First, personal hygiene people in their daily lives, clothing, food, housing, transportation and labor, rest and so on, are involved in a series of health content.
If there is a lack of hygiene knowledge, no good hygiene habits, it is difficult to have a healthy body, but also can not adapt to the modern fast-paced life and labor. 1, hand hygiene: a person's hands in daily life with a variety of things in contact with the inevitable contamination of dust, dirt, as well as harmful and toxic substances, as well as micro-organisms, bacteria, viruses and so on.
Hand contaminated with dust, dirt, we can see, if contaminated with microorganisms, bacteria, etc., our eyes can not be seen, we must use a microscope to magnify hundreds of times, or even thousands of times to see. Some scientists have investigated that a pair of unclean hands may have 4-40 million bacteria.
Therefore, we should pay attention to a pair of hands of cleanliness and hygiene, everyone should develop the habit of washing their hands often, before and after meals should wash their hands, but also often cut nails to prevent microorganisms, bacteria hide inside. People engaged in the catering industry, but also to develop good hygiene habits, often wash their hands, to maintain a pair of hands of cleanliness and hygiene.
2, skin hygiene: the human skin function is very important, not only can defend against harmful substances on the human body, to protect health, but also involved in regulating the body's metabolic functions. Because the skin constantly secretes sweat and sebum, so the dust and microorganisms, bacteria, etc. are easily attached to the skin, if the skin can not maintain cleanliness and hygiene, not only affects the normal physiological function of the skin, but also may cause skin diseases, such as boils, dermatophytosis, scabies, etc. The skin is not only clean and hygienic, it is also a good way to protect the skin.
Therefore, we should pay attention to the cleanliness of the skin, often bathe, change clothes, remove the skin of sweat, dust and dander and other unclean things, to maintain the cleanliness of the skin. 3, oral and sensory hygiene: the oral cavity is the entrance to the digestive tract, and the respiratory tract is closely related to the temperature, humidity, pH, and residual food residue in the oral cavity, are suitable for microbial growth and reproduction of bacteria, not only easy to damage the teeth, but also can cause a lot of problems, but also to the skin and the skin. Not only is it easy to damage the teeth, but it can also cause other diseases, such as: tonsillitis, respiratory diseases, rheumatic heart disease, nephritis and so on.
We should pay attention to oral hygiene, insist on daily brushing and rinsing, and develop good hygiene habits. Eyes, ears, nose is an important human sensory organs, but also the human body is open to the outside channel, must pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene, correct bad habits, prevent infection.
Personnel engaged in the food industry, more attention should be paid to the oral cavity and the five senses of cleanliness and hygiene. 4, food industry personnel's personal hygiene: ① to have good hygiene habits, to achieve the "two often": often wash hands, often cut fingernails; "three diligence": diligently wash their hair, bathe, change clothes often. Diligent bathing, diligent change of clothes.
② work to wear overalls, overalls should be washed regularly, change regularly, keep clean. ③ In the workplace do not smoke, do not spit.
④ Eliminate the use of hands to grab cooked food. Raw and cooked food should be stored separately.
No talking, coughing or sneezing on the cooked food. Use a tray when serving food to customers.
(5) such as digestive and respiratory infectious diseases, etc., should stop working, timely medical treatment, after the disease should also be checked regularly. Second, environmental health 1, kitchen hygiene: talking about the kitchen, we are more familiar with, however, understand and pay attention to the kitchen processing meals only function, and the kitchen hygiene often do not pay enough attention.
As early as a hundred years ago, a French chef famously said: "Clean is the soul of the kitchen", he said today we still have a good enlightenment. The kitchen as a place to process and produce meals, there are inevitably many leftover food.
These leftover food not only attract flies, rats, breeding cockroaches and other pests, but also for microorganisms, bacteria reproduction provides the right conditions. Some people have done experiments, in the right conditions, a bacteria after 8 hours of continuous reproduction, can become 16 million, continuous reproduction of two hours up to 70 billion.
