What is the history of the development of household appliances?

Brief history of home appliances have been introduced nearly a hundred years of history, the United States is considered the birthplace of home appliances. 1879, the United States T.A. Edison invented the incandescent lamp, creating the era of household electricity. The development of the U.S. electric power industry, for the development of household appliances to create favorable conditions. the early 20th century, the United States E. Richardson invented the electric iron on the market, by the general welcome. The widespread use of electric iron changed the tradition of power supply only at night and prompted other household appliances came out one after another. Therefore, it is believed that the United States of America's household electrical appliances industry was born in the electric iron. 1907, with the prototype of modern products of the vacuum cleaner was introduced. 1910, electric washing machines and compressor type household refrigerators were introduced. 1914, electric stoves appeared in 1930, the room air conditioner was introduced. 1937, the development of fully automated washing machine success. From then on, the production of electrical products grew rapidly, and varieties were constantly increased and updated. \r\n The end of the 19th century, the Edison effect of the discovery and verification of the existence of electromagnetic waves of experiments, for the birth of electronics to create the conditions. 1895, Italy G. Marconi invented wireless telegraphy, contributed to the emergence of wireless telephony and radio broadcasting. 1904, the British J.A. Fleming invented the bipolar tube. 1906, the United States, L.D. Forrest invented the triple-pole electron tube with the ability to amplify. In 1906, L.D. Forrester of the United States invented the three-pole electron tube with amplifying ability. After that, tetrode, pentode, more poles of electron tube and composite tube came out one after another. As the first generation of electronic devices, the electron tube has played a very important role in nearly half a century before the invention of the transistor. 1919, the super-aberrant receiver was introduced, creating conditions for the development of radio. In the same year, the first regular broadcast language and music radio station was built in the United Kingdom, the following year, in the United States, Pittsburgh and built a radio station. 1923 and 1924, the United States V.K. Zworykin invented the camera tube and picture tube; 1931, he assembled the world's first all-electronic television system. Around the end of the 1930s, Britain and the United States have begun experimental television broadcasting, after the Second World War, television broadcasting will be gradually popularized in various countries. 1954, the United States adopted the NTSC system to officially start color television broadcasting. 1963 and 1966, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, respectively, to determine the compatibility of the PAL and SECAM color television system. 1898 the Danish invented the magnetic ( wire) tape recorder, in 1935 the German General Electric Company made a tape recorder, and in 1963 the Dutch Philips Company invented the cassette tape, and since then cassette tape recorders were quickly popularized. \r\n The rise of the electronics and plastics industries in the 1950s contributed to the rapid development of household appliances. The invention and application of transistors, especially the invention of integrated circuits, make the electronic technology into the era of microelectronics technology, there was a huge leap, so that household appliances to a new level. 70's, the introduction of micro-computer, promoting the development of household appliances to automation and intelligence, a number of high-tech household appliances appeared one after another. \r\n Classification of the scope of household appliances, countries vary, the world has not yet formed a unified classification of household appliances. At present, there are mainly two methods of classification according to the function and use of the product and according to the electrical working principle of the product. The latter will be divided into refrigeration, electric heating, electric, electronic appliances, four categories, this classification is not very perfect. According to the product function and use of classification is more common, but the specific method of classification of different countries, roughly divided into 8 categories. \r\n ① refrigeration appliances: also known as freezing appliances. Used for items (mainly food) frozen, cold storage, including household refrigerators, cold drink machines. \r\\n ② air conditioning appliances: also known as air conditioning appliances. Used to regulate indoor air flow, temperature, humidity and remove dust in the air, including room air conditioners, fans, ventilation fans, hot and cold air conditioners, air dehumidifiers and so on. \r\n ③ Cleaning appliances: used for fabric cleaning, maintenance and maintenance of the indoor environment and equipment, including washing machines, dryers, irons, vacuum cleaners, floor waxing machines. \r\\n ④ kitchen appliances: for food preparation, cooking and kitchen hygiene, including electric stove, microwave ovens, induction cookers, electric ovens, electric rice cookers, dishwashers, electric water heaters, food processors, and so on. \r\\n \5 ⑤ electric heating appliances: used for life heating, including electric blankets (pads), electric heating quilt, electric heating clothing, space heaters. \r\\n \6 \6 cosmetic health care appliances: used for hairdressing, facial cleansing and home medical