To accelerate the construction of the new socialist countryside, we must implement the scientific concept of development, clear tasks, scientific planning, step-by-step implementation, and vigorously promote the construction of the new socialist countryside led by scientific planning.
The construction of new rural areas has become one of the hotspots for essay writing in the national civil service examination in recent years, and is also one of the key issues in applied writing research.
Edit this paragraph|Back to the top of the new socialist rural construction with a new perspective The construction of a new socialist countryside is the center of the "three rural" issue of the major decisions, ranked in the next five years of China's scientific planning of the top ten strategies, covering all aspects of the economy, politics, culture and social construction must be a new perspective, systematic thinking to look at the socialist construction of the new countryside. The new background, new connotation and new features of the construction of new socialist countryside must be examined from a new perspective and systematic thinking.
(1) The new background of the construction of a new socialist countryside
The construction of a new socialist countryside is not a new concept, and similar references have been used many times since the 1950s, but in the new historical context, the construction of a new socialist countryside put forward by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee has a more far-reaching significance and a more comprehensive requirement. The construction of new rural areas is a brand-new issue facing China after it has generally entered a new stage of development in which agriculture is promoted by industry and the countryside is brought up by the city, which is an inevitable requirement for the development of the times and the building of a harmonious society. At present, China's comprehensive construction of a moderately prosperous society focuses on the rural areas, agricultural abundance is a strong foundation, rich farmers is the country's prosperity, rural stability is the social security; without rural well-being, there is no well-being of the whole society; without the modernization of agriculture, there is no modernization of the country. Many countries in the world have adopted the development strategy of industrial support for agriculture and urban support for rural areas after a certain development foundation for industrialization. At present, the leading industry of China's national economy has been transformed from agriculture to non-agricultural industry, and the driving force of economic growth mainly comes from non-agricultural industry. According to international experience, China has now crossed into a new stage of industry feeding agriculture. Therefore, the implementation of major strategic initiatives for the construction of new rural areas in China is timely.
(2) the new connotation of the construction of new socialist countryside
The Fifth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee put forward the 20-word guideline for the construction of the new countryside of "production development, affluent life, civilized countryside, village neatness and cleanliness, and democratic management", which depicts a beautiful blueprint for the new countryside. This 20-word guideline is not only the long-term goal of China's new rural construction, but also the road to new rural construction, all aspects of which are interconnected and mutually causal, including the development of new industries, construction of new villages and towns, construction of new facilities, cultivation of new farmers, and the establishment of a new culture, etc. The development of new industries is to lay a solid foundation for the development of new industries, which is to build up a new culture and culture of the countryside. Developing new industries means laying a solid material foundation, increasing farmers' incomes by all means, and promoting a sustainable increase in farmers' incomes, which is the focus of comprehensively building a well-off rural society. Building new villages and towns means improving the rural living environment and rationalizing rural development. Constructing new facilities means improving the infrastructure for production and living in rural areas, including clean and safe drinking water, road transportation, electricity, information networks and agricultural infrastructure. Cultivating new farmers means strengthening basic education and vocational training, promoting rural science and technology, and promoting the medical and healthcare system, in order to create a new type of farmers who are "educated, technologically literate, business-savvy, law-abiding and civilized". To establish a new culture is to strengthen and improve the construction of democratic legal system in rural areas, create a harmonious development environment, and advocate a new culture. We must fully understand and grasp the new socialist countryside of the "new" connotation, and effectively do a good job of the "new" article.
(3) The new features of the construction of new socialist countryside
The construction of new socialist countryside in the new stage of historical development has five distinctive features. The first is the characteristics of the times. This time, the concept of new rural areas, is an innovation led by the three major concepts of the scientific concept of development, people-oriented, and building a harmonious society, is the most epochal sign of the new countryside. Secondly, it is a comprehensive feature. The new countryside is not only limited to a certain production field or a certain link, but is the organic combination and comprehensive and coordinated development of the three civilizations: material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization. Thirdly, it is a linkage feature. The meaning and deployment of the new rural construction is that urban and rural areas are integrated and considered as a systematic project, rather than discussing the rural areas and focusing on agriculture. Fourth, the gradual character. The construction of the new countryside can never be achieved overnight, the situation and condition of each place are different, the construction of the new countryside must be promoted through scientific planning to perpetuate the implementation of the new socialist countryside to effectively ensure the continuity and sustainability of the construction of the new socialist countryside. Fifth, dynamic characteristics. New rural construction is very far-reaching, very rich in content, with the development of the times, but also will continue to give new connotation and new content, but also in practice to continue to broaden new ideas and new horizons.
