All-space command and control center provides relevant parameters and images; Provide logistics service guarantee for manned space launch area.
Jiuquan launch site is built on an oasis in Gobi desert, with mountains in the west and rivers in the east. This is a treasure trove of geomantic omen personally selected by Marshal Nie Rongzhen. Today, when it comes to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, many people think it is in Jiuquan. In fact, Jiuquan Launch Center is located in Ejina Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2 10 km away from Jiuquan. At that time, it was named "Jiuquan" because missile satellite launch sites in various countries avoided using real addresses at that time, and because the launch site was located in the desert Gobi, it was difficult to choose a well-known place name, and Jiuquan was the closest to the launch center and was a famous city in history.
Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, also known as "Dongfeng Space City", is one of the launch test bases of China's scientific satellites, technical test satellites and launch vehicles, the earliest and largest comprehensive missile and satellite launch center established in China, and the only manned space launch site in China at present. With the change of mission, the launch site should not only provide the test environment and technical support for the extravehicular spacesuit in Shenzhou VII mission, but also re-formulate the test and launch process, including the joint test of extravehicular spacesuit and spacecraft and the joint test of extravehicular spacesuit and rocket.
"6" TT&C Communication System
Among the seven systems in shenzhou spaceship, measurement and control and communication are very important. For example, a spaceship is like a kite. The monitoring stations and ocean-going survey ships distributed in the three oceans are the lines that hold the kite. The ground control system is like a kite-flying man. The overall design level of TT&C and communication is directly related to the success or failure of manned spaceflight project.
When the launch vehicle is launched and the manned spacecraft flies into the sky and returns, it is necessary to keep regular contact between heaven and earth with TT&C communication system, complete the reception and processing of the telemetry parameters and TV images of the spacecraft, and carry out TT&C management of the spacecraft operation and orbital module. This TT&C communication system consists of Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center, land-based TT&C station and maritime TT&C fleet in Roy, and performs the tasks of spacecraft orbit measurement, remote control, telemetry, rocket safety control and astronaut escape control.
China's spacecraft TT&C system has formed a modern integrated TT&C network with the TT&C center of Xi satellite as the center and more than ten fixed stations, mobile TT&C stations and Roy survey ship as the backbone. In manned spaceflight project, China's spacecraft measurement and control system adopts a unified S-band system, which sends or receives telemetry and remote control signals, voice and television signals through the same transmitter, antenna system and receiving equipment. After the sounding of the horn for lunar exploration, China Aerospace TT&C Network began to build a lunar TT&C system, and the second phase of lunar exploration project will build a 35-meter antenna deep space TT&C network to improve China's deep space TT&C capability. In the future, China will further strengthen international cooperation in the field of deep space measurement and control.
Task:
The main purpose of this mission is to carry out the first extravehicular activity of China astronauts, to break through and master the related technologies of extravehicular activity, and to carry out space science and technology experiments such as satellite accompanying flight and satellite data relay. During the operation of the spacecraft, 1 astronaut took the "Tian Fei" extravehicular spacesuit developed by China to carry out extravehicular activities and recover the test sample device loaded outside the cabin.
According to the plan, shenzhou spaceship will be launched from the manned space launch site of Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in China, and it will run in a near-circular orbit with a height of about 343 kilometers.
After the astronauts leave the cabin, the spacecraft will release an accompanying satellite. The data relay test of "Tianlian-1" satellite will also be carried out.
After completing the scheduled mission, Shenzhou VII spacecraft will return to the main landing site in central Inner Mongolia.
"7" landing site system
Spacecraft landing site system refers to the general name of related subsystems responsible for capturing, tracking and measuring the reentry trajectory of spacecraft, searching and recovering the return capsule, and medical supervision, medical rescue and emergency evacuation after astronauts leave the capsule.
Landing field is a newly added system in China's manned spaceflight project. The main task of the landing field system is to capture, analyze and predict the landing point of the target by using the advanced radio measurement system after the spacecraft flies in space, and then organize the rapid approach to the return capsule, dispose of the return capsule and transport it back to the base safely. The landing site system also includes: the emergency return search and rescue subsystem on land and at sea in the ascending section of the spacecraft; special rescue boats and helicopters are deployed in the rescue area at sea, and equipment capable of salvaging the return capsule floating on the sea surface under complex sea conditions is provided.