If you do not remove the leftover food in the kitchen in a timely manner, people in the processing and production of food dishes, there is a possibility of contamination, causing gastrointestinal diseases in the dining staff, and even food poisoning. Kitchen hygiene requirements should include the following aspects: ① kitchen should be away from dumpsters, toilets, sewers, etc., to prevent adverse environmental pollution of food.
② The size of the kitchen area should be commensurate with the workload, not too small. Kitchen facilities should be prepared, the layout should be reasonable.
③ Kitchen should have the appropriate lighting, ventilation, refrigeration, dust, fly, rodent, washing, disinfection, sewage disposal, and storage of waste facilities. ④ kitchen is strictly prohibited to process or use food that does not meet the health standards or health requirements, to eliminate corruption and deterioration, mold and insects, sick and dead animals, poultry, and other animal food into the kitchen.
(5) Sheng raw food and cooked food containers must be separated, not mixed. Refrigerator, freezer, stored cooked food and raw food should also be clearly separated.
(6) cut raw food and cooked food chopper, cutting board can not be mixed, advocate "three knives", "three boards" (raw and cooked surface), should be frequently cleaned and disinfected to prevent cross-contamination. (7) kitchen staff should wear work clothes, wear a work cap, wash their hands before and after work, and pay attention to personal hygiene.
(8) tableware, drinking utensils and containers used in the kitchen, etc., are washed with running water and then disinfected. Disinfection methods include: boiling, steam, sterilizer, and medication. All kinds of tableware should be kept clean and sanitary, placed in order.
(9) every day to sweep the ground, stove surface, countertops, timely removal of garbage and waste. At least once a month on the kitchen "move" type cleaning.
(10) dishcloths should be kept clean and hygienic, and should be replaced frequently. (11) kitchen feet should not be dumped indiscriminately, to be properly disposed of, to prevent contamination of food.
(12) the kitchen is prohibited to keep livestock and poultry. Prohibit toxic chemicals and non-catering related items into the kitchen.
2, the restaurant's health: ① The restaurant should be clean, bright, ventilated, with refrigeration, heating equipment. ② There should be screen doors, screen windows, keep no flies, insects, rodents.
③ indoor furnishings, items, should be arranged in an orderly manner to maintain cleanliness and hygiene. ④ The environment of the restaurant should be decorated, arranged in a civilized and generous, elegant and beautiful.
(5) should be cleaned up after each meal, regular cleaning to maintain cleanliness and hygiene. Third, food hygiene food hygiene is one of the important elements of the patriotic hygiene movement, improve "food hygiene", is the implementation of the "Food Hygiene Law" of the practical measures.
Food hygiene is not good, not only affect people's health, but also may cause food poisoning, and even the prevalence of certain diseases, affecting the economic construction and social stability. 1, raw food hygiene: ① to buy fresh food, especially animal food, such as: meat, poultry,...
2, raw food hygiene: ① to buy fresh food, especially animal food, such as: meat, poultry,....
2. Hygiene and health knowledge
1. How to develop reasonable nutrition and good eating habits? (1) Food should be varied.
(2) Salt should be ***. (3) Hunger and satiety should be appropriate.
(4) sweets to eat less. (5) Fats and oils should be in moderation.
(6) Drinking alcohol in moderation. (7) Coarse and fine to match.
(8) three meals should be reasonable. 2, how to grasp the amount of exercise during exercise? In the exercise without panic and obvious feeling of shortness of breath, slightly sweating can be.
3. How long should I sleep? Healthy adults sleep 7-8 hours a day; teenagers should be 8-9 hours; the elderly have 5-6 hours can be. 4, the time and method of brushing teeth: every morning and evening each time The first step is to brush your teeth for 3 minutes each time, and then brush them vertically.
Hygiene and health knowledge (knowledge of eye disease prevention) 1, how to prevent trachoma? (1) A washcloth for each person. (2) Do not rub your eyes with dirty hands.
(3) Keep handkerchiefs, towels, and face basins clean. (4) Common towels and basins are often sterilized before use.