Edit | Back to Top Suggestions for the Evaluation Criteria of the New Socialist Countryside The evaluation criteria of the new socialist countryside are mainly evaluated from three aspects, i.e., a new type of farmer, a developed agriculture, and a harmonious countryside.
The new socialist countryside, first of all, should have new types of farmers.
The characteristics of a new type of farmers are, first, high-quality farmers who have knowledge, understand technology, and know how to run a business. The second is the farmers whose ideology is constantly updated. Thirdly, the farmers who are constantly improving the degree of organization. To encourage and guide farmers to accelerate the development of various types of professional cooperative economic organizations, and constantly improve the degree of organization of farmers. The fourth is the farmers who live well. Every effort must be made to increase farmers' incomes and to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, so that farmers can lead a prosperous life. Fifth, farmers who are fully employed. On the issue of employment, farmers receive the same "national treatment" as citizens, and gradually establish an equal employment system for urban and rural areas, and realize the integration of urban and rural labor markets.
The next step is to have a well-developed agriculture.
One is to build modern agriculture. To build modern agriculture means to mechanize the means of agricultural production, to scientify the technology of agricultural production, and to specialize and socialize the division of labor in agricultural production. Second, the development of sustainable agriculture. On the basis of integrating and coordinating the relationship between human beings and nature, to realize the benign cycle of the environment and ecological balance, and through technological and institutional changes, to ensure that the demand for agricultural products of the present generation of human beings and their future generations is constantly satisfied. Thirdly, it is the integrated agriculture of management industry. Through the planting and feeding, production, supply and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture integrated management, the agricultural reproduction process of the pre-production, production and post-production links into a complete industrial system, the formation of efficient integrated agricultural production and management system.
Finally, there should be a harmonious countryside.
The hallmark of a harmonious countryside is economic prosperity, sustained, rapid and stable growth of the rural economy on the basis of production development, and continuous optimization and upgrading of the structure of the agricultural and rural economy through strategic adjustments. The second is the political management of democracy, in accordance with the law to promote the construction of villagers' autonomy, the implementation and improvement of democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision mechanism, and gradually improve the financial disclosure as the focus of the village affairs disclosure system, civil people's deliberations, the people's financial people, the brainstorming of all construction in the countryside. Thirdly, rural society is harmonious and stable, and farmers are living and working in peace and contentment; the rural medical and health service system has been improved, a rural minimum subsistence guarantee system has been set up, and the rural social assistance system has been further perfected; and rural cultural construction continues to be strengthened. The spiritual and cultural needs of the rural masses have been met in many ways and at many levels. In short, through the vigorous development of rural social undertakings, so that the living conditions of farmers and the overall outlook of the countryside significantly improved, the social environment is stable and kind of peace. Fourth, rural civilization, to form a healthy and upward social trend. Through the construction of spiritual civilization in the countryside, we will strive to create civilized families, and farmers will generally advocate science, resist superstition, change customs, eliminate bad habits, and lead scientific and healthy lifestyles, so that rural society will be civilized and upwardly mobile. Fifth, the village is clean and tidy. Rural appearance to show new changes, the new countryside is no longer piles of garbage, mosquitoes and flies, sewage, village buildings, simple facilities, but by improving rural construction planning and human settlements management, strengthening rural infrastructure construction, rural road hardening, sanitation and hygiene, family beautification, complete facilities, to create a clean, beautiful, comfortable living environment.
Edit |Back to topOverall Requirements for the Construction of New Socialist Rural Areas "Development of production, affluent living, civilized countryside, neat and clean villages, and democratic management" are both the requirements of the central government for the construction of new rural areas as well as its overall goal. These 20 words contain extremely rich content, involving all aspects of rural politics, economy, culture and social management.
