Depends on what kind of exhaust gas, to the nature of the exhaust gas soluble in water, can be adsorbed by the activated carbon, exhaust gas concentration is not high. Concentration is not high can be adsorbed on adsorption, high concentration can not be adsorbed on combustion. Generally, we used to do the laboratory exhaust organic first wash plus pharmaceuticals, and then activated carbon adsorption, laboratory concentration is generally not high.
How to deal with laboratory exhaust gas? Where there is a laboratory exhaust gas treatment deviceLaboratory exhaust gas dust treatment devices are mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region. More famous such as: Xinlan environmental protection manufacturers. Is specializing in the production of environmental protection devices, which can reduce the cost of a lot of your time, and can provide you with free solutions
Printing industry exhaust gas several treatment methodsPrinting factories produce exhaust gas composition is more complex, the odor is very heavy, but also belongs to the flammable and explosive gases, and the exhaust gas, if it is not purified directly discharged into the atmosphere, if the impact on the surrounding environment caused by a great deal of hope that the following Five printing plant exhaust treatment methods to help you deal with the exhaust of the printing plant.
1, plant liquid gas-phase reaction: high-pressure atomization of plant liquids, the formation of foggy gas-phase dispersion of plant liquid molecules and liquid molecules compared to the great surface area and surface energy, in the purification device within the gas-phase plant liquid molecules and exhaust molecules to form a gas-phase fast-absorbing environment;
2, plant liquid absorption: plant liquid molecules are a non-toxic, non-hazardous, macromolecule highly active long-chain substances, which can be quickly absorbed after atomization dispersion. After atomization and dispersion can quickly absorb exhaust gas molecules, this purification method is also known as bonding polymerization reaction method. Exhaust pollutants are absorbed and purified by the plant liquid molecules, and then become non-toxic, odorless molecules to meet the emission standards. This purification method is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, stable and efficient;
3, absorption method: the method is a mature chemical unit operation process, suitable for atmospheric volume, medium concentration of VOC-containing waste gas treatment;
4, catalytic combustion method: the method is the use of VOC easy to burn nature of the treatment of a method. the VOC into the combustion chamber, at a high enough temperature, excess air, High-temperature turbulence conditions, complete combustion to generate CO2, H2O discharged. The combustion methods usually used are direct combustion method, catalytic combustion method and so on. According to different situations in the detailed design of the more appropriate treatment method;
5, catalytic oxidation method: the use of special ultraviolet wavelengths (C-band), under the action of special catalytic oxidizing agent, the exhaust gas molecules broken and further oxidation and reduction of a special treatment method. Exhaust gas molecules first through a special band of high-energy ultraviolet light waves to break organic molecules, interrupting their molecular chains; at the same time, through the decomposition of oxygen and water in the air, to get a high concentration of ozone, ozone further absorption of energy, the formation of oxidizing efficiency of the free hydroxyl, oxidation of exhaust gas molecules. At the same time, according to the different components of the exhaust gas configuration of a variety of composite inert catalyst, greatly improving the speed and efficiency of exhaust gas treatment, so as to achieve the purpose of purification of exhaust gas.
The five printing plant exhaust treatment methods described above, just more commonly used, for the printing plant exhaust, need to be based on the site for the design of the program, which needs to be based on the amount of ink production, exhaust emissions, exhaust gas concentration and other quotes.
There are several laboratory dehydration methods1. Experimental methods Experimental methods are the essence of the entire experimental design, is the key to good experimental design. Now some of the most common classical experimental methods related to secondary school experiments are summarized as follows: (1) the detection of chemical substances: ① starch - iodine solution ② reducing sugar - Ferrin's reagent, Ban's reagent ③ CO2- - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) - Ca (OH) -Ca(OH)2 solution or acid-base indicator ④ lactic acid - pH.
Laboratory exhaust organic and inorganic which need to be dealt withChemistry laboratory indoor air pollutants are many types of pollutants, the composition is complex, the emission of intermittent, the main air pollutants, including organic and inorganic gases. The main air pollutants include organic gases and inorganic gases of two categories. Organic gases including carbon tetrachloride, methane, ether, ethanethiol, benzene, aldehydes and so on. Inorganic gases include nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen halide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and so on. I hope that helps you a little, to adopt it.
