For enterprises, a suitable and efficient organizational structure can release the energy of the enterprise to the maximum extent and enable the organization to better exert synergy effects. In project management, there are mainly functional, matrix, project, simple, virtual, hybrid and other organizational structures. Among them, functional, matrix and project are the three most commonly used organizational structures.
Functional Organization
Within an enterprise, there are usually departments divided by functions, such as marketing department, R&D department, product department, etc. Putting a project into an existing functional department is the functional organizational structure in project management.
The project manager in the functional organizational structure is a part-time job of the functional manager, and no special project department will be established. It is generally suitable for small, single and dedicated projects, and employees can take care of both project work and functional work.
Project-based organization
In a project-based organization, there are no other functional departments except the PMO (Project Management Office). The entire organization implements project management, and many temporary project departments are set up according to needs, which are generally suitable for large-scale inter-professional projects.
Matrix organization
A matrix organization can not only divide some permanent departments according to functions, but also set up temporary project departments according to needs (relocating personnel from permanent functional departments) , is a combination of functional organization and project organization, and is currently the most commonly used organizational structure.
Project members in matrix organizations generally need to accept the simultaneous leadership of project managers and functional managers .