Economy: Sweden has a "mixed economy" combining developed private industry and commerce with a relatively well-developed state-run public ****service sector, and is known for its high wages, high taxes, and high benefits. Forests, iron ore and hydropower are Sweden's three major natural resources, on the basis of which the four traditional industrial systems of mining and metallurgy, forestry and paper making, electricity and machinery manufacturing have been developed and formed. As a country with abundant timber, iron ore and hydropower resources, Sweden focuses on developing an export-oriented industrialized economy. Industry occupies a very important position in the national economy, 82% of industrial products are exported to foreign countries. 20 century after the mid-1970s, Sweden's industrial structure has undergone significant changes. Sweden to increase scientific research and development efforts and investment, the rapid development of high-tech industries, transportation, communications, medicine and health, information, environmental protection in the world with strong competitiveness, once as Sweden's main export sector of the iron and steel, timber processing industry has been gradually replaced by machinery manufacturing, electronic precision instruments and automotive and other industrial sectors. Shipbuilding, textile and other industries are declining, the government has provided a lot of funds for subsidies, restructuring or nationalization. Metal processing and machine manufacturing are the most important industrial sectors in Sweden. Sweden's machinery products are characterized by precision, durability and a high level of craftsmanship. Traditional products such as ball bearings and refrigeration equipment enjoy a high reputation on the international market. The iron and steel industry is one of the oldest industrial sectors. The chemical industry is one of the main industrial sectors in Sweden. Within the chemical industry, especially petrochemistry, petroleum refining is the most prominent, plastics, chemical fibers, pharmaceuticals and fertilizers also have greater development. The automobile industry developed rapidly after the war, in addition to the production of cars, but also the production of a variety of trucks. One-third of the production of cars is sold to the United States. The energy industry plays a very important role in the Swedish economy. Sweden's industrially developed, energy-intensive enterprises, coupled with long winters and long lines of transportation, is a high energy-consuming countries, only electricity consumption per person per year, an average of about 13,000 degrees. Sweden's agriculture and services are also more developed. Sweden's economy is mainly dependent on foreign trade, advocating open markets and free trade. Sweden's main exports are: automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and instruments, electronic products, wood pulp and paper, pharmaceuticals and chemicals and steel and metal products. Sweden imports more than 60% of the goods for the manufacturing industry components and raw materials, mainly: electronic products, machinery and instruments, automobiles and transportation equipment, food, textiles and footwear.
Ericsson was founded in Stockholm in 1876 Ericsson (Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson) is Sweden's largest company engaged in electronics, communications and other businesses, is the world's leading telecommunications production enterprises, its fixed and mobile communications networks, cell phones and information and communication systems and other aspects of the technology, in the international telecommunication industry in a leading position. Ericsson's business system includes: communication network systems, professional telecommunications services, technology licensing, enterprise systems and mobile terminal business (it owns 50% of Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications). As of July 1999, Ericsson had more than 100,000 employees in more than 140 countries and regions around the world. Ericsson has a long history of friendly cooperation with China in the field of electronics and communications. Its business in China focuses on three areas: program-controlled switches for public **** networks, cell phone systems and office switching systems. 1985 saw the opening of Ericsson's first office in Beijing, and in April 1994 Ericsson (China) Co., Ltd. was established, which is wholly owned by the Swedish company Ericsson, and serves as Ericsson's coordinator in China, with its headquarters in Beijing. By the end of 2000, Ericsson had more than 4,000 employees, 24 offices and 10 joint ventures in China.
Founded in 1927, AB Volvo is one of the world's largest producers of trucks, buses and construction equipment, and holds a leading position in marine and industrial energy systems and aircraft engine components. The group is the largest company in Northern Europe and one of the world's 60 largest companies. Its businesses include Volvo Trucks, Mack Trucks, Renault Trucks, Volvo Buses, Volvo Construction Equipment, Volvo Engines, Volvo Aerospace and Volvo Financial Services. In addition, several commercial organizations provide Group-wide support in the areas of engineering, R&D, IT, components and logistics. Headquartered in Gothenburg, the Group has production sites in 25 countries worldwide and sells its products in more than 130 markets. It employs around 7.6 million people***. The Volvo Group's net sales in 2003 amounted to 19.151 billion euros. The group's subsidiaries are: volvo cars (volvo cars), volvo truck corp. (volvo truck corp.), volvo bus company (volvo bus croup), volvo construction equipment company, volvo engine manufacturing company (volvo penta), volvo aircraft (aerospace) engine manufacturing company.
2Norway:Politics:The current constitution was adopted on May 17, 1814, and has been amended several times since. The constitution stipulates that Norway is a constitutional monarchy, with the king as head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and nominates the prime minister, but does not have the power to dissolve the parliament. The Storting is divided into two chambers. Except for the enactment of laws, which are first discussed in the lower house and then in the upper house, all other issues are discussed in the two chambers together.
