I think the following are must-haves.
1. Backpack
Backpack is a must for wilderness survival, which goes without saying.
2. Tent
Survival in the wilderness also need to rest, a good tent can avoid mosquito bites, but also to avoid the rain.
3. Lunch box
In the wilderness survival, a good lunch box (preferably with a handle) can play a big role, because the lunch box can not only eat, but also water, heating.
4. Lighter
How can you survive in the wilderness without a lighter? No fire, do we have to eat raw? Haha, recommended U.S. Chipotle lighters. Waterproof and durable.
5. A handy knife
Knife in the wilderness survival plays a very important role, whether it is self-defense or clear roadblocks, whether it is digging or cutting food, are inseparable from the knife.
6. Rope
Rope is also an essential tool in wilderness survival, in the selection, it is best to choose a lightweight rope, which saves space and ensures safety.
7. Flashlight
In the wilderness survival, flashlight is also essential, because always have to face the dark night, here it is recommended to buy waterproof flashlight.
2. What are the essential items to bring for wilderness survivalIn addition to those professional equipment, it is recommended that you bring a small wilderness first aid box (or you can call it "wilderness survival box") when you go on a wilderness crossing or adventure. Don't look at it small, in the critical moment may play a big role.
Box:
It is best to choose an aluminum or stainless steel lunch box (preferably with a handle). This is because the lunchbox itself can be useful for heating, carrying water or melting snow. Plastic boxes are light, but they cannot be heated and their use is limited. At the same time, the metal lid of the lunchbox can be used as a reflector to signal for help in a pinch.
Utility Knife:
It is absolutely necessary to have a utility knife in the field. Although it is not necessary to use a jungle fighting knife similar to that used by Rambo, a Swiss Army knife is essential. It integrates the usual knife, driver, and scissors, but also a saw, screwdriver, file, and even a magnifying glass!
Needle and thread kit:
Whether in the days of the Red Army's Long March or in modern armies, the needle and thread kit has always been a field essential for the military. Of course, the function of the modern needle and thread bag is not only the original simple sewing and mending, the needle can not only pick thorns, but also can be bent into a fishhook in some cases, to improve food, and even save lives (of course, your needle and thread bag must be equipped with at least two fishing line).
Matches:
In the wild, fire is almost everything. It's important to bring wind and waterproof matches, but if you can't buy such matches, you can DIY some yourself. The method is simple: melt a candle and apply it evenly to regular matches first, and when you use them, just get rid of the wax on the match head. In order to utilize the "strong" wind and waterproof function of our DIY matches, you can put them in an empty film box. You can't forget the phosphorus skin (which is used to wipe the matches), otherwise our DIY efforts will be in vain.
Candles:
A small candle is definitely useful in the wild. Modern lighting devices such as flashlights and headlamps that you carry become useless as the batteries run out. This time the candle will show its "hero". In addition to lighting, candles can be used to keep you warm (but don't mistake your fingers for potatoes) and to start a fire. If you cut off the bottom of a mineral water bottle to make a lampshade, you have a field use of the wind lamp, its "power" is big enough, the efficiency of the work is also increased a lot.
Survival Whistle:
It's actually a whistle, but in the wild, it's more than just a black whistle you blow on the field. Now it can save your life. When you're in distress, you can use the whistle to lure rescue or scare away some small beasts (though not squeaking is the best option if it's a tiger, bear, or other fierce beast).
Aluminum film:
This is a 2x2 meter film coated with aluminum, available in gold and silver. It not only protects against wind and rain, but can also be stretched out to make a pergola to protect it from direct sunlight. In cold areas, you can wrap yourself in it to keep your body temperature up. The biggest role of aluminum film is that it can reflect light, so that rescuers can find you in time. Normally, you can also spread it on the ground as a floor mat.
Compass:
Even if you bring a GPS and your watch has an electronic compass, some primitive compass is still essential. In the wild, no one can guarantee that the advanced equipment will not go wrong, and at this point, a small compass can help you find your way home.
Medical tape:
Don't underestimate any of these little gadgets, it's the fastest fixer. It's useful when your outerwear gets scratched and your tent blows apart. Although its basic function is to attach gauze, use your imagination a little and you'll find much more use for it.