There are several ways to produce ammonia in the laboratory, (1) when using NH4Cl
*** There are three kinds
1, ammonium salt and alkali heating to produce ammonia, commonly used NH4Cl and Ca (OH) 2 reaction, solid and solid reaction, the test tube to be tilted downward.
2, in concentrated ammonia with alkali or quicklime, because the following equilibrium exists in ammonia:
NH3+H2O NH3-H2O NH4+OH- add alkali equilibrium shifts to the left, and at the same time release a lot of heat to promote the volatilization of ammonia.
3, heating concentrated ammonia to accelerate the volatilization of ammonia.
Laboratory exhaust how to deal with what methods are generally used Laboratory exhaust air pollutants are many types of air pollutants, complex composition, emissions with intermittent, the main air pollutants, including organic gases and inorganic gases of two categories. Organic gases include carbon tetrachloride, methane, ethyl ether, ethanethiol, benzene, aldehydes and so on. Inorganic gases include nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen halide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and so on. These gases are emitted directly into the atmosphere, will exacerbate the formation of acid rain, constituting a serious social nuisance, if people inhale more will cause direct harm. Our current university and school laboratories are generally ventilated kitchen piping directly out of the laboratory to form the protection of the experimenter, but the environment is adversely affected. There is also a ventilated kitchen directly mounted adsorption device, adsorption of harmful substances, but the filter must be replaced regularly (belonging to the dry processing). The popular wet method, dry two categories of treatment: 1, wet method of treatment in the laboratory outside the addition of the absorption tower spray, according to the type of exhaust gas a reasonable choice of absorbent liquid, from the top of the absorption tower atomization spray, from the bottom of the absorption tower pressurized into the exhaust gas.
? 2, dry exhaust treatment refers to the gas mixture and porous solid contact, the use of solid surface exists in the unbalanced molecular gravity or chemical bonding force, the mixture of a component or some components of the adsorption process on the surface of the solid. The solid with adsorption effect is called adsorbent, and the advantage of this method is that the device is simple, easy to operate, and easy to realize automatic control. But because of the adsorbent's physical and chemical efficiency is different, has a strong target, so the treatment of waste gas containing different harmful substances must be configured with different physical and chemical efficiency of the adsorbent, in order to play a good role in gas purification; if the waste gas through the adsorbent for a shorter period of time, the content of harmful substances in the waste gas is too high, the effect of waste gas purification will not be ideal; in the waste gas through the adsorbent media, due to the air flow by the solid media blocking When the exhaust gas passes through the adsorption medium, due to the airflow is blocked by the solid medium, the power of the fan must be increased in order to ensure the normal air speed of the ventilation system. The adsorbent needs to be replaced or regenerated periodically to ensure the normal execution of the absorption device. Therefore, this method needs to invest a certain amount of money and manpower in practical application, this method is generally used for exhaust gas treatment of hazardous substances in the type of relatively stable and low content of exhaust gas, so as to facilitate the use of a targeted adsorbent. Dry exhaust treatment generally use organic gas activated carbon adsorption device, the principle is that the activated carbon has a lot of micropores and a large surface area, relying on molecular gravity and capillary effect, can make the solvent vapors and volatile substances adsorbed on the surface, but also according to the boiling point of different substances, the adsorption of the substance will be precipitated by steam. When using steam as a desorption medium, the precipitated organic solvent vapor and water vapor together through the condenser condensation, into the separation barrel by separating the recovery of organic solvents.
There are several ways to make methane in the laboratoryAnhydrous sodium acetate and soda lime mixed with heating to make methane
Anhydrous sodium acetate is made from ordinary sodium acetate crystals (CH3COONa-3H2O) heated and dehydrated
Soda lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide and quicklime, in the form of granules. If there is no slaked lime can be obtained by the following method: in an iron or porcelain evaporating dish placed two calcined and ground quicklime, and then add a saturated sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture is evaporated, calcined, ground that is.
CH3COONa+NaOH==CH4+Na2CO3
How many ways are there to dispose of garbage?Basically, there are three main treatment methods
1. Landfill treatment
Landfill is an effective method for the large amount of municipal garbage, and it is also the final treatment of all the residues of the garbage treatment process, and at present, direct landfill method is commonly used in China.
The so-called direct landfill method is to fill the garbage into the pit has been prepared to cover the compaction, so that its biological, physical and chemical changes, decomposition of organic matter, to achieve the purpose of reducing and harmless.