Economy: Norway is a developed country with modern industry. Existing exploitable crude oil reserves of 4.28 billion cubic meters and more than 4 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Other mineral resources are: 2-5 billion tons of coal, 0.3 billion tons of iron, titanium 0.18 billion tons. Hydraulic resources are abundant, with about 187 billion kilowatts of developable hydropower resources, 63% of which have been developed. The northern coast is a world-famous fishing ground. Agriculture covers an area of 10,463 square kilometers, including 6,329 square kilometers of pasture land. The country is basically self-sufficient in foodstuffs, and food is mainly imported. Industry occupies an important position in the national economy, and the main traditional industrial sectors are machinery, hydropower, metallurgy, chemical industry, papermaking, wood processing, fish product processing and shipbuilding. Western Europe's largest aluminum producer and exporter, magnesium production ranks second in the world, most of the ferrosilicon alloy products for export. 70s rise of the offshore oil industry has become an important pillar of the national economy, for Western Europe's largest oil-producing countries, the world's third largest oil exporter. The main tourist attractions are Oslo, Bergen, Leros, North Cape and other places.
Press and Publication: In 1999, the country published 65 kinds of daily newspapers, with an average daily circulation of 2.29 million copies. There were also about 110 other newspapers. The main newspapers are The Evening Post, The World Road, The Daily News, The Bergen Times, etc., of which The World Road has the largest circulation. The Norwegian National Broadcasting Corporation (NRK) was established in 1933 and is divided into two parts: radio and television, under the Ministry of Culture.
Norwegian News Agency (Norwegian News Agency) (Norsk Telegrambyra -- NTB) was founded on September 1, 1867, is Norway's only news agency, the head office is located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo, Norway, belongs to the nature of the joint stock company of newspapers. The highest decision-making body is the Press Council and its Standing Committee. Managers and editors-in-chief are appointed by the committee to lead the day-to-day work. Norwegian news agency in the economic dependence on the 115 newspapers in the country to pay the wire articles and picture subscription fees. The agency has no branches in the country, but has permanent correspondents in the major cities of Bergen and Trondheim. Domestic news is provided mainly through reporters appointed by the local newspapers. Norwegian news agencies have specialized reporting teams in Parliament. International news relies mainly on transmissions from Reuters, Agence France-Presse and Agence France-Presse International, as well as the Nordic news agencies. It has exchange contracts with many news agencies, including DPA and TASS, and maintains close cooperation with the Nordic news agencies, with which it has joint permanent correspondents in Beijing, Washington, Moscow and Bonn. In some cases, joint correspondents are sent to cover stories in foreign countries. The Norwegian News Agency and the Xinhua News Agency exchanged news letters with each other in 1974.
3 Finland; Politics: The Constitution provides that the legislative power of the country is exercised by the Parliament and the President of the *** and the State *** together; the President is the head of state, with the appointment of the government, in charge of foreign affairs, command of the three armed forces and other real power, every six years, the election of a. The Finnish Parliament adopted a new constitution in 1999, the name of the Organic Law of the Government was changed to the "Constitution". The new Constitution strengthens the role of Parliament and the Government in the political life of the country and reduces some of the powers of the President. The Parliament, which is unicameral, is the highest organ of power and the legislature of the State. It consists of 200 members directly elected by voters for a four-year term. Its main functions are to legislate, oversee the government, and supervise the finances. The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court consists of a president and 19 judges who hear civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court consists of the President and 20 judges and hears administrative cases of government agencies and provincial and municipal (district) agencies. The prosecuting authority is the Public Prosecutor's Office at all levels. There is also a State Legal Ombudsman, who is authorized to attend Cabinet meetings and monitor the constitutionality of the decisions of the President, the Cabinet and the various branches of Government. The President and judges of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court, as well as the Supreme Prosecutor General, are appointed by the President.
Economy: Finland is extremely rich in forest resources, 66.7% of the country is covered by lush forests, so that Finland's forest cover ranks first in Europe, the world's second, the per capita forest possession of 3.89 hectares. The rich forest resources make Finland have the "green vault" of the beauty of the name. Finland's wood processing, paper and forestry machinery and other industries to become its economic pillar, and has the world's leading level. Finland is the world's second largest exporter of paper, cardboard and the fourth largest pulp exporter. Although Finland is a small country, it is very unique. After World War II, Finland relied on the forest industry and the metal industry to embark on the road to power. In order to adapt to the development of the international economy, Finland has adjusted its economic and technological development strategy in a timely manner, so that its technology and equipment in the fields of energy, telecommunication, biology and environmental protection are in a leading position in the world. Finland has a well-developed information industry and is not only known as the most advanced information society in the world, but also ranks high in the global international competitiveness ranking list. 2002 GDP was EUR 139.7 billion and GDP per capita was EUR 268,000. 2004 Finland was named the "World's Most Competitive Country" by the World Economic Forum for the year 2004/2005. "
Finland is the most competitive country in the world.
