Lean healthcare (leanhealthcare) is the most advanced scientific concept in the international medical service system in recent years, has been widely used in Europe and the United States in the design of medical buildings, and has achieved more successful results. It has been widely used in the design of medical buildings in Europe and America, and has achieved more successful results. It is "patient-centered, less waste, lower cost, better efficacy" as the basic principle. Referring to the improvement model of the Toyota Production System, it has been applied to large-scale medical projects to produce good benefits. While improving patient satisfaction, the project will significantly improve outcomes and reduce costs. Designers (including architects and medical planners) and hospital policy makers, medical experts, patients must understand the whole process of health care, in which everyone plays an important role, are involved, we in the design of as much as possible to participate in and experience the medical process, with the hospital decision makers, users and service recipients, together with the design of the hospital to improve the efficiency of the hospital floor plan pattern, and better provide design services for the hospital. We will work together with hospital decision makers, users and service users to improve the efficiency of hospital layout and provide better design services for hospitals.
2Planning and designing from an urban perspective, architectural design from a process perspective, and spatial design from an environmental perspective.
The hospital design assignment we designers receive is often a demand for basic medical space and design points. But architects should start from the perspective of urban planning to design. The relationship between the hospital and the urban space, and the *** birth with the surrounding environment are the most basic elements, and the dialog with the surrounding buildings and the coordination of the urban space are the factors that the architect should focus on. Our design approach begins with the study of the surrounding architectural context, the hospital's outline of the urban skyline, the retreat of the urban road space, as an element of the urban space and as a counterpoint to the surrounding buildings are important planning points.
Of course, the rationality of the medical process is essential, after the analysis of the urban space, the medical process is the most important factor in controlling the architectural design, we greatly respect the functionality and rationality of the medical process, creating architectural space on the basis of the rational medical functional process, the creation of gray space under the canopy, under the colonnade, between the corridors, the bright and spacious lobby, the efficient and practical emergency and first-aid space, and the appropriate scale of medical eco-cultural street. The medical eco-cultural street with appropriate scale, quiet and clean waiting room, comfortable and pleasant examination and diagnosis space, and warm and friendly wards are all necessary spatial elements. Green courtyard space, rooftop garden, outdoor rest and rehabilitation garden is an important part of the outdoor environment, how to make the patients feel the landscape change in the convenient medical experience, step by step is an important point of consideration in the architectural design. Our design emphasizes the interaction and *** birth of medical functional space and environmental space.
3The view on the development direction of domestic medical architectural design.
The development direction of domestic medical architecture, I think it will develop in several directions.
a. Public hospitals, will be to the group, the direction of large-scale development, the domestic brand hospitals to form medical groups, mergers and acquisitions of more and more cases. With the deepening of health care reform, health care building investment is more and more large hospitals are emerging, 1000-bed hospitals have been very common, 2000 beds or even larger hospitals have been built and designed. This is favorable to the role of public hospitals as the mainstay of the national health care system. The larger the hospital, the more detailed the division of labor, the consultation process is inevitably longer, the concept of discipline center is a very good solution, large hospitals are several or even more than a dozen disciplinary center of the aggregate, each disciplinary center is both relatively independent, but also closely related to the disciplines of the cross-interoperability of the future trend, grouping, modularity is an operable model for the reasonable dispersal of the flow of people to the clinic to optimize the process of medical treatment is very good, the modern logistics transmission servo system is essential for the development of the hospital. Modern logistics transmission servo system is essential. There is also a trend that should attract the attention of our designers, that is, outpatient surgery continues to increase, Daycase (day surgery or single-day case) in the hospital treatment process accounts for an increasing proportion of foreign countries have been able to reach the hospital's surgical volume of 70% to 83%, the current domestic hospitals emphasize the number of beds to increase the number of beds is related to the current health care system, along with the improvement of the health insurance system, the popularity of appointment booking, large and medium-sized hospitals, the hospital's health care system. With the improvement of the health insurance system, the popularity of the appointment, large outpatient, large medical technology, small hospitalization will be a development trend.
b. The development of private hospitals is very rapid, with the gradual liberalization of the policy, and the people of the medical environment is increasingly demanding. Private capital began to enter the medical and health industry, membership, appointment system, high-end services is an important supplement to the public health care, this medical service model of medical care process changes relative to the existing consultation and treatment model is revolutionary, the patient is more emphasis on efficient and considerate medical services, health care personnel around the patient, in the functional partition, medical processes, medical services, and the change of a more profound, and even like the foreign research to the bedside personalized, customized services. Bedside personalized, customized service is foreseeable.
c. Close integration of medical care and rehabilitation is also inevitable, China is rapidly entering the elderly society, healthy aging, eco-green rehabilitation and close integration of medical services, to play the therapeutic advantages of hospitals, its audience is very broad, but also inevitably the future development of hospitals is an important model.
4 as designers in the hospital design process should pay attention to the problem.
The biggest difficulty encountered in the example of design is the conflict and trade-off between architectural space and medical space. In the actual case, architects want to make some humanized public **** space and stay space to improve the sense of spatial order and interest of the building, this kind of public **** space is very necessary for the hospital type of building. Hospital decision makers pay more attention to the use of each department and functional space, in fact, these two are not in conflict, it is possible to deal with a very good and in place. In practice architects should consider the area requirements of building equipment space in advance.
In the program stage often pay more attention to the medical use of space, but less consideration of the planning of construction equipment space, and hospitals communicate with the planning of the plane process is very reasonable, to the stage of construction drawings found that the construction equipment space has a greater lack of construction drawings, making the construction drawings to reduce the design stage of the medical space, become more passive, there should be a number of maneuvering space to meet the needs of the building equipment room. In addition, the rapid development of modern medical equipment science and technology makes highly sophisticated medical equipment is constantly updated, new technology and new equipment emerging; hospitals in the pre-planning of medical equipment planning and selection of greater uncertainty, resulting in the architectural design process is very difficult to accurately integrate the medical equipment into the architectural design at a time.
So in the pre-design process to leave room for change and enough margin to meet the requirements of use. Designers are obliged to remind the owner to reserve space for maneuvering, generally hospital decision makers will feel that the design of the area is not enough to use, each room, each area is lined up very full, there is no maneuvering area for use. In the actual project, there are often new functions and new departments and new needs, this time the decision makers will feel even more stretched area, in fact, in the preliminary program stage can reserve some space to facilitate decision makers in the encounter of the above problems flexible deployment. At the same time should also remind the hospital decision makers and department staff to use the area and the difference between the floor area.
Design modifications are inevitable, most notably in the design mission statement. Because now the whole process of hospital building design from the project to the completion of construction and delivery, the cycle is very short, while the hospital's infrastructure talents are fewer, sometimes the preliminary research is not sufficient, the planning is not perfect, resulting in the design mission statement is not exhaustive. Now architects have to assist the hospital to prepare a detailed design mission statement, but also to the hospital for the overall planning, and at the same time to design the architectural space, up to the design of medical processes and floor plan, multi-tasking, designers should have such qualities and ideological preparation.
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