The Dovetail Clip:
It's an ordinary office supply, but in the field, it can be useful in many unexpected situations. It's been used to clip broken backpack straps, pants with open threads, and shoes with the soles off ...... While we don't really want to make it work, it might be useful to have a few extra on hand.
Pencils:
What kind of pen do you use when you want to write something in the field? Parker? No, the most expensive may not be the best. The harsh environment in the wild makes the pencil our best and only choice. It is recommended to choose a pencil of 2B or higher.
Paper:
Preferably Post-it notes, preferably white.
A couple of bottles:
salt, fruit sugar, vitamin C. These humble foods can be life-saving in a pinch.
Finally, it is recommended that you put a waterproof Ziploc bag on the outside of the first aid kit (a household refrigerator sealing plastic bag will do, and if you have a professional waterproof bag, it's even more OK).
3. What is essential for survival in the wildHow to face the unexpected, how to apply a variety of survival skills that can be applied to all critical situations, and learn how to find solutions to certain types of emergencies in these conditions of thinking, this is the best preparation you can make for the unknown unexpected events. But you should also equip yourself with a few gadgets that will be listed later and keep them in small boxes so that they are easy to carry around, they are your life-saving treasure box. These necessary gadgets can all be placed in a small box, such as a hard tin cigarette case of 20 sticks, which is almost entirely unnoticeable in a coat pocket, and which should be kept in the habit of being carried about with you. Take care to seal the mouth, and for the sake of waterproofing it should be tightly sealed with a narrow strip of tape, which will also make it easier to carry and to shift its position. Never forget that the most important thing is to carry it with you. Regularly check all kinds of small items in your cigarette case and replace them as soon as you realize which one is not working anymore (such as matches and pills). All medicines should be labeled with usage, dosage and expiration date. Stuff the remaining space in the box with lint, which has two advantages: it can be used to light a fire in case of emergency, and it prevents small objects from banging against each other and making noise. Fire is essential for survival, and there are four types of small items in the box for starting a fire: matches, candles, flints, and a magnifying glass. Matches Waterproof matches are more useful than regular matches, but at the same time are much larger. Regular matches are flammable and not very safe, a problem that can be solved by covering the match head with melted candle oil. To save space, the back half of each matchstick should be removed. It is certainly easier to light a fire with matches than by any other method, but remember not to be wasteful, and use this treasure only when other methods fail. When taking matches from a tin box take only one at a time and keep the lid closed at hand. Do not at any time throw the tin box, or any of them, on the ground. CANDLES Candles are invaluable for survival in unexpected situations, as they can be used both to make fire and as a source of light. Candles should be cut into strips so that they can be easily placed. Candles made of tallow can also be eaten or used as cooking oil in an emergency, but only if they are genuine. Candles made of paraffin or other waxes should never be eaten. However, tallow candles are not easy to store in hot weather. Flint flints still work even when wet. It helps you to keep the fire going after you have used up all the matches. Refined flint is visible to the fire. A magnifying glass is useful for focusing light directly on the fire, and also for drawing and threading needles. Needles and thread should be available in several sizes. There should be at least one large one with an eye that can pass through surgical sutures or coarse cotton gauze. Choose thread that is tough and abrasion resistant and will be wound around the needle. Hooks and Line Carefully select hooks and place them in a small paper bag or pouch. Remember that small size hooks can catch both large and small fish, while large size hooks can only hook large fish. Remember to take as long a fishing line as possible, as it can also be used to catch birds. CompassesPrepare a well-scaled, button-sized compass. Some miniature compasses have a scale that can be very confusing, so make sure you know beforehand. Liquid-filled types are the best, and should be checked for leaks and must be free of air bubbles. Be sure that the pointer moves freely on the shaft as it is prone to rusting. β-lamps β-lamps are crystal luminaries the size of a coin, but ideal for reading maps at night, and also make excellent bait for night fishing - expensive but durable. Trap cords are made of fine copper wire about 60 to 90 centimeters in length, and are used to set traps or snares, as well as to solve many survival problems. Flexible saw blades are usually used with two large, very space-consuming rings at each end of the blade as handles. As the handles take up a lot of space, they can be dispensed with. When they are to be used, they can be replaced with something like a wooden peg buckle. A layer of grease on the outside of the blade prevents rusting. Flexible saw blades can cut through very thick trees. Surgical blades should come with at least two different types of blades. Make your own wooden handles when you need them. Bow ties are used to immobilize the injured area and encourage healing. Ointments are available in a variety of types, preferably waterproof, and should be made sure to clean the wound before use. They can also be torn into butterfly-like structures for ease of use. Condoms make good water bags - at least 2 pints of water.