It is definitely not a simple matter to let the spacecraft flying at an altitude of more than 300 kilometers accurately land at the predetermined location on the rotating earth. It needs all kinds of technical support, very reliable control system, tracking system and safe landing point system. Once in the former Soviet Union, when the spacecraft returned, due to the deviation of the control system, the spacecraft deviated from the scheduled landing site 1000 kilometers. Results When the spacecraft landed at a certain height from the ground, three astronauts ejected from the spacecraft (at that time, it was a parachute landing, not a direct landing), two astronauts landed, and 1 astronaut fell into the forest. Because the helicopter could not land in the forest, we had to send loggers to the scene urgently to open the apron for the helicopter to land before saving people. It was very cold at that time, and the astronauts were frozen in the forest for a day and a night, almost freezing to death. Therefore, in addition to the importance of spacecraft control and tracking technology, the selection and construction of spacecraft landing sites are also very particular.
Of course, the landing point of the spacecraft is not like the landing point of paratroopers. Draw a circle on the flat ground and make a clear sign. The parachutist took control of his parachute and fell into it. The choice of landing site of spacecraft is far from simple, and its construction is a very complicated system.
Shenzhou VII was successfully launched at 9: 10 on the evening of September 25th.
Shenzhou VII returned safely and landed successfully in the return capsule on September 28th 17: 37.
The record of Shenzhou VII astronauts' spacewalk and its significance
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Shenzhou VII reported that the hatch was airtight. [ 17: 10]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: From the camera outside the orbital module, we can see that the sun appears between Shenzhou VII and the Earth. [ 17:08]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Astronauts are testing the airtightness of doors. [ 17:02]
[Report Group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Applause broke out in the command hall. [ 17:02]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: The orbital module is closed normally. [ 17:0 1]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: The hatch has been closed. [ 17:00]
[Report Group before People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Start to close the hatch. [ 16:59]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: You can see the blue earth from the open hatch. [ 16:59]
[Report group in front of People's Network Flight Control Center]: The extravehicular work is completed. [ 16:58]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang has completely returned to the cabin. [ 16:58]
[Report group in front of the People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang was released from the cabin for protection. [ 16:57]
[Report Group in front of People's Network Flight Control Center]: Liu Boming assisted in recycling cables and protective belts in the cabin. [ 16:56]
[Report group before People's Network Flight Control Center]: Start to enter the cabin [16:55]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang is preparing to return to the orbital module. [ 16:55]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: At present, the spacecraft is in good condition. [ 16:52]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang reported that it felt good. [ 16:52]
[Report group in front of People's Network Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang started the extravehicular work and handed over the extravehicular test products to Liu Boming to take back to the cabin. [ 16:5 1]
[Report group in front of People's Network Flight Control Center]: It has left the cabin 10 minute. [ 16:49]
[People's Daily Online]: Zhai Zhigang waved a five-star red flag in space. [ 16:48]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Flight work is normal. [ 16:47]
[Report group in front of the People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Under the black space background, the white figure of the astronauts is particularly clear. [ 16:46]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang has all left the cabin. [ 16:45]
[Report group in front of the People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang greeted everyone outside the cabin, and he was in a good mood and said hello to the people of the whole country. [ 16:44]
[Report group before People's Network Flight Control Center]: Began to leave the cabin [16:43]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang hung a hook outside the cabin. [ 16:43]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang stretched out the hatch with his left hand. [ 16:42]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: The hatch is completely open. [ 16:4 1]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: The hatch has been opened. [ 16:39]
[Report group in front of the People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Zhai Zhigang twisted the handle with his right hand, and the hatch had already opened a crack. [ 16:37]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Open the orbital hatch cover and Shenzhou VII will begin to leave the cabin. [ 16:34]
[Report group in front of the People's Daily Flight Control Center]: Two astronauts reported that the spacesuit was working normally, the preparation for leaving the cabin was completed, and they were in good health. [ 16:33]
[People's Daily Online]: Two astronauts conducted a call test to convert wired voice into wireless voice. [ 16:32]
[Report group in front of People's Daily Flight Control Center]: The astronauts are making final confirmation before leaving the cabin. [ 16:3 1]
[People's Daily Online]: Expert: The astronauts of this flight segment should carry out extravehicular and extravehicular activities. It should be said that this stage is coming. [ 16:30]
Shenzhou VII took China's first step into space.
