Han dynasty yangzhou jade carving in the process of economic and political changes, more further development. after 1949, yangzhou han dynasty unearthed artifacts more, yangzhou jade to the han dynasty, by the development of small pieces of work from the decoration of the bracelet, yuhuanxian development to look at the rain butterflies, bisexuals, banefulness from the unearthed jade artifacts. in yangzhou in 1980, the northwestern gaoyou huixian city tianshan tombs unearthed artifacts have fish round. Wang Bi-Mi three-measure variations of the large diameter of 21.8 centimeters, both positive and negative carving spiral pattern, a shallow carving jade, carving exquisite patterns elegant. Yu Yuan 13.4 cm in diameter, the carving pattern is also a spiral pattern, its carving style is very local characteristics. Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xu Liu Xu Guang Wang's son's tomb is known as the 64-year reign. These completely unearthed jade, Yangzhou jade carving in the Han Dynasty level and development.
During the Tang Dynasty, thousands of kilometers of canals were dug out and navigated, located in the Canal and Yangtze River confluence of Yangzhou. Became the north-south transportation choke point, naturally became a major port, one of China's foreign trade. Economic prosperity, the prosperity of all industries, there is "between the river push, Guangling town, rich historical records. Tang Dynasty Yangzhou jade carving, handicrafts flourished, then a new development. On the one hand, the aristocratic gentry's pavilion building decoration flaunted the interests, but so-called "carved jade household" who is also. On the other hand, in the folk small pieces of jadeite accessories supplies began the trend, Yangzhou jade and jadeite carving skills also began foreign exchange. Tianbao years (753 years), Daming Temple high hate Jianzhen went to Japan to preach Yangzhou with up to 185 jade made of painters, rosewood carving, embroidery, visible Tang Dynasty Yangzhou jade carving Sheng.
Song, Yuan, Ming era, Yangzhou jade display aspect of the development, has become increasingly rich varieties, birds and flowers, vases Zhuo hollowing, round carving technology also began in the Song Dynasty. By the Qing dynasty metabolism Kun introduction: his state of being Kang Shanjiang's family witnessed the Song dynasty, Yangzhou made exquisite jade tower. He said: "Spring Cao Tang collection of writings described as" Song Jade Linglong Tower Tower jade white, defective rice cluster absolutely no matter. Seven inches high. Seven, six sides of the system, face to face it ... Top small cable chain system of all the top hexagonal never obstacles, said: seven wonders mo can fungus vegetarian. "Yangzhou jade carving skeleton carving techniques and chain production skills from this vivid description, great progress can be seen. Yuan Dynasty, Yangzhou jade furniture items increasingly Kung Fu, artists have begun to apply natural materials produced by the "Shanzi carved.
Now Yangzhou Museum is located in the possession of a pass, Shanzi's late Yuan carved white jade production performance, such as the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" storyline, the characters on the mountain carving concise single fan. Can be regarded as Yangzhou mountain carving early works. Ming Dynasty. Yangzhou jade began to form a beautiful and elegant style. Yangzhou Museum of preserved products of the mid-Ming Dynasty for the "hexagonal lotus flower jade pot", "Panchi white cup" smooth, fine cut, see who are praiseworthy. To the late Ming Dynasty, Yangzhou jade carving mountain carving "varieties of styles have a new, complex process significantly, to later Yangzhou production of large jade mountain in preparation for the difficult skills.
Yangzhou jade carving craft development to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, we can say that all products can be, higher than ever before, the level of art, especially into the heyday of the Qianlong period, Yangzhou became the country's main production of jade and Jadeite main distribution center Salt Administration, unless the producers. Long Temple Jade Bureau, a large variety of large-scale furniture jade Qing court every year in the case of the age of the court to pay tribute to jade. Such as: the famous white Ruyi Hetian suet jade faceted system of the program jade is spotless, condensation oil greasy, such as fat, delicate and elegant modeling, for the Yangzhou eight contribution", and every year a large number of send payment to the palace palace within the hospital furniture or as a reward for the theme of the "royal merchandise.