(5) If you have the conditions, it is best to have a special basin for each person. 2, how to prevent conjunctivitis (pink eye)? (1) Avoid contact with the patient.
(2) Each person a washcloth. (3) The face basin and towel handkerchief used by the patient should be boiled and sterilized.
(4) Do not rub your eyes with dirty hands. (5) If possible, it is best to have a special basin for each person.
Hygiene and health knowledge (summer infectious disease prevention knowledge) 1, how to prevent bronchitis? (1) Pay attention to the cold to prevent colds. (2) Strictly abstain from smoking.
(3) once sick, must seek medical treatment, repeated attacks to identify the cause of the disease. (4) Strengthen exercise, improve the ability to resist disease.
2, how to prevent dysentery? (1) Eliminate flies. (2) Wash your hands before and after meals.
(3) do not drink raw water, eat raw fruits and vegetables to wash. (4) Do not eat unclean food.
(5) Do not use the patient's eating utensils, do not eat the patient's leftover food. (6) Feces should be harmlessly treated.
2, how to prevent intestinal infections? (1) do not drink raw water, eat raw fruits and vegetables should be washed and peeled; (2) alternate meals should be cooked, cooked through; (3) wash your hands before and after meals. Hygiene and health knowledge (disease prevention knowledge) 1, to prevent colds? (1) Exercise to strengthen resistance.
(2) often open the window to ventilate the air. (3) Increase or decrease clothes with climate change.
(4) do not go to the sick house. (5) Go to public **** places less when colds are prevalent.
(6) personal hygiene, often sun bedding, do not spit. 2, how to prevent rabies (dog bite)? (1) After being bitten by a dog, you should go to the nearest hospital in time for treatment.
(2) injection of rabies vaccine. 3, the object of immunization and vaccination of the "seven vaccines" is what? The target of immunization in China is children under the age of seven.
Seven types of vaccines need to be vaccinated: measles, pertussis, BCG, polio, meningitis, encephalitis B, hepatitis B vaccine. Hygiene and health knowledge (anti-SARS knowledge) 1, what is atypical pneumonia and its transmission pathway incubation period how long? In the prevention and treatment of atypical pneumonia, what should the general public pay attention to? Atypical pneumonia is caused by the new coronavirus, mainly through the proximity of droplets, contact with the patient's secretions spread respiratory infectious diseases.
The World Health Organization calls it Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The incubation period for SARS is about 2 to 12 days, usually between 4 and 5 days. The general public should pay attention to the "four early": early detection, early reporting, early isolation, early treatment.
"Four diligence": wash your hands, wash your face, drink water and ventilate. Hygiene and health knowledge (knowledge of prevention of avian influenza) 1, what is avian influenza and its transmission channels? How can humans avoid getting infected with avian influenza? Avian influenza is an acute infectious disease caused by the avian influenza virus in humans and poultry ****.
It mainly occurs in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and other birds, causing a variety of symptoms from respiratory to severe systemic sepsis. According to the type of pathogen, avian influenza can be divided into three categories: highly pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza is classified by the World Health Organization as a Class A animal disease and by China as a Class I animal disease because of its rapid spread and harm. How can human beings avoid contracting avian influenza: don't travel to infected areas; don't contact with live birds; pay attention to disease prevention; pay attention to high temperature killing.
Hygiene and health knowledge (in addition to the four pests knowledge) 1, "in addition to the four pests" of the "four pests" refers to what? Rats, flies, mosquitoes, cockroaches. 2, what diseases can rats spread? Rats can spread at least 35 kinds of human diseases, such as the spread of plague and epidemic hemorrhagic fever, typhoid fever and so on.
The methods of exterminating rats are: (1) blocking holes, firm walls (2) put rat traps and the use of rodenticidal tools (3) throw rat poison. 3, what diseases can mosquitoes spread? Mosquitoes can spread B brain and malaria, filariasis and so on.
The methods of mosquito control are: (1) Eliminate stagnant water, control breeding sites. (2) the use of drugs to exterminate eggs, larvae, pupae 4, flies can spread what disease? Flies can spread digestive diseases (dysentery, typhoid, cholera, enteritis, hepatitis, etc.).