care, including electric shavers, hairdryers, hair straighteners, ultrasonic cleansers, electric massagers, negative air ion generators, etc. \r\\n ⑦ sound and visual appliances: for home entertainment life, including television sets (see TV receivers), radios, tape recorders, video recorders, video cameras, combined stereos and so on. \r\\n ⑧ other electrical appliances: such as smoke and fire alarms, electric bells and so on. \r\n Some countries will be lighting appliances as a class of household appliances, audio and video appliances included in the recreational appliances, recreational appliances also include electric electronic toys; some countries will be household gas appliances (including fuel appliances) and solar energy appliances are also included in the household appliances. The United States uses a mixed classification, household appliances are divided into large appliances, small appliances, air-conditioning appliances, household electronic consumer appliances, office appliances, commercial and public **** facilities with appliances, vending and coin appliances. \r\\n Product basic requirements are mainly safety, practical, reliable, novel, less energy consumption. \r\\n Safe household appliances are widely used, and the user does not necessarily have knowledge of electricity, so its safety performance is very important, the requirements of electrical appliances in the event of mechanical or electrical failure will not cause personal injury accidents. Most countries have promulgated safety regulations and standards for household electrical appliances, and some countries have also made them mandatory by law. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has issued safety rules for household appliances. China has stipulated that the national standards for household electrical appliances are equivalent or equivalent to the IEC safety rules. \r\n Practical utility is the basic characteristic of household appliances. The products should have basic functions, reasonable structure, easy to operate, so that the user does not need to have specialized skills can also be used correctly. \r\n Reliability Reliability is a comprehensive indicator of the quality of household appliances. Average trouble-free operating time is a major indicator of the reliability of household electrical appliances. The production process of the product requires strict total quality management to ensure the consistency and stability of product quality. \r\n Novelty household appliances have the characteristic of beautifying the family, so they should be decorative. Product modeling and appearance should not only be distinctive of the times, reflecting a certain period of scientific and technological level and people's aesthetic interests, and should reflect the scientific structure, the rationality of the selection of materials and advanced technology. \r\n Energy Consumption less to improve the efficiency indicators of household appliances, reduce energy consumption is the direction of the long-term efforts of the major producers of household appliances countries. The Energy Policy and Conser-vation Act enacted by the United States in December 1975 stipulated minimum energy efficiency standards for 14 types of energy-consuming household appliances. Japan enacted the Rational Use of Energy Act in June 1979, which sets standards for judging the energy efficiency of refrigerators and air conditioners that consume a lot of energy, and provides for the installation of energy efficiency labels on specific products to make it easier for consumers to choose. \r\n Popularity rate of household appliances reflects the cultural and economic level of a country. Usually, countries with high GNP, high per capita income and high per capita electricity consumption also have high penetration rates of household appliances (see table).　The main aspects of the development of superpower are as follows. \r\n Intelligent widely used computer control to improve the degree of intelligence of household appliances, showing more contemporary. Household appliances equipped with sound synthesis and sound recognition systems will be able to realize a real human-machine dialogue. Home robots have been introduced. \r\n Automation A variety of automated products such as washing, rinsing, drying fully automated household washing machines, microwave ovens that can automatically cook, etc. have been introduced one after another. A home automation control system that combines home appliances and computers will enable future families to realize work-at-home, school-at-home, shopping-at-home, and medical care-at-home. This high degree of automation of family life has the potential to fundamentally change the traditional way of life of mankind and become a new symbol of human civilization. \r\n Plasticization of household appliances using plastic has good electrical insulation properties and economy, suitable for mass production. Plasticization of household appliances will develop faster. \r\\n Energy saving and multiple energy use of household appliances energy saving technology research has made significant progress. Refrigerator in high-efficiency compressor, low thermal conductivity of the heat insulation layer, improve refrigerant, reasonable refrigeration system matching continues to develop, power consumption has been substantially reduced. Absorption refrigerators that utilize a variety of energy sources have also seen new development, and production has increased rapidly. The most promising way to save electricity is the application of microelectronics and solar energy in household appliances, such as high-performance, large-capacity solar cells developed successfully, solar home appliances will soon be developed.