This answer is from the official website of Extreme Outdoors
4. What are the essential items before surviving in the wildWilderness survival, that is, people survive in the wild jungle with no accommodation. Narrowly speaking, wilderness survival is to start from scratch without equipment, of course, this is too risky not recommended to try. With safety as the premise, want to survive in the wild for a long time, you need to prepare:
Tent: choose a stable structure, light weight, wind resistance, rainproof performance of the double tent is better
Sleeping bag, moisture-proof mattresses: down or goose down sleeping bag is lightweight, warmth is good, but the premise is that it must be kept dry, the environmental conditions of the more humid, the man-made vacuum sheep sleeping bag may be a better choice
Backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, backpacks, and so on. >
Backpack, waterproof backpack cover: the secret of the backpack is that it shares most of its weight on the hips, the frame of the backpack should be in line with your own body structure, and have a strong and comfortable belt
Fire gear: windproof lighter, waterproof matches, candles, magnifying glass, flint, small kerosene bottles.
Picnic gear: water bottles, multi-functional picnic pots, sharp multi-functional multi-folding knife, cutlery
Specialized tools: ID card, binoculars, compass, compass, maps, daggers, tasseled head, scalpels, single-sided blades, machetes, axes, flashlights, hammocks, water bladders, 502 adhesive, knee pads, a bag of balloons, a Kongming lantern, pens, paper, whistles, two climbing ropes, folding spade, needle and thread (magnetized), poison detection silver needle, fish hooks and lines, camera, elastic saw blade, condom (water bag), small mirror, raincoat, goggles, gloves, tweezers, toilet paper, radio, hand crank charger, hand crank generator, waterproof storage bag, disposable tablecloth, waterproof sealing box, sealing tape, life preserver, drinking water purification straws, 6mm solenoid tube 1 meter, multi-tool, electric wire, electric tape.
Water, food: salt, dry meat, candy, fat, squash, soup, compressed cookies.
Life-saving kit: antidote, bellyache pills, burn cream, anti-inflammatory powder, cold medicine, sweating medicine, diarrhea medicine, Yunnan Baiyao, analgesic, gauze, tape, cotton wool, bandages, iodine vodka, hydrogen peroxide, wounding and wetting ointment, bruising medicine, cordyceps, dressings, red mercury, ox-huang antidote tablets, patchouli pills, gastric pills, vacuum pumping, Shanghai snake medicine, Jideshun snake medicine, eye drops, oil of ten thousand flowers, antiemetic paste, cool oil, wind oil
I hope it will help the owner.
Reference:
Camping campsite selection of the four basic principles: water supply, campsite leveling, back winds and shady, away from the danger.
The construction of camping camps four basic areas: tent camping area, fire dining area, water water area, health area. Water supply: after a day of large amount of movement through, choose the camping camp has a water supply, is the key to complete the whole goal of crossing, one can unnecessarily increase the physical consumption of backwater weight crossing, two can have a water source to a large number of sweating and stinking body and clothing on a beautiful wash is a thing of happiness.
Therefore, when choosing a campsite, you should choose a place where there are nearby streams, pools, rivers, springs, and other water sources. Attention 1, choose a good water point after more to look for a good up and down the water route, the water route leveling, in order to facilitate the darkness of the night to get water, in many cases are the campsite leveling, but did not look for a good water route, the result is that many of the friends of the mountain in the dark of the night in the dark to go to get water when the accident occurred.
2, the camp can not choose to camp on the river bank or in the center of the river valley, and can not choose to camp on the inside of the river bend, cut! Some streams upstream of the power plant, during the storage period of the river bank wide, small water flow, if you do not understand the upstream situation choose to camp on the river bank or in the middle of the river valley, once the water release waiting for you will only be an accident, usually looks like the flow of some of the very small streams can not be selected for the campsite camping, because once a heavy rainstorms, the two ridges of the watershed line between the amount of rainfall on a large area will be to the merging line -- that is, what we call the line of water! --that is, what we call the stream valley convergence, it is easy to send big water or flash floods, in the rainy season and flash flood-prone areas, especially to pay attention to prevent the emergence of such a situation at any time. 3, after choosing a good camping site to patrol the perimeter of the camping to look at the ---two choices an assessment, choose the cloth settings The camp triggers the alarm rope range, choose a good if there is an accident at night the safe escape route, assess the safety factor of the campsite.