The methods of fly extermination are: (1) good indoor hygiene, eliminate fly breeding sites. (2) using a variety of tools to beat.
(3) drugs to kill. 5, cockroaches can spread what disease? Cockroaches can spread intestinal infections (disease, typhoid, paratyphoid, etc.).
Cockroach extermination methods are: (1) turn over the box, capture and kill adult insects. (2) hot water scalding,, blocking cold seams, holes.
(3) drugs to kill. Health and health knowledge (eye health knowledge) 1, the key to preventing myopia is to pay attention to eye hygiene, reading and writing posture correct.
Doing eye exercises twice a day can prevent myopia. Regular vision checkups are good for early detection, prevention and correction of vision.
When you find vision loss, you should ask your ophthalmologist for a checkup. 2, long time computer use should pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to eye hygiene, the right brightness and angle. 3, the computer can be used for a long time, but it can also be used for a long time.
3, watching TV should pay attention to the time is not too long, pay attention to the distance of the TV screen from the eyes. Watching TV for 50 minutes - 1 hour should get up and move.
4, in front of the table reading and writing should pay attention to keep the distance between the eyes and the book is about 1 foot. Continuous reading and writing 30-40 minutes need to rest to see things in the distance 3-5 minutes.
5, can not read in direct sunlight because the light is too strong, affecting vision. Hygiene and health knowledge (personal health code of conduct) 1, wash your hands before and after the toilet; 2, brush your teeth every morning and evening; 3, regular bathing, haircut, nail clipping; 4, neat and clean clothing; 5, sun bedding diligently; 6, hygienic public morals (do not litter, do not spit); 7, do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol; 8, exercise once a day; 9, in a timely manner to let the child to participate in the program of immunization; 10, do not * * * with cutlery , hand towels, toothbrushes, washbasins; 11, take the initiative to learn about hygiene (through radio, television, newspapers, health science magazines, columns, etc.).
Hygiene and Health Knowledge (Group Health Behavior Code) 1. Indoor cleanliness, no mosquitoes, flies, rats, cockroaches, etc.; 2. Indoor odorless, fresh air;.
3. Health Knowledge
First, wash your hands before meals and after meals: the hand is the body's "diplomatic organ", and it takes the lead in all of people's "foreign activities", such as engaging in all kinds of labor, going to the garbage, brushing the spittoon, washing feet, wearing shoes, and applying stool. The first thing that you need to do is to use your hands to complete the task.
As a result, the hand is prone to many pathogenic microorganisms. Scientists have done such a survey, a hand that has not been washed, contains at least 40,000 ~ 400,000 bacteria.
Nail seam is a good place for bacteria to hide, a nail seam can hide bacteria 3.8 billion. In addition, some people have made a test, acute dysentery patients with 5 to 8 layers of toilet paper, dysentery bacilli can also penetrate the hand, dysentery bacilli in the hand can survive for 3 days.
The influenza virus can survive for 7 days on moist, warm hands. So hands are dirty.
And traveling, study tours, missions, hands often touch some items, will be dirty hands. Especially patients with infectious diseases and some of the surface of the actual health of the body with the virus, often spread disease-causing microorganisms to a variety of supplies and utensils, when the healthy people's hands contact, disease-causing microorganisms will come to your hands.
If you don't wash your hands before and after meals, you can take the bacteria into your mouth and eat them in your stomach, which is what people often say, "bacteria from the hand, the disease enters by the mouth". So we have to develop the habit of cutting nails, washing hands before meals, after work, after labor.
Hand washing can be removed from the hands of bacteria and eggs, hand washing with running water, can wash away 80% of the bacteria on the hands, if you wash with soap, and then rinse with running water, can be washed away on the hands of up to 99% of the bacteria. Hand washing should pay attention to not a few people with a basin of water, so as to avoid cross-infection, spreading disease to each other, the time should be more than 15 seconds.