Now, the Palace Museum in Beijing collection of Qing, weighing thousands of pounds, thousands of pounds, nearly large jade, Yangzhou jade carving artists. Most of the hands can be seen. Qing Dynasty Yangzhou jade carving skills and high artistic level, large-scale production and business capacity, skilled craftsmen as much, in fact, is unprecedented. These large-scale jade production synthesis show solemn, simple, powerful characteristics and Yangzhou, small pieces of jade, elegant and beautiful features into this contrast is that this Yangzhou jade "South Xiu North Xiong" art style has a great influence.
By the 1950s, Yangzhou jade carving industry began to recover, the main production area of modern jade in China. From the variety of categories of technical strength, among the best in the industry, the gold cup, silver cup and treasures award, repeatedly won the National Quality Award. Now, Yangzhou three Chinese Arts and Crafts Masters, Arts and Crafts Masters, Jiangsu Arts and Crafts Celebrities, 15, 72 senior crafts and other professional and technical personnel. Over the decades, Yangzhou jade boutique rising and falling, an endless stream of excellent works, retaining the traditional style of mellow and simple jade and beautiful scenery known as a good worthy of a good representative of modern Chinese jade.
Yangzhou jade, comprehensive inheritance and development of traditional fine craftsmanship. Tree artists have designed a large number of smooth, exquisite jade, cut the level of art still lives in the forefront of the fierce, products in the international market reputation. Hearth Vase. Yangzhou Jade, carved in six major categories of figures, flowers, birds, animals, antiquities, and mountains, with a full range of color varieties. Faceted White Jade Pagoda Furnace" In the early 1970s, the National Jade Appraisal Blockbuster Exhibition 1981 in Tokyo, Nagoya Counter, highly appreciated by the Japanese people from all walks of life. In 1986 cut into the "white jade five lines tower, the main tower of seven octahedron, 105 cm high, 32 cm wide, eight jade chain, 440 circles of chain from the four sides connecting the four towers, constituting a group of rare masterpieces of the ancient jade tower; Zhuo system in the same year, "Xiongfeng figure jasper mountain, through 120 cm high, 90 cm wide, weighing More than 1,000 kilograms, the famous stone carvings as the theme of the set of Leshan Buddha, Dazu Stone Buddha, Longmen Buddha, Yungang Stone Buddha in a composition of a profound m blessed wonderland. The exhibition caused a sensation when the press share capital has been announced, and highly rated Hong Kong newspaper said that after two hundred years this Jasper Mountain "was presented to the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing dynasty, China's Jade Dayu ruling the water figure only seen in the jade treasures, which fully embodies the new level of Chinese jade carving techniques, the use of sapphire in 1989" Hundred Shou Ruyi using the Shanzi carving process cut into white jade mountain terracotta country cut into eggshell process, won the country in 1990 the Gold Cup. 5 Jade in the Museum of Treasures, China Arts and Crafts Treasures evaluated by the state, is now housed.
For a long time, people regarded jade as treasure. In the loss of long, crystal moist, solid, detailed, rough synthesis, smooth and beautiful resistance to heirloom treasures, or as a family heirloom, is a work of art, has a high economic value. China's jadeite carving craft has a long history, according to evidence, about six thousand years. As early as in the Neolithic era, our ancestors used to make utensils from mixed stone, jade beautiful stone identification.
Shangzhou period, Zhuo has gradually cut considerable skill in the production process, consultation, do not know people already know how to use beautiful colors to increase the beauty of the artifacts. Jade use also gradually expanded, cut into rituals, musical instruments, as well as a variety of ornaments, enshrined in temples or worn on the body, in worship, Wisdom Recruitment Alliance application, even when the two armies confrontation agreement to make peace when using jade as a token, the so-called "turn the war into jade. Slave society, jade has become the king, the nobleman's noble status symbol, a symbol of power, is a symbol of wealth, the formation of a "gentleman must wear jade" atmosphere. Feudal society is particularly prevalent. Qin city yellow is the largest jade material, cut into six carved seals, named Yuxi. From then on, with the jade seal, since the feudal dynasty was one of the symbols of the highest power of the state. At the same time, the ancients used jade as a symbol of nobility, purity, goodwill and good fortune.
The ancients said: "gentleman than virtue in jade colorful, wet and moist zephyr, benevolence and careful millet, also known as even goodness, justice, hanging as pendant, etiquette; Guangdong everyone, the letter of the Road also. "Throughout history, many beautiful language? Often in literature and jade connection, it is not accidental. Chinese jade, with its excellent technology and beautiful shapes, is renowned as the world's "Oriental art," as a product of the construction of material and spiritual civilization, which, for thousands of years, has been the true bringer of human goodness and beauty. The cultural and historical city of Yangzhou is one of the important sources of jade carving craftsmanship in China, which can be traced back to the ancient times. Existing jade craftsmanship when the Xia Dynasty in the Yangzhou area.