1. "Production development" - the material foundation of the new countryside
The first task of the new rural construction is production development. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, agriculture should increase the popularization and application of science and technology to achieve a change in the mode of growth. In the process of adjusting the structure of the rural economy, on the one hand, to coordinate the proportion of food and other crops, to ensure China's food security; on the other hand, to coordinate the relationship between agriculture and non-agricultural industries.
Under the conditions of market economy, the farmers of one family are in a weak position in the market competition due to the dispersal of production and life and the lack of information. Professional cooperative economic organizations have great advantages in leading farmers to get rich, and we should encourage the development of various types of new economic organizations to enhance the degree of organization of farmers.
To achieve the goal of production development, it is necessary to activate the most active factor in the productive forces - the labor force. In the process of building a new countryside, it is necessary to cultivate new farmers as a fundamental measure to focus on, by improving the scientific and cultural quality of farmers and the ability to get rich, to provide a strong guarantee of talent to increase production and income and change the appearance of the countryside and the village. The first is to speed up the implementation of free compulsory education; second, the cultivation of new industrial farmers and working farmers, vigorously implement the rural practical technology, vocational skills training for workers as the main content of the "Sunshine Project", targeted technical training.
The non-agricultural industry provides space for the development of the rural economy, which is also included in the requirements of "production development". The development of agricultural products processing industry, lengthening the industrial chain, can make farmers in the process of processing value-added process to increase income. In areas where non-agricultural industries are underdeveloped, the process of rural industrialization should be further accelerated.
Urban development to absorb rural labor is also one of the channels of "production development". To promote the orderly transfer of surplus rural labor, we need to clean up some of the existing policies and measures to clear the channels for farmers to enter the city.
2. "Live well" - the core goal of the new rural construction
To achieve the goal of living well, the first step is to increase the income of farmers by opening up various channels to increase income. At the macro level, the increase in farmers' income can stimulate the huge consumption potential of the countryside, making farmers' demand an effective demand, thus enhancing the pulling power of consumption on the national economy.
Construction of infrastructure directly related to the improvement of farmers' lives is one of the conditions for farmers to live a generous life. Statistics show that half of the country's administrative villages are not connected to running water, and more than 60 percent of farm households do not yet have access to sanitary toilets. The improvement of infrastructure conditions such as water, electricity, roads and information and communication requires the active participation of all parties and the guidance of social forces*** with them.
At present, the ratio of social security coverage in urban and rural areas is as high as 22:1, and rural residents, who account for nearly 60% of the country's total population, enjoy only about 20% of health care resources, with about 90% of the farmers being ineligible for out-of-pocket medical care. From these figures, it is clear that the rural public ****career is lagging behind. In the process of building a new countryside, the government should help farmers set up a rural social security system, including cooperative medical care and rural old-age security, through public *** financial subsidies.
At present, the total number of rural commodity markets is insufficient and their distribution is not reasonable, while there are more counterfeit and shoddy products, which brings many inconveniences to farmers' lives. Experts have pointed out that the establishment of a sound rural market system and the formation of a rural consumer business network under modern circulation methods are indispensable aspects of the construction of new rural areas.
3. "Civilization of the countryside" - improving the overall quality of farmers
Civilization of the countryside is essentially a matter of rural spiritual civilization, including culture, customs, the rule of law, social security and many other aspects.
In recent years, although some areas of rural economic development faster, but the cultural life is monotonous and boring, while some bad culture has risen. Rural cultural construction and the coordinated development of the economy and society is not yet adapted to the spiritual and cultural needs of the masses of peasants, the main problem is that the cultural infrastructure is backward, the existing resources have not yet been effectively utilized, the cultural system is not smooth, the mechanism is not active. Therefore, how to make the majority of farmers live a rich and colorful spiritual and cultural life, is an important task in the construction of new rural areas.
Shifting customs is one of the manifestations of rural civilization. On the one hand, with the development of the economy, the phenomenon of human indifference in the city, such as the emergence of the rural areas have been the first signs of emergence; on the other hand, the traditional bad habits in some rural areas are still widely exist. In some places, graves have been built in a comparative manner, and even luxurious tombs for the living have appeared. All of these are incompatible with the new rural "civilized countryside" requirements, urgently need to change.
4. "Tidiness of the village"--Improving the living condition of farmers
The requirement of "tidiness of the village" in the construction of the new countryside is mainly to provide better production, living, and ecological conditions for the rural areas. The most important thing is to provide better production, living and ecological conditions in rural areas.