Second, do not spit, fling snot: phlegm is the respiratory tract secretion of viscous liquid, through coughing action out of the body. Everyone can spit, but not always in a good way.
Some people don't pay attention to maintaining the environment, spitting phlegm anywhere, and flinging snot all over the place, which affects both hygiene and personal image. Some of the so-called "hygiene" people, spit on the ground, with the foot wearing shoes a wipe, that can not see the sputum stains even if the clean, it does not hinder the hygiene and health.
Unbeknownst to us, sputum contains millions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycoplasma. In particular, people with respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza, meningitis and other patients sputum bacteria and viruses more, the prevalence of "SARS" is more so.
Some people test a mouthful of sputum, found to contain hundreds of thousands of bacteria. In a mouthful of sputum from a patient with tuberculosis, the most hated disease, millions of tubercle bacilli can be found.
If you spit talk on the ground, when the sputum dries, bacteria will fly into the air with the dust, and healthy people inhale such dust, it is possible to get respiratory diseases. Therefore, everyone should develop a good habit of not spitting.
Spit in the spittoon, and brush the spittoon regularly every day. In the absence of a spittoon, you should spit in the waste paper wrapped up, and then thrown into the paper basket or garbage cans, consciously do not spit, to maintain public **** place health.
Third, do not cough and sneeze on others: coughing and sneezing is a normal physiological phenomenon, not surprising. However, do not pay attention to the occasion, the face of others or food sneezing is a kind of both unhygienic and impolite bad behavior.
According to the survey, a cough can eject 20,000 very small droplets, a sneeze shot nearly 1 million particles of droplets. And droplets sprayed very quickly, less than 1 second can fly out 4.
6 meters, downwind, then up to 9 meters away. The nasal cavity and throat is one of the densest places for bacteria and viruses, and the spray contains a large number of bacteria and viruses.
A sneeze can be as high as 85 million germs, these tiny droplets can be a long time in the air floating swimming, in the windless indoor can float 30 - 60 minutes, floating time can be up to 30 hours. Droplets of water evaporation, bacteria and viruses with the dust fly, continue to jeopardize human health.
China's statutory infectious diseases, there are 15 kinds of airborne (such as influenza, measles, chicken pox, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc.). Therefore, for the sake of everyone's health, you should pay attention to courtesy and hygiene when coughing and sneezing, especially if you suffer from respiratory infectious diseases.
If you can't help sneezing in front of people or in front of food, you should immediately pull out a hand towel or tissue and cover your mouth and nose. If it's too late, turn your back to the person or food and cover your mouth and nose with your hands.
Fourth, do not smoke: Smoking is harmful and no good, has been recognized by the scientific community around the world. Tobacco smoke contains more than 3000 kinds of harmful substances.
The main nicotine (nicotine), smoke tar, light fluorine acid, acrylic acid and carbon monoxide. Nicotine is a toxic substance, smoke tar contains nitrosamines, phenols, arsenic and radioisotopes, etc., which are carcinogenic or cancer-promoting substances, especially benzo(a)pyrene is recognized as a strong carcinogen.
According to statistics, people who smoke 40 cigarettes a day have a 70 times higher incidence of lung cancer than non-smokers. In addition, smoking is also closely related to lip cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and stomach cancer.
Smoking promotes the development of systemic atherosclerosis and hypertension, so the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and mortality rate of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. In addition, smokers are prone to colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, emphysema and so on.
There are also studies showing that smoking is associated with male impotence. .
Some people say that smoking can refresh and improve work efficiency. In fact, this is a misunderstanding.
Modern medical research believes that the role of nicotine on the central nervous system has a twofold, that is, the first excitement after the inhibition. Therefore, a large number of long-term smokers, the cerebral cortex of the excitation and inhibition process is out of balance, but instead of presenting fatigue, insomnia, memory loss, distraction, decreased work efficiency.
The latency period of many smoking-related diseases is very long, unlike the reaction to eating a highly toxic substance so quickly. So in a short time, people often do not see his harm.