[Jade]
Hetian Jade
Distributed across the northern slopes of the Kunlun Mountains in the 1500-kilometer stretch of Xinjiang's Shache-Tashkorgan, Hotan-Yutian-and-Tepeh, **** has nine origins. The mineral composition of Hotan Jade is mainly based on tremolite-actinolite containing traces of tremolite, serpentine, graphite, magnetite, and other minerals, forming a variety of colors such as white, lime green, black, and yellow. The majority of the jade is of some variegated color. Jade is translucent, polished to a resinous luster, and has a hardness of 5.5 degrees to 6.4 degrees. Hetian jade in 3500 meters above sea level 5000 meters high rocks, long-term differentiation stripping solution, for the size of the fragments, collapsed on the mountain slopes, and then ripe with rain into the river. After the dry run in the fall, the pieces of jade collected in the riverbed are called seed jade, and the mountain material is mined in the rocks. The earliest jade artifacts associated with Hetian Jade date from the Yinxu tomb of Wu Hao. During the Spring and Autumn period Hetian jade gradually became the main Yuzhe collection material mined from the mountain material, which began during the Qing Dynasty. During the Zhuo period, the Qing Emperor Qianlong's Dayu ruled the jade mountain, green jade before ￡10007, that is, from the mountain closely le tower collection system.
Yellow and
Hotan Jade, the economic value of Hotan Jade is assessed on the basis of purity, color and texture, the main varieties are:
</ ①White Jade: Containing a flash of stone, more than 95% of the pure white color, texture, delicate, glossy and moist Hotan Jade fine varieties. In the period of economic prosperity, the Han and Song dynasties, the Qing dynasty several jade, attaching great importance to the selection of high-quality white jade is often heavily engraved.
②Sheep's fat: high-grade white jade, fine and pure texture, a flash of stone up to 99%, color white cream subtle luster, the same weight jade, its economic value several times JADE. the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty Qianlong era is very respected sheep's fat.
③ QINGTIAN JADE: the texture of the white jade without significant differences, the only jet white with a faint green, white SANYU HOTAN JADE jade, the economic value of the jade, slightly less than.
4 sapphire color, light green, green, gray, white is known as sapphire, uniform color, fine texture, equipped with flash, through the stone 89%, actinolite 6% was greasy luster, rich reserves, is the ancient system of jade collected or mined varieties.
⑤ Topaz: base system is white, yellow tint, due to long-term penetration of surface water of iron oxides formed by the gap. Named according to chromaticity: dense wax yellow, chestnut yellow, okra, yellow, yellow, yellow, yellow, egg yolk variations. The chromaticity of thick dense waxy yellow, yellow, and maroon is extremely rare, and its value can reach that of mutton fat. Homophones in the Qing dynasty topaz "empire", and rare, once the economic value exceeds mutton fat.
6 Sugar Jade: Iron oxide infiltrates the stone or shades of red hull, crimson "Sugar Jade, Tiger Jade", white pink, known as "pink jade in a flash." Sugar Jade is often made of white two-colored jade material, which can be made into beautiful colored jade or jade said. Snuff bottles of sugar jade skin carved seed hollowing, "gold and silver wrapped", also diffuse. Ink jade (7): stone folder graphite, the magnet component is black, ink jade is mostly gray or gray ink jade folder black mottled, shaping the life of a flash of "dark clouds piece, light ink light, gold sable beard beauty from the thick densely-packed black dots known as pure lacquer ink is higher than the value of other varieties of ink jade. Ink jade waxy luster, uneven color should not be engraved ornamentation, more inlaid gold and silver wire vessels.
8 jasper: produced in Junggar Jade Mine, known as the "Tianshan Jasper gray-green, dark green, dark green, dark green, color and lustre of the pure dark green for the top grade in a folder, there are spots, black dots, or poor quality sand gun jasper flash, more than 85% of the stone, translucent, fine texture, grease luster, for the mid-range of the jadeite.