People's Daily Online, September 28th The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was successfully launched at 2 1 on September 25th for manned space flight. Hong Kong Ta Kung Pao published Bi Xiaozhe's article "China Takes the First Step in Space" today, saying that this time, the three astronauts who took the Shenzhou VII flight completed not only another flight of the Chinese nation-in the first extravehicular activity of the manned spaceflight project, China astronauts printed China's footprints in the vast space outside the cabin for the first time.
The full text is summarized as follows:
With the arrival of this exciting moment, we are full of pride and joy, and 654.38+0.3 billion people in China have witnessed this historic moment. The first step of Chinese astronauts out of the spaceship into space marks another brand-new beginning of China's space industry.
It marks a brand-new beginning.
From 1999, when the Shenzhou-1 unmanned spacecraft visited space for the first time, to 2005, Nie Haisheng and I joined hands to ride Shenzhou VI to ask for the sky. The six-year course has engraved six perfect steps of China people and six new breakthroughs in China's space industry. The key technical difficulties come from launch, return, measurement and control, environmental control ... all of which have been overcome one by one, witnessing the unremitting pursuit of China astronauts in development and exploration.
We have finally reached a historic moment, which will be remembered by history.
This "first step" into space will make China people extremely proud. Once upon a time, New China was as poor as ever, and its technology was far behind that of western countries, even matches and kerosene had to be imported. Who would have thought that earth-shaking changes have taken place in China in just a few decades? History will record the development of China's space industry, and it will never be forgotten. On April 24th, 38 years ago, a melodious piece of music "Dongfanghong" came from the deep and mysterious space, piercing the night sky and echoing the earth. I will never forget that China became the third member of the international "Space Club" when Yang Liwei walked out of the Shenzhou 5 manned spacecraft return module. This is enough to make China people proud, and it is also the most solid step for the sustained and rapid development of China's space industry.
It foretells the future of the country.
The development of space industry, taking into account a country's comprehensive national strength, is also the key to whether a country can always maintain a leading position in the high-tech field. It fully shows that the national scientific and technological strength plays a vital role in the development and promotion of space technology, represents a country's economic and social foundation, and also indicates the development and future of the country and the nation.
Now, it coincides with the 30th anniversary of reform and opening up in China. The achievements of reform and development in the past 30 years are obvious to all: the economy is changing with each passing day, people live and work in peace and contentment, society is stable, the country is rich, and people generally enjoy the fruits of reform and development. The launch of Shenzhou VII will be another vivid testimony of the achievements of reform and opening up, another great achievement of China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization, and another important milestone of China's high-tech development. At this glorious moment, hundreds of millions of people in China should be proud of their great motherland.
The "first step" left by China astronauts in space is a big step in China's space history, and it is the inevitable result of practicing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development and vigorously carrying forward the spirit of "two bombs and one satellite" and manned space flight. We have every reason to believe that the "first step" of China astronauts into space will lead an era and open a new century. (Source: People's Daily Online-Hong Kong and Macao Channel)
The spacecraft changed its orbit this morning, and the "first step in space" of Chinese astronauts is expected to take place on the afternoon of the 27th.
Caijing.com feature/reporter Yu Dawei On September 25th, 2008, 2 1: 10: 04, Shenzhou VII was successfully launched from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
After 200 seconds, the spacecraft fairing is separated; After 583 seconds, the ship and arrow separated at an altitude of 200 kilometers. Twenty minutes later, Chang Wanquan, chief commander of China's manned spaceflight project and head of the General Armament Department, announced that the Shenzhou VII spacecraft had entered the scheduled orbit and the launch was a complete success. This is the 67th consecutive successful launch of the Long March rocket.
After the Shenzhou VII spacecraft entered the elliptical orbit with an apogee of 347 kilometers and a perigee of 200 kilometers, it flew along this orbit five times (about 90 minutes each time). At 4 o'clock this morning, the spacecraft successfully changed its orbit and entered a 343-kilometer near-circular orbit.
According to the plan, when the spacecraft completes the 27th lap, two astronauts will enter the orbital module and close the door of the return module.
According to the calculation of about 90 minutes per lap, the two astronauts will enter the orbital module about 40.5 hours after entering the orbit, that is, at about 2 pm on the 27th, and close the door of the return module. Then it takes about three hours to get ready to leave the cabin, during which the spacecraft will fly twice.