Finnish children take a sauna in a miniature activity sauna car. Finns love saunas, and in this country of only 5.2 million people*** there are nearly 2 million saunas of all sizes, and every Finn has been fumigated and baptized in a sauna almost since infancy.
Military: The President is the supreme commander of the army. The National Defense Council is the highest advisory body. The Prime Minister is responsible for leading the civil side of defense activities. The Commander-in-Chief of the National Defense Forces is responsible for military defense activities. Military service is compulsory and lasts from 8 to 11 months.
4Denmark:Politics:The current constitution was established in 1915 and amended twice, in 1920 and 1953. The Constitution provides that Denmark is a constitutional monarchy, with the King and the Parliament*** sharing legislative power, and the King exercising executive power through cabinet ministers appointed by him. The King is the head of state, and Parliament is unicameral, with 179 seats*** and members elected by universal suffrage for a four-year term. With a 5/6 majority in Parliament, the government may delegate sovereignty over a certain area to an "international body". The Danish monarchy was established in 1660 and changed to a constitutional monarchy in 1849. Margrethe was born without the right to succeed to the throne because the Danish constitution at the time stipulated that only males had the right to succeed to the throne, and in June 1953 a new constitution was adopted in response to the fact that Frederick IX had no sons. In June 1953, Denmark adopted a new constitution based on the fact that Frederick IX had no sons, which stipulated that women also had the right to the throne. There was another female monarch in Danish history, Margrethe I, who ruled Denmark in the second half of the 14th century, but she ruled in the name of her only son Olaf. As a tribute to the outstanding queen of 500 years ago, Margrethe took the title "Margrethe II" on her accession to the throne. The Crown Prince of Denmark married a commoner
Economy: Denmark is a developed Western industrialized country with one of the highest GDP per capita in the world. It is relatively poor in natural resources. In addition to oil and natural gas, there are few other mineral deposits, and all the coal it needs is imported. The North Sea continental shelf oil reserves are estimated to be 290 million tons, natural gas reserves of about 200 billion cubic meters. 1972 since the exploitation of oil, for Europe's third largest oil exporter. The lignite reserves are estimated at 90 million cubic meters. Forests cover an area of 436,000 hectares, with a coverage rate of 10%. The agriculture, animal husbandry, fishery and food processing industries are highly developed, and agriculture and animal husbandry are characterized by a combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, with animal husbandry being the mainstay. There are 2.676 million hectares of arable land and 53,500 farms, about 90% of which are individually owned family farms. The level of agricultural science and technology and production efficiency among the world's advanced countries, in addition to meet the domestic market, 65% of agricultural and livestock products for export, accounting for 10.6% of total exports, pork, cheese and butter exports among the world's leading. Dan is also the world's largest producer of mink. Industry dominates the national economy, with small and medium-sized enterprises. The main industrial sectors are food processing, machinery manufacturing, oil mining, shipbuilding, cement, electronics, chemicals, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, textiles, furniture, paper and printing equipment, etc., and 61.7% of the products are exported, accounting for 75% of the total exports. Products such as ship main engines, cement equipment, hearing aids, enzymes and artificial insulin are world-renowned. Denmark has a well-developed tertiary sector, including central government and municipal public **** and private services, finance, insurance and other services, with output accounting for more than 70% of the annual GNP. Foreign trade is the lifeblood of Denmark's economy, relying on imports for raw materials and international markets for product sales. The government advocates trade and free trade, and formulates preferential policies to encourage exports. Imported products mainly include transportation equipment, telecommunication products, paper, crude oil, coal, steel, machinery and feed, etc. Exported products mainly include dairy products, meat, fish, furniture, medicine, electronic products, instruments, ships, textiles and clothing. Denmark is a livestock processing production is quite developed countries, animal husbandry accounted for 66% of the gross value of agricultural output, there are a large number of meat, dairy products, eggs exports, its refrigeration technology and food processing, storage, transportation, sales and other aspects are very developed. Denmark is the largest fishery country in the European Union, the fishing volume accounts for about 36% of the total amount of European Union fishing, the North Sea and the Baltic Sea for the important offshore fishing grounds. There are mainly cod, halibut, mackerel, eel and shrimp, etc., which are mainly used for the production of fish oil and fish meat. Tourism is the number one service industry in Denmark. The average annual number of foreign tourists is about 2 million. The main tourist attractions are Copenhagen, Hans Christian Andersen's hometown - Odense, Lego Block City and the west coast of the Jutland Peninsula and the northernmost corner of Sk?ne and so on.