Dosan
Dosan Jade, Henan Nanyang Dosan Jade, also known as "Nanyang Jade" or "Henan Jade, also known as "Dosan Jade".
As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancients mined Dushan jade, Anyang Yinxu women a lot of Dushan jade products. Tomb unearthed jade Western Han Dynasty, he said, Dushan jade mountain.
Turquoise
Turquoise, also known as "emerald", is a blue jade. A variety of jade, it is a particular favorite of the American Southwest and the Muslim world. The December birthstone custom in the world is that turquoise symbolizes victory and success. Turquoise crystals are very small, waxy and opaque. Mostly azure, dark blue, green, blue, green, green, white, uniformly colored blocks, usually with distributed white streaks, speckles, or dark brown lines of quality turquoise is mainly used in the production of rings, earrings, pendants, or carved statues of Buddhas, nymphs, landscapes, flowers, and other works.
Other jades besides the four famous jades mentioned above are of several varieties such as "Jade in China", but most of them belong to the low-grade jade. ...... / a>
Magate
The word agate originates from the Buddhist scriptures, the grain color color like agate" name. Agate originates from a wide distribution in almost all provinces, areas of major origin Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Hubei, Xinjiang, Jiangsu, Liaoning Fuxin Agate City" reputation.
Pure quality agate white, red, gray, brown, blue, green and other colors, often containing pigment ions or other impurities, red and white more dazzling, white incomparably beautiful agate color, the ring is generally surrounded by bands such as ring, known as chalcedony stalls Bizi Ant Nao low.
The varieties of agate and chalcedony, mainly the following:
A) Onyx: very fine straight lines in parallel patterns with the most precious varieties of red onyx.
B) Water gall agate: natural agate, produced in hollow water-carrying compartments "known as" water gall agate tanks can be divided into a number of "guts", "gall" bold water, high transparency, better, precious chalcedony. High, better, precious jade.
C) Fire Agate ring flashes a reddish luster, it is called "Fire Agate.
D) Eastern Red Agate: Japanese red agate.
E) Chrysoprase: Pink and green colors that surround.
F) Agate color: red surrounded by
G) Jasper: color red, earthy yellow, gray and other colors, the composition of the impure chalcedony, the color is divided into "red jasper," green tourmaline stone "
G) Jasper: color red, earthy yellow, gray and other colors, composition impure chalcedony, color is divided into" red jasper "green tourmaline stone".
Plum Blossom Jade
In Ruyang County, Henan Province, also known as "Yuzhou Yu" brightly presents a beautiful plum blossom blossom pattern or other patterns, hence the name. Miyu, black, brown, red and grey background better black background, plum blossom pattern color is red, green and white pattern in the black background, at the same time multi-color plum blossom jade boutique.
Qinghai Jade
In Qinghai, hence the name. Beautiful shape, color white or light gray background with green markings, jadeite more delicate translucent appearance jadeite approximation of unscrupulous traders posing as jadeite jade.
Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli, sodium, calcium-aluminum silicate mineral color is dark blue, sky blue or purple blue, opaque jade, glassy luster, hardness 5-6 Lapis lazuli due to the color of the solemn, often used to make statues of Buddha, Buddha beads, snuff bottles, bottle guards, as well as watches and clocks, jewelry, etc., Ithaca can also be used to make rings. Lapis lazuli color bright blue, pure quality, and contains a small amount of pyrite Venus high-grade.
Hibiscus stone
Hibiscus, also known as "rose quartz, rose quartz, Changnan Yu a pink translucent to transparent quartz lumps, glassy luster or greasy luster, hardness of the quality of hibiscus hibiscus in Xinjiang, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, and Brazilian production of hibiscus hibiscus hibiscus is mainly used for cutting and polishing, necklaces, heart shapes, and small ornaments. Hibiscus hibiscus color depth is better, the deeper the pink as close to white light as possible, the pink is minimal
Malayan Jade
/>Produced in Malaysia, it is a stained quartzite dyed green, glassy luster and hardness of 7, with a greenish appearance and a higher degree of transparency. Malaysia's abundance of raw materials and low value-added make it suitable for the production of some low-grade accessories.
Dongling
Produced in India, is a green chrome mica quartzite, slightly transparent - translucent jade like stars in the green scales spreading very beautiful quality quartzite jade varieties, mainly used in the production of beads necklaces and other accessories.