Unsuitable locations for camping are as follows: (1) on the river bank or in the middle of the river valley - water release or inconvenient flooding (2) the inside of the river bend - flooding (3) the windward side of the hilltop - windy, inconvenient to get water. -windy, inconvenient access to water (4) low valley floor - wet, falling rocks (5) dead wood or under a beehive - falling trees, wild bee attack (6) animal foraging sites - -animal harassment campground leveling: after deciding to choose a camping site, will be ready to set up tents in the area cleaned up, remove stones, short bushes and other kinds of uneven, with thorns, with sharp objects of anything all dug out, uneven places can be used to fill in the soil or fur grass and other things, digging and cloth good drainage ditch. Ideal campsite should have a level ground, not wet, and good drainage.
Note that the choice of campsite to have sufficient time to make considerations to choose, so must be every day after noon should start to pay attention to the line of suitable campsite location selection, do not start to choose a campsite in the near dusk, this is a big misunderstanding! In general, after a day of long-distance trekking, it is difficult to have enough energy to choose a better camping site, and moreover, we will not give us too many opportunities to choose. Leeward and shady: camping in the field, leeward and shady seems to be a small problem, but it is the ability to rest and sleep well, does not affect the next day to maintain the energy to continue to complete the crossing of the big problem; especially in some valleys, riverbanks, should be to choose a leeward place to camp, the tent pulls the door of the direction of the wind, not to face the wind, the camping choice of the back of the wind is also taken into account in the field with fire safety and convenience.
How to know the tent mouth is windy? It is very simple, is to grab a handful of sand or snow in the hands of raised, if not, with a small strip of cloth instead of the direction of the tent mouth towards the sand or snow drift direction is the direction of the wind. If it is a need to live more than two days camp, in good weather conditions should choose a shady place to camp, such as under the big trees and the north side of the mountain, preferably early sun, rather than sunset sun.
In this way, if you rest during the day, the tent will not be too hot and stuffy; there is another way is to use the altitude table or compass to determine the direction to the east, we know that the sun is rising from the east, choose the east side of the tent in front of the ridge or a large tree blocking the sunrise, then you can continue to sleep in the morning a good night's sleep. Note 1, all the tent door in the area where the tent is set down, it is best to face the same direction, the safe distance between the tent and the tent is 1 meter, in the absence of the need to try not to tie the tent wind rope, so as not to trip and fall during the night to avoid escaping and lead to accidents.
Imagine: if the tent mouth to tent mouth, if there is an accident at night must be out of the tent to escape, we pull open the door ready to escape when they collided together, what are the consequences? To know if an accident in the dark night, the human mind is tense and irrational, what may happen! Camping in the wilderness usually develop a lot of good habits, your safety factor is large, more than others the chance to survive! 2, set up a tent area must be above the wildfire, don't let the fire even the camping situation. 3, camping in the mountains and wilderness may encounter threatening animals or bad people's attack, you can use lime, andrographis powder, etc. *** sexual substances outside the tent area around the tent area sprinkled in a circle, this This can prevent the harassment of reptiles such as snakes, insects, rats and ants.
Set up a camp trigger alarm rope buffer on the periphery of the campground, if there is a large animal to come in and trigger the alarm horn to sound, you must get up urgently to see. Setting the trigger alarm rope is possible to use the small trees on the edge of the campground, if not, you can use a climbing stick to nail the ground instead.
Away from danger: when choosing a campsite, you can't set up a campsite under a cliff, which is very dangerous, and once the mountain is windy, it is possible to scrape down the rocks and other things, resulting in injuries and fatalities. In the rainy season or lightning area, the camp must not be set up in the high ground, high trees or isolated flat, it is easy to attract to lightning.
Camp as close as possible to the village or the nearest point of the house or roadside camping, close to the village must also be close to the road, that is, close to the road, so that if there is an accident, easy to move the campsite and call for help.