For a long time, the living environment in most rural areas has been unsatisfactory. "Open-air toilets, mud streets, pressurized wells, and chicken and duck yards" is a graphic description of the living environment of farmers. The lack of planning in the construction of rural houses and streets wastes a great deal of land; poor access conditions bring many inconveniences to the production and life of farmers; and the lack of hardware facilities, coupled with the poor living habits of farmers, results in serious garbage pollution. In addition, with the development of non-agricultural industries in some rural areas, the problem of industrial pollution has come to the forefront and is in urgent need of change. Therefore, in the process of building new villages and towns, we should pay special attention to two points: First, we should respect the wishes of farmers, with the support of the state and social forces, according to the level of local economic development within the limits of their capabilities, to avoid becoming an image project, performance engineering; Second, we should make a long-term planning based on local cultural traditions and so on, and we can't engage in a one-size-fits-all approach in the planning process.
5. "Management democracy" --- sound villagers' self-governance system
Currently, China's rural areas to implement the villagers' self-governance system. From a national point of view, the specific situation varies considerably from place to place, but the basic system has been established. Improving the democratic self-governance system at the rural grassroots level is the key to realizing democracy in village management.
China abolished the agricultural tax in 2006, and in the "post-agricultural tax" era, changing the function of the township government is one of the requirements of "management democracy". The township government should create conditions for local economic development, take on the responsibility of social management, and provide public **** services for villages. At the same time, the township government should provide proper guidance for villagers' self-governance. In addition, rural grass-roots party organizations should closely focus on serving the masses as the center, and effectively play the role of serving the masses and uniting people's hearts.
Under the conditions of market economy, the energy expended by cadres is often not duly rewarded, which seriously affects the enthusiasm of grass-roots cadres to drive the farmers to get rich, therefore, the grass-roots democratic construction and the market economy organically combined is a great topic in the construction of new rural areas.
Fifth, grasp the overall requirements of the new rural construction, out of the four misunderstandings In accordance with the "production development, living well, civilized countryside, village neat and clean, democratic management" of the overall requirements of the "twenty words", out of the "four" misunderstandings. The four "misunderstandings".
1. The ideological misunderstanding of the demolition of the old to build new. Can not simply understand the construction of new socialist countryside is the village construction, the kind of construction of new countryside is to build a house to build a new village, repair the road row store understanding is one-sided. The construction of new socialist countryside is a systematic project, covering all areas of rural areas and many aspects, planning the construction of new villages must be built on the basis of economic and social development.
2. Misconceptions of attracting investment in a hurry. Construction of new socialist countryside is the main body of farmers, rather than foreign businessmen or entrepreneurs. To adhere to the democratic decision-making of grass-roots organizations, the principle of voluntary farmers, to protect the democratic rights of farmers. Can not be taken to attract investment or a small group of organizations to make a profit for the purpose of demolition of the old to build a new house, do not engage in the enterprise to get rich, cadres gain, the people pay the bill.
3. No funds to engage in the construction of the misunderstanding of slowly. Shortage of financial resources so that the new rural construction is facing problems, village cadres increased pressure. There is a "wait and see" and "slowly" thinking. The construction of new rural areas need to "break the ice" forward, according to local conditions, first grasp the planning, the first easy after the difficult, according to the ability to steadily promote. At present, we should focus on solving the outstanding problems of agriculture and rural economic development, the farmers need and most eager to solve the hot issues, one by one, the implementation of the good.
4. Misconceptions about the campaign. The construction of new rural areas to comply with the laws of economic development, respect for the wishes of farmers, and constantly meet the needs of the masses of farmers on the material and cultural life. In this sense, the construction of new rural areas is with the times, there is no specific standard. Therefore, we should avoid unrealistic large-scale demolition and construction, and make movements in a flurry of activity. Villages should be in the city under the guidance of the master plan to grasp the village construction planning, suitable for the transformation of old villages will focus on the transformation of old villages, suitable for the construction of new villages to grasp the construction of new villages, the need for environmental remediation from the "dirty, chaotic, poor" to start. According to the local conditions, according to the ability to stabilize and promote the construction of new rural areas.