Secret Jade
Produced in Mixian County, Henan Province, hence the name. It is also known as Henan Jade. White translucent color - light green, used as jade is mostly made of dyed, mainly apple green and orange-red, green amazingly better, mainly used for making jewelry or ornaments, the case of low-grade jade.
BR p>Your Jade
Produced in Guizhou, hence the name. It is also known as Guizhou Jade with a light green color and a glassy luster, but not purely impurities such as low-quality jade, and is a low-grade jade material.
Beijing White Jade
In the suburbs of Beijing, hence the name. Fine texture, white and uniform, and greasy and smooth, crystal clear jade products, popular jade species.
Wood Variation Stone
It looks like dense, hard wood, hence the name. Jadeite hardness 7. yellow-brown, cinnamon, purple, blue, blue-green, blue-gray and other colors, including the yellow cat's eye effect known as hawkeye stone, brown and blue, while the highest value of hawkeye stone. Quality Hawkeye Blue Mesquite, mainly used in the production of bracelets, ring is known as zebra tiger eye stone, tiger eye stone, cat's eye effect is mainly used in the production of bracelet beads and necklace beads, large particles of material in the shape of an egg ring, but the cat's eye stiffened, this value is not high.
Blue sky
In Lantian, its name. Blue sky of one of the ancient famous jade Lantian jade fine texture, hardness of 4, processing performance is good, the color of beige and apple green jade pillow production quality, fitness ball, wine set, is a popular low-grade jade.
Lingbi Jade
One of the traditional famous jades in Chinese history, there are many varieties, the most famous red Anhui snail, gray Anhui Lobelia hardness of 3 produced in Lingbi County, Anhui, hence the name. 4, lower hardness, suitable for the production of flowers, figures and animals and other crafts processed after polishing, smooth and shiny.
Baiyun Yu
Produced in Baiyun Ebo, Inner Mongolia, hence the name, also known as Baiyun Ebo Jade, also known as Baiyun Ebo Jade with fine texture. Processing performance of good quality Baiyun Ebo in the flash of a brilliant "gold line" or "gold star" effect inside the gray-green, suitable for making into inkstones, brush holders stationery and other crafts.
Hundred Crane Jade
Hefeng County, Hubei Province, province, also known as the "five-flower stone texture and delicate, beautiful pattern after processing, clear pattern, round, conical, long, the color is green, cream, fruits Xia red, production process, has a high artistic value.
Malachite resembles the tail feathers of the emerald green peacock, hence the name, with a glassy luster, slightly transparent, is a low-grade emerald, it's high-quality, necklaces, ring faces, heart-shaped, and other accessories, but there are very few brightly colored, full of exotic structures, worth a lot of money, and quite expensive.
Wulan Cui
Wulan County in Qinghai, so named because of its green color. Gray-green, dark degrees vary, such as green and emerald green to dark green jadeite white ribbon points Ulan Cui value higher hardness 6-7, greasy luster, slightly transparent to translucent. Commonly used in processing into bracelets, ring jadeite cabbage, and other small jewelry, belonging to the low-grade jadeite luster of the poor, poor processing performance
Category [Jade]
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Ritual jade
Ceremony jadeite jade used in ancient times for religious rituals and state ceremonies. The "Rites of the Zhou" recorded that the ritual jade jade bik, cong, gui, zhang juan, hu six points.
① bi-directional
Bi-directional center hole round flat jade. Ancient rituals, these artifacts can be associated with ancestral spirits. In addition to being used as sacrifices, but can also be used as decoration and good luck, grabbed buried Bijie appeared in the Neolithic Liangzhu culture in the spring, fall term quite fine. Increasingly finely carved jade funerary objects often unearthed in Han Bi Han tombs.
② Jade Cong
Jade Cong columnar tubular jade as the outer square and inner circle. Cong radius said heaven's place, the ancient cosmology, square cong dedication to God's land and sky up, in addition to ceremonial equipment, can also be used for good luck, in the Neolithic Liangzhu culture convergence of burials jade cong appeared the most developed, some of which are engraved with the animal cotton ornamentation, the jade cong's brilliant period since the Han Jade Cong, the inner circle of the foreign short cylindrical, undecorated for the purpose of the Sung Zhi Mei-Qing has become a decorative and funerary utensils, imitation of the antique jade cong A large number of appearances, as a decorative or furnishing jade
(3) Jade Gui
Jade Gui is a triangular or straight flat ancient jade for the rectangular upper end of the jade. Kei azimuth god of the festival, but also for the difference between the levels, and meet the function. The Warring States period Jade Kei Yu Zhang Zhang are the most popular, followed by the Song to the Ming and Qing dynasties are.