6. Essential skills and items for survival in the wildFirst, the basic personal equipment:
1. Safety helmet: a professional helmet with a kerosene reflective headlamp, if not, you can also use a bicycle helmet construction helmet and motorcycle helmet instead.
2. Waterproof and wear-resistant one-piece clothing is the best, and elbow pads, knee pads, gloves, disinfectant masks, high-top non-slip rubber-soled shoes and spare clothing.
3. Close to the medium-sized backpack: the best belt and chest buckle, side straps and buckle interface should be more, of course, if possible, we recommend the use of a tube bag or professional cave bag.
4. Water bottles and water purification straws: water bottles are best used with a moisturizing pot. Cave water is rich in all kinds of minerals, some of which are harmful to the human body, so the water taken from the cave should be purified and filtered briefly before consumption, please note.
5. Perspex lighting and flashlight: the cave using Perspex lighting is the best effect, the best with a good line hanging on the body and with the headlamp and flashlight with the use of. Don't forget to have spare batteries and spare lamps or bulbs, you need to divide all the batteries into three equal parts, enter and return to the process of using one part, and another part of the emergency use.
6. The food you bring should also be used according to the principle of three equal parts. You should try to bring some high-calorie, lightweight, nutritious food, and with some vitamin-rich dried fruit products.
7. A thin but strong plastic cloth-type aluminum cloth; it can be used to protect against cold, moisture and warmth during rest and recuperation.
Second, all kinds of emergency and first aid equipment:
⒈ whistle: used to contact each other in the cave according to the agreed procedures. Waterproof matches and lighters: used in emergencies. Toilet paper emergency can be used to mark or bandage, stop bleeding. Multi-functional knife is used to solve all kinds of small troubles. Notebook and pencil used to record the cave expedition, sketching cave sketches.
⒉ marking chalk and guide line map: in the case of fork in the hole for marking mark and guide line to help return. Guide line is best to use wear-resistant strong fine nylon line.
⒊棒：Used to assist in lighting, dealing with small animals and signaling, can be replaced by "fireworks". Vials of pest control in the rest of the spray a protective circle to protect against pest attacks. If necessary, use a lighter to ignite the gas, can be used as a flamethrower to attack a large number of pests and small beasts,
Singed large candles: used for lighting, fire and in the rest of the test of oxygen in the air (instead of calcium carbide lamps), when in danger of getting lost in the direction of the fire, looking for the exit of the oxygen.
5. Emergency box: the best use of sealed, lightweight transparent plastic box. Inside the box is always prepared several different varieties of cold medicine, gastrointestinal drugs, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-allergy drugs, anti-venom, anti-inflammatory upper respiratory lubricant, trauma with disinfectant and antiseptic, bandages, adhesive tape, vials of eyedrops (which can be used to clean wounds) and wind-oil clear, and then a few pieces of long, thin, hard plastic tablets, in the encounter with fracture with the bandage and glue as a limb fixation, don't forget to prepare a bag of salt and candies and a bottle of vitamins in a complex. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal of money to pay for the work you do.
Third, climbing ropes and technical equipment (for SRT-trained walkers):
⒈ according to the actual conditions of the cave to prepare a number of different lengths of the main climbing rope, spare rope sets and 10-meter-long auxiliary rope.
⒉ Applicable to different rock crevices and walls of the rock cone, ring type iron locks and karst cave fixed special expansion cone.
A safety belt (preferably cave-specific) for climbing into a fixed body, for hanging from the main rope lock for easy up and down climbing and self-protection.
Singed professional ascender and descender for ascending and descending the main rope between walls.
Be careful with the lightweight and sturdy Crane Point Hammer for specimen collection and rock cone nailing.
Choose a couple of small plastic bands for various types of specimens and rock samples.
After all the above equipment, should be categorized into various types of items, and reasonable distribution of each person's load, pay attention to the custody and use of public **** materials. Before the departure of the detailed geographic location of the cave and detailed trip plan in advance to notify the family and the cave outside the left staff; in the cave notify the nearest communication town or village, in the cave inserted in the mouth of the obvious markers, leaving the participants into the cave time and out of the cave time of the detailed records. It is best to leave a logistician at the entrance of the cave to receive and carry out first aid and communication in case of accidents.