Tianjin City, south of the Water Park with the garbage heap mountain, creating an artificial environment, turning harm into benefit, the project covers an area of nearly 800,000 square meters, to the garbage and engineering waste soil according to 1:1 with the soil source as a heap mountain, for the leachate and the methane produced by the fermentation and the stability of the hill, etc., have taken the necessary measures.
The United States Kansas City (Kansas City) is a small city, not much population, the city is surrounded by a vast countryside, away from the city of a hilly mountainous low-lying selected landfill, in order to prevent secondary pollution, to take the following measures:
(1) paved at the bottom and around the impermeable layer;
(2) layered paving, that is, stacking a layer of garbage, which is then covered with soil and compacted, and, according to the introduction, some of the garbage dumping layers are also installed with air conduction and conduit pipes, and utilize the methane gas produced.
In Koto Ward, Tokyo, Japan, there is a densely wooded, flowery land that people call "Yumeshima," and Yumeshima is all reclaimed from garbage.
However, many cities in our country still have most of the garbage to take the open pile, without any protective measures. Every garbage dump has become a source of pollution, mosquitoes and flies, rats and mice, the stench of the sky, a large number of garbage sewage from the surface into the ground, the urban environment and groundwater sources caused serious pollution. Shenyang City, once on the 35 landfills in the 10 drill sampling, analysis of garbage fault samples and groundwater quality, the analysis results found that:
1, groundwater quality deterioration, serious pollution, water turbidity stink, water are detected anaerobic Escherichia coli;
2, the garbage fault samples are detected toxic and harmful substances. Every day in Shanghai, there are tons of garbage transported to the suburbs of the seaside piling, a mountain of garbage up to 20-30 meters high, causing serious pollution of the surrounding environment.
Landfill disposal is one of the most common methods of garbage disposal, which is characterized by low disposal costs and simple methods, but is prone to cause secondary pollution of groundwater resources. With the increase in the amount of urban waste, landfill sites close to the city are becoming less and less suitable for landfill sites, and the opening of remote landfill sites has greatly increased the cost of waste discharge, so that the high cost can not even afford.
2. Incineration
Incineration is a method of placing garbage in a high-temperature furnace to fully oxidize the combustible components, and the heat generated is used to generate electricity and heat. The waste-to-energy system jointly developed by Westinghouse and O'Connor has been successful. The system's incinerator in the combustion of garbage can be humidity up to 7% of the garbage into a dry solid for incineration, incineration efficiency of more than 95%, at the same time, the incinerator surface of the high temperature of the heat can be converted into steam, which can be used for heating, air conditioning units and steam turbine power generation and other aspects of the United States part of the incineration plant's main technical indicators are listed in Table 1.
Shijiazhuang City, China, built the incineration station, the Shenyang Municipality Environmental Science Research Institute introduced the Japanese waste incineration device for hospitals and other units of special waste for harmless treatment, incineration process produces residual ash about 5% of the weight of the biological waste before incineration, generally high-quality phosphate fertilizer. In recent years, China's waste incineration to generate renewable energy technology is increasingly given attention.
The advantages of incineration treatment is a good reduction effect (incineration residue volume reduced by more than 90%, weight reduction of more than 80%), treatment thoroughly. However, according to U.S. reports incineration plants are extremely expensive to build and produce. In most cases, the value of the electricity generated by the equipment is much lower than the expected sales, leaving the local *** with a huge economic loss. Incineration is highly toxic due to the presence of certain metals in the waste, creating secondary environmental hazards. Incineration requires that the calorific value of garbage is greater than 3.35MJ/kg, otherwise, new combustion agents must be added, which will make the implementation of the cost of increasing to the point that the average city can hardly afford.
3. Composting
The domestic garbage is piled up into a heap, insulated to 70 ℃ storage, fermentation, with the help of microbial decomposition of garbage in the ability to decompose organic matter into inorganic nutrients. After composting, the household garbage becomes hygienic and odorless humus. Both the solution to the garbage outlet, but also to achieve the purpose of re-resourcing, but the amount of domestic waste composting, low nutrient content, long-term use of easy to cause soil condensation and groundwater quality deterioration, so the scale of composting is not easy to be too large.
Regardless of the landfill, incineration or composting treatment of municipal waste, there must be pre-treatment.