4 Yu Jiehm
Yu Jiehm is a flattened rectangular object with a spiral blade at one end, in the shape of a half-gui Chahm first appeared in the Longshan culture during the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty. Zhang Gui, a ritual toward the distortion of the Spring and Autumn distinction is often rare.
5 Yu Huang
Yu Juan Tu, it is curved jade. Department of Han "half of the wall of jade Juan, but commonly unearthed jade Juan only one-third of the size of the two-way, curved holes at both ends, often under the collar can be worn to the grave, which is," Pei Juan said.
6 Jade Hu
Yu play is engraved with tiger stripes or the shape of the tiger striped jade common from the Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty.
Burial Jade
Burial Jade Burial Jade, the ancient Chinese believed that in order to bury the jade convergence, it can protect the body. Jade buried type specially manufactured bodies buried jade, jade clothes, Han Yu, jade grip, nine orifices jade plug protection.
①Jade Coat
Jade Coat, also known as "Xia Yu", "Jade is responsible for the fall of the line wearing a piece of jade to cover the corpse, according to the legend can be preserved corpses do not rot, can be divided into gold strands of jade Coat of jade Coat of jade Coat of copper strands of jade Coat of jade Coat of silver strands.
② Han Yu
Han Yu, also known as "Jade", contained in the burial of the Jade Jade Han Han different generations of mouth shaped jade cicada, jade silkworms, jade fish, jade pipe supplier Zhou Yu Han Han Yu, the Warring States jade pig, jade dog, jade cow, jade fish, etc., any one of a small slice of jade, the more can be used as a mouth is the Han after the Han Dynasty! Widely used cicadas do the early Ming Tombs, see a small two-way claimed Jade Han.
③ Jade Grip
Also known as the "Grip Jade", is common in the Han Dynasty jade held in the hands of the person whose funeral jade is held in the form of a pig-shaped "Jade Dolphin" Jade Juan-shaped jade pendant, and sometimes also as the Jade Grip BR p> ④ Nine Orifices of the Jade Plug
Packer's Nine Orifices Jade Plug, including ears, eyes, double nostrils, before the yin and after the sunshade aims to protect the body and prevent the escape of the essence
PeiYu
PeiYu refers to a variety of jade worn by the individual, which is characterized by the individual is smaller, and most of them can be threaded holes. Peiyu more types of just hair jade penannular jade bracelet, jade bracelet, jade, jade piece, jade belt hook. Wear some groups hanging separately.
/> earrings, shaped like a small Bi jade jewelry, but there is a certain gap. Neolithic jade jade penannular multiple optical components Shang Dynasty jade ornaments often do not have patterns of coiled dragon shape, two opposite, Western Zhou Yu ornaments more oblique knife engraved dragons, cloud patterns, birds Spring and Autumn jade ornaments unearthed Warring States jade penannular
Bracelet
Bracelets are no longer popular since ancient times is the shape of a much smaller, between 2-5 cm in diameter. A basic human wrist bracelet seen there unearthed in the Neolithic cemetery Dawenkou culture jade bracelet is the outer square and inner circle, the Spring and Autumn cycle bracelet flattened round, Tang Dynasty gilt bracelet, the development of the Song bracelet cylindrical ring, flat inner cylindrical light vein patternless, mostly seen in the Ming and Qing bracelet decorations such as joint bead pattern rope motifs, bamboo knots pattern, etc.
In the Commission
Slightly curved conical, it is initially portable. Became the tool for untying knots of accessories, and later said that the symbol of adulthood, from the Neolithic period to the Han Dynasty, the age is not bad, but after the Han Dynasty never see there.
Jade she
Jade is commonly known as the "cylindrical socket trigger finger, thumb early home appliances hook string when shooting arrows, designed to wear. As early as in the Shang Dynasty to the Han Dynasty gradually became a jewelry lost its practical function. Song to Qing dynasty imitation Han-shaped jade pendant slightly exclusive, shape, decoration is also very different.