At about 5 pm on the 27th, the astronauts began to walk out of the cabin, and the whole spacewalk is expected to take about 30 minutes.
Yuan Jiajun, commander-in-chief of shenzhou spaceship, also revealed in an interview after the successful launch that the extravehicular activity will be held on the afternoon of 27th.
According to the current general estimation, Zhai Zhigang and Liu Boming will enter the orbital module together, while Jing Haipeng will stay in the return module.
Among them, Zhai Zhigang will wear the domestic "Tian Fei" extravehicular spacesuit, and Liu Boming will wear the Russian-made "Meet the Sea" spacesuit. For the consideration of experts from China, as the most important part of this mission is to break through the extravehicular technology, Zhai Zhigang, wearing a domestic spacesuit, will be sent to complete the extravehicular task.
Outside the cabin, the astronauts will move along the outer wall of the orbital module with the help of the movable handrails and fastening devices outside the cabin, and retrieve the test samples of solid lubricating materials outside the cabin. Then, the "Shenzhou VII" was photographed at close range with a CCD stereo camera. In addition, the astronauts also carried out simulation operations such as screwing screws and installing equipment.
Zhou Jianping, chief designer of manned spaceflight project, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on the 25th that apart from the extravehicular activities, Shenzhou VII also undertook three tasks, namely, the extravehicular exposure test of solid lubricating materials and solar cell plates, the release of small satellites around the orbital module and the test of Tianlian-1 space relay station.
"Tianlian No.1" will increase the sky coverage by 50% for TT&C personnel on the ground in China, establish a TT&C network integrating land, sea and air, and further lay a better foundation for future manned spaceflight to engage in rendezvous and docking and other activities that require higher TT&C coverage.
Compared with Shenzhou VI's flight, Shenzhou VII's flight manual has increased from three to seven, and the number of operating units to be carried out by astronauts has increased from several hundred to more than one thousand. Each operating unit also contains dozens of steps and hundreds of actions.
Before the take-off of Shenzhou VII, Zhang Jianqi, deputy commander-in-chief of manned spaceflight project, said in an interview with CCTV that foreign astronauts usually leave the cabin after 72 hours, so that astronauts can adapt to the weightlessness in space. However, the astronauts of the Shenzhou VII mission will leave the cabin the next day. Therefore, Shenzhou VII has extremely high requirements for astronauts, and the level and ability of astronauts will determine the success or failure of this extravehicular activity. ■
Edit this paragraph: Shenzhou 7 flies with a small satellite.
Core Tip: Gu Yidong, a researcher at the Institute of Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, responded at the press conference to the question of whether there is potential military intention to release the accompanying small satellite during the Shenzhou VII mission. In the next stage, China will rendezvous and dock the spacecraft, which is also a key indication technology of "Shenzhou VII" accompanying small satellites in manned spaceflight project. This small satellite will provide some experience and lay some foundation for rendezvous and docking.
Gu Yidong, a researcher at the Institute of Optoelectronic Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, responded at the press conference to the question of whether there was a potential military intention to release the accompanying small satellite during the Shenzhou VII mission.
Gu Yidong first said that as a new technical experiment of Shenzhou VII manned space application, the experiment accompanying flight has been very successful so far. We believe that the companion satellite will be a very useful tool in the future manned spaceflight project.
Gu Yidong introduced that, on the one hand, the experiment with satellites opens up a new path for future applications. Accompanying small satellites, such as space stations or space laboratories, can expand the functions of large aircraft. In addition, the test of companion satellites can serve large aircraft, such as space laboratories and space stations, for example, observing possible damage to the appearance and inspecting it, thus serving large aircraft.
Gu Yidong also said that China will rendezvous and dock spacecraft in the next stage, which is also a key technology in manned spaceflight project. This small satellite will provide some experience and lay some foundations for rendezvous and docking, including the command, organization and orbit prediction of two aircrafts by the ground system, which is of great reference significance for rendezvous and docking.
In view of the question of whether there is a potential military intention to release the accompanying small satellite in the Shenzhou VII mission. Gu Yidong introduced that in the early 1990s, the Russian Mir space station cooperated with Germany, and also released a companion satellite to inspect and diagnose the Mir space station, and conducted a flight around experiment. American space shuttle astronauts used to release microsatellites by hand and use launch tubes to carry out scientific experiments. Last year, Japan's lunar exploration satellite released two companion stars.
Edit this diary of Shenzhou 7.