Sometimes it takes decades from the start of smoking to cause death. This is the main reason why people in general do not know enough about the dangers of smoking.
There are about 200-300 million people in China who smoke, accounting for about 1/5 of the country's population and more, and 1/4 of the world's 1.0-1.2 billion smokers. Not only do they consume a large amount of money every year, but many years later, the country and the individual will have to invest unimaginable sums of money in treating all kinds of diseases caused by smoking. At present, Europe and the United States have seen the great harm of smoking, with legal and economic politics.
4. Health Knowledge
1. Why is it easy to have anemia during puberty? A: Because height and weight growth is too fast, the body's hematopoietic function is relatively unable to keep up, it is easy to anemia.
Therefore, adolescence should eat more protein-rich and iron-rich food. 2, what is influenza, influenza is divided into several kinds? A: Influenza for short, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus.
Influenza viruses are divided into A, B, C three types, A virus often mutate, and cause influenza repeated epidemics and pandemics. 3, how to prevent hemorrhagic fever? A: Epidemic hemorrhagic fever, also known as renal syndrome hemorrhagic fever is a rodent-borne viral disease.
Epidemic hemorrhagic fever due to the rapidity of its transmission, and high incidence, often forming outbreaks of epidemic, is one of the national key prevention and control of infectious diseases. After infection with the virus, the patient's initial symptoms of fever, body temperature up to 40 ℃ or more, and systemic symptoms of poisoning, the patient's general aches and pains, as well as vomiting, diarrhea symptoms.
In the middle and late stages, the patient will have systemic bleeding and renal failure, and lead to shock and even death. 4, hepatitis A is how to spread, how to prevent hepatitis A? A: Hepatitis A is an intestinal infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus.
Mainly through the "fecal-oral" route, there are daily contact, water, food and other forms of transmission. Hepatitis A patients and mildly infected people with hepatitis A virus are the source of infection of this disease.
5. How does hepatitis B spread and how to prevent hepatitis A? Answer: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, which is mainly transmitted through mother-to-child transmission, blood transmission and daily contact (*** meal, common toothbrush). Hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers are the source of infection of this disease.
6. How does tuberculosis spread? A: Tuberculosis is spread through droplet transmission, the patient through coughing or sneezing or even talking when the micro-foam containing tuberculosis bacteria, scattered in the air, was inhaled by other people, can be infected. Then foci are formed in the lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys, bones and other organs.
7. What is avian influenza and what are the types? A: Avian influenza is an acute infectious disease caused by avian influenza virus in humans and poultry ****. It mainly occurs in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and other birds, causing a variety of symptoms from the respiratory system to systemic sepsis.
According to the type of pathogen can be divided into three categories: highly pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a category A animal disease because of its rapid spread and high risk.
8, what is health, health includes what? A: Health is not only the absence of disease or infirmity, but also physical and mental health and social well-being of the perfect state. He includes three aspects, namely: 1, good health, no disease, that is, physical health; 2, mental balance, always maintain a good mental state, that is, mental health; 3, personal and social coordination, that is, social adaptability.
9, what is the value of normal adult blood pressure? A: Normal human blood pressure should be systolic 90-140mmHg (12-18. 7kPa), diastolic 60-90mmHg (8-12kPa).
10, what is the pulse rate of a normal adult? A: Normal adults 60-70 times per minute (after running or emotional excitement, should be counted after a break).
Adults' pulse is 60-70 times per minute.
5. What is the knowledge of hygiene
Strengthen publicity and education, popularize knowledge of hygiene, pay attention to dietary hygiene and personal hygiene, to do before meals, wash hands after meals, do not eat raw unwashed vegetables and fruits, do not drink raw water, to prevent the ingestion of ascaris lumbricoides eggs, to reduce the chances of infection.
The use of harmless human feces as fertilizer to prevent fecal contamination of the environment is an important measure to cut off the transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides. In areas where water manure is used as fertilizer, five compartments and three pools can be used to store manure, so that most of the eggs in the manure will settle at the bottom of the pool.