In the whole adventure activity, pay attention to the protection of the natural environment and the spirit of mutual cooperation is extremely important.
7. Wild survival need to prepare some itemsWild survival, simply put, is in the protein-rich region, the local materials to maintain survival; parallel to the survival of the alpine zone (including plateau survival).
Since we're talking about local food, we're talking about skills and equipment, so let's start with equipment in a nutshell.
The first piece of equipment for survival in the wild is a knife. Lose the knife and you're back to the stone age, but of course you can survive, you can smash rocks into rocks and grind stone knives and spears out of the broken pieces. As opposed to not losing your knife, you have to forget the word efficiency, patience and patience in all things, the goal will eventually be reached. If you are going to unfamiliar territory or far from the beaten track, you should take three knives: a small folding knife with a blade length of up to 10cm, a medium blade with a blade length of about 15cm, and a long blade with a blade length of 30cm or more. Small folding knife should be sewn in the clothes, may be in some emergencies after you have only this knife, so it is a life-saving knife, do not spare silver, to buy a good, such as Barker, ka-bar, OPINEL, etc.; in the edge of the knife is the most commonly used knives, folding knives, straight knives can be placed on the belt, easy to take and put; long blade knife used to open up the road, processing of other tools, etc., we recommend that the M9, the jungle No. 1. The M9 is similar to the knife used by Rambo in First Blood, and the Jungle 1 is more versatile and complete. If you are in Shenzhen around the grinding, you can only bring a knife, such as the Swiss Army knife.
The second equipment, is the fire. With fire you will live the life of civilized people, without fire, you and the beasts around you in the same state of existence. Cooking food, drying clothes, deterring wild animals, hardening wooden spears and bamboo Qian, sterilizing wounds and other things all need fire. Kindling consists of a fire extinguisher and a fire starter. It is best to bring the kind of kindling like the jungle No. 1 attachment, strip of hard blocks on one side of the flint, the other side of the magnesium block, the fire first scrape a small amount of magnesium powder to dry leaves or dry grass, with a knife to the magnesium powder direction of the scrape sparks, and immediately get it done. This fire extinguisher is windproof and waterproof, and can even be used just out of the water.
Next is the ordinary matches + candles, matches should be placed in a waterproof container, or dipped in wax beforehand, the advantage is light, but not as many times as flint + magnesium block available, and to consider waterproof. Other things are not recommended, such as zippo lighters, play class is a good thing, but go out to bring enough lighter fluid, otherwise only practice action; disposable lighters are prone to malfunction; windproof matches, you still practice how to stroke the fire before you bring, otherwise it is the same as no fire; magnifying glass fire and drilling wood for fire? It is best to forget that there is such a thing in the world, even if a patient person, the fish may have been caught up a few baskets, the magnifying glass under the still can not see the sparks; drilling for fire is accurately said to be a kind of art rather than technology. If you're in the neighborhood of Shenzhen, bring matches.
The third piece of equipment, is the rope, a diameter of 6 ~ 8 mm, 5 ~ 10 meters long auxiliary rope, will allow you to easily climb up or down the rock wall. The auxiliary rope is shortened with a knot and then helped on the waist or wrapped into a rope stick attached to the belt, which will not affect the flexibility of the action. If you're only carrying one rope, bring a static rope; power ropes are too elastic, and many knots don't work reliably in a state of violent jiggling. Better yet, bring a rope bed, and when you really need the rope, take the bed apart and braid it back into a bed after use.
The fourth piece of equipment, is salt, in all mammals, only the highest degree of human dependence on sodium chloride, lack of salt will not affect the leopard, the wolf's running speed, but the lack of salt will make you feel not to mention running, even walking can not walk fast, feel even if not hungry when the muscles are very weak. Bring 100g, a small bottle, use it when you feel your body is very short of salt, 5~10g at a time, it can support you to walk back to civilization.
In addition to the above four things, all the equipment to make you live comfortably, such as tape, some medicines, a 2 * 2m aluminum film (tinfoil?), can be used as rain gear or to protect you from cold. It can be used as rain gear or to protect you from the cold, a small wine bottle for sipping and meditating or as a water container, some tobacco, a multi-purpose water bottle. Anything more than that and you'll have to carry carry gear or a backpack.