphasized the difference between a draftsman and a designer countless times. It is useless to just be able to draw. In fact, without a strong mechanical foundation, you will not be able to draw well without drawing. It often takes much longer to mark a drawing than to draw these lines. With so many comments, each sentence has a profound meaning, which is not something that a draftsman can understand. And for normal people, there is no difficulty in drawing skills, which can be completely ignored. So don't spend money to study for any certificate, just study on your own. As for how to become proficient, as I have said in many of my replies, use things around you to practice, such as mobile phones, alarm clocks, phones, TVs, computers... they can all be used for practice. It can be used very well to build three-dimensional models and produce two-dimensional drawings, and there are many good forums online. For actual work, CAD requires very little skills to use. If you can do what I said above by yourself, then your CAD skills are enough. 5. Going to graduate school in the machinery industry is a waste of life, but why are we still recruiting graduate students? That’s because almost no undergraduates are useful, and graduate students may not necessarily have strong professional abilities, but graduate students can at least have a better grasp of the company. As for professional skills, graduate students and undergraduate students also need to work at the grassroots level. Moreover, nowadays there are too many undergraduates. Cats and dogs are all undergraduates. Graduate students can still show some overall strength. Therefore, the income of graduate students is not necessarily higher than that of undergraduates. This is why we just treat graduate students as undergraduates. In other words, there are almost no qualified undergraduates. We also look for a large number of interns every year, and once we find outstanding undergraduate students, we will stay immediately. You can also do this through this approach. Almost the Fortune 500 companies in Shanghai do this every year. 3. Understanding of mechanical design and R&D 1. Design skills are definitely not only in the design department, or basically not in the design department. Mechanical design is a master, and all the skills it requires are actually outside the design, and the people in the design department just gather these skills and then unify them together.
Let me define design skills = mechanical knowledge + processing skills + process knowledge + manufacturing + quality control + financial accounting + drawing skills +. So can you still say what skills the design department has? The design department only has experience, as long as it requires a lot of accumulated experience, and how to effectively combine these skills. 2. Product design standards Product design is generally divided into 5 stages (some companies simplify it into 4 stages). Stage a.0: New product demand is generated. The marketing department or senior management will explore new users and needs, conduct feasibility analysis and estimation, and decide whether to draft a project. Stage b.1: For products that have already been approved, the design department will provide Concept design, and estimate costs and investment amounts. Each department completes the financial forecast report and then decides whether to formally initiate the project c.2 stage: After the financial report is approved and the customer approves, the design department provides a preliminary design plan (highlevel design) and repeatedly confirms and modifies it with the customer until it is finally finalized d. Stage 3: Re-evaluate project risks and financial reports, and implement the decision if all is feasible. The design department provides detailed design drawings (lowleveldesign), establishes corresponding systems, and prepares to submit them to the production department. The production department prepares corresponding engineering systems and product systems. samples and finalize all test reports. Stage e.4: The production department receives detailed drawings from the design department and mass-produces them. The design department participates in the entire process to improve the design and improve the process and corresponding design changes. Until the end of the product life cycle (f.5 stage: some companies have this process, which is generally used for project closing, and serves as project summary and experience summary) Regarding the design process, it would be enough to write several books, so I won’t cover it here. Please be careful. After digesting the above content, you will know how difficult it is to be a designer and how many things you need to know. Drawing is really an extremely small content. 3. Mechanical R&D I recommend R&D for three reasons: a. Income: Within the machinery industry, the most common type of work and the type with the highest average income is R&D. Only jobs in certain small directions can earn more than R&D, but entering those fields requires profound strength and opportunities. We all have to eat when we live, so research and development is the best choice. b. Sense of accomplishment: An engineer often needs not only material encouragement, but also spiritual encouragement. For R&D, the challenge is huge. On the other hand, the sense of accomplishment and joy after success is also the highest. Many colleagues don't care about the small differences in income, but care about whether their designs are recognized. c. Sense of pride R&D is a profession that integrates almost all the knowledge in the mechanical industry. Few other types of work can compete with it. Therefore, the strength of R&D personnel is also quite high, which will undoubtedly enable them to excel in many other fields as well. Outstanding. In English, research and development is R&D, which means research and development. Research and development are two different concepts. What Research does is work in the direction of theory and feasibility, which is very boring and does require a solid theoretical foundation and practical ability to do it. Among them, simulation calculations, simulation analysis, basic models, etc. are the most common ones. What Development does is the actual development and design work, directly linking theoretical applications to actual products. At present, 98% of our country's R&D is actually just development, that is, design work, while very few people do research. This is exactly the gap between us and foreigners. A mature large company often has hundreds or even hundreds of people in the R&D department, of which research accounts for the majority. However, in China, on the contrary, there is almost no research and all of them are designers. Such an R&D department often has only a few dozen people. There is nothing wrong with engaging in research and development as soon as you graduate. In an environment full of experts, you can grow up quickly. You will also immediately see the gap between yourself and others. It is also a good choice to make up for whatever is missing. As for manufacturing knowledge, it is something that every mechanical practitioner must master, and research and development should be more thorough. You only need to do it with your own two hands. 4. Career planning category 1. The machinery industry is a single-plank bridge. If you want to go, you must walk from the beginning to the end. You can leave halfway, but don't expect to come back. So you still have to look at your own ideals to decide your future path.
If you are determined to go into the machinery industry, then for the first two or three years, you will have to work hard, and then engage in real R&D, manufacturing, testing, quality control and other related professions, and then you will have a second choice in 8-10 years. You can choose to continue the purely technical route or choose technical management work. If you give up halfway, then everything else can only depend on your own development. 2. The machinery industry is a bottomless pit. No one can say that he is invincible, and no one can say that he has fully understood it. Even if it takes a lifetime, we can only say that we have gone far or near on this long road, so be careful. Be arrogant and guard against impetuosity. We cannot become all-rounders in the machinery industry. Only by focusing on a certain aspect, going as far as possible and taking into account adjacent industries is the best choice. 3. The direction is not set by others. My words are not standards, let alone edicts. Everyone must make reasonable judgments based on their own circumstances. You set your own goals and walk your own path. I am just giving you a reference. I hope you will avoid taking some detours. I have also fallen and it hurt. There is no need for everyone to fall once to know what to do. Walk. 4. Now there is no direction and no relationship. Some of the friends who left me messages were not very good, and I could see that they were very impatient. I know that his current situation makes him uncomfortable, but if you don’t calm down, it’s impossible to make a difference. No matter what I say, it’s useless, so I didn’t reply to some of my friends’ messages. I just hope you can calm down and read my words again. 5. This is not a high-income industry, so utilitarians should avoid it. Maybe there is a difference between what I mean by high income and what everyone calls high income, but I must remind everyone that if you are only engaged in this industry for high income, then leave as soon as possible. The machinery industry is lonely, and it requires a certain amount of enthusiasm to persevere. When many friends sent messages, they mentioned that they wanted to do it on their own for a few years and then go it alone. I'm very sorry that I can only say this. Everyone should understand what I mean.