Due to the role of free ammonia in manure water and anaerobic fermentation, worm eggs can be killed, but also increase the effectiveness of fertilizer. The use of biogas digester fermentation can solve the problem of lighting and cooking for farmers; it is also beneficial to the harmless treatment of manure.
The dung can be removed once every six months or so. At this time, the vast majority of worm eggs have lost the ability to infect.
In the area used for manure as fertilizer, can use mud seal composting method, three days later, the temperature inside the manure pile can rise to 52 ℃ or higher, can kill roundworm eggs.
6. Hygiene knowledge
First, wash your hands before meals, after the toilet: the hand is the human body's "diplomatic organs", people's all "foreign activities", it is the first, such as engaging in a variety of labor, to the garbage, brush spittoon, wash feet, The first thing that you need to do is to use your hands to complete the task.
As a result, the hand is prone to many pathogens and microorganisms. Scientists have done such a survey, a hand that has not been washed, contains at least 40,000 ~ 400,000 bacteria.
Nail seam is a good place for bacteria to hide, a nail seam can hide bacteria 3.8 billion. In addition, some people have made a test, acute dysentery patients with 5 to 8 layers of toilet paper, dysentery bacilli can also penetrate the hand, dysentery bacilli in the hand can survive for 3 days.
The influenza virus can survive for 7 days on moist, warm hands. So hands are dirty.
And traveling, study tours, missions, hands often touch some items, will be dirty hands. Especially patients with infectious diseases and some of the surface of the actual health of the body with the virus, often spread disease-causing microorganisms to a variety of supplies and appliances, when the healthy people's hands contact, disease-causing microorganisms will come to your hands.
If you don't wash your hands before and after meals, you can take the bacteria into your mouth and eat them in your stomach, which is what people often say, "bacteria from the hand, the disease enters by the mouth". So we have to develop the habit of cutting nails, washing hands before meals, after work, after labor.
Hand washing can remove the bacteria and eggs adhering to the hands, hand washing with running water, can wash away 80% of the bacteria on the hands, if you wash with soap, and then rinse with running water, can be washed away on the hands of up to 99% of the bacteria. Hand washing should pay attention to not a few people with a basin of water, so as to avoid cross-infection, spreading disease to each other, the time should be more than 15 seconds.
Second, do not spit, fling snot: phlegm is the respiratory tract secretion of viscous liquid, through coughing action out of the body. Everyone can spit, but not always in a good way.
Some people don't pay attention to maintaining the environment, spitting phlegm anywhere, and flinging snot all over the place, which affects both hygiene and personal image. Some of the so-called "hygiene" people, spit on the ground, with the foot wearing shoes a wipe, that can not see the sputum stains even if the clean, it does not hinder the hygiene and health.
Unbeknownst to us, sputum contains millions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycoplasma. In particular, people with respiratory diseases, such as tuberculosis, influenza, meningitis and other patients sputum bacteria and viruses more, the prevalence of "SARS" is more so.
Some people test a mouthful of sputum, found to contain hundreds of thousands of bacteria. In a mouthful of sputum from a patient with tuberculosis, the most hated disease, millions of tubercle bacilli can be found.
If you spit talk on the ground, when the sputum dries, bacteria will fly into the air with the dust, and healthy people inhale such dust, it is possible to get respiratory diseases. Therefore, everyone should develop a good habit of not spitting.
Spit in the spittoon, and brush the spittoon regularly every day. In the absence of a spittoon, you should spit in the waste paper wrapped up, and then thrown into the paper basket or garbage cans, consciously do not spit, to maintain public **** place health.
Third, do not cough and sneeze on others: coughing and sneezing is a normal physiological phenomenon, not surprising. However, do not pay attention to the occasion, the face of others or food sneezing is a kind of both unhygienic and impolite bad behavior.
According to the survey, a cough can eject 20,000 very small droplets, a sneeze shot nearly 1 million particles of droplets. And droplets sprayed very quickly, less than 1 second can fly out 4.6 meters, with the wind, then up to 9 meters away.
The nasal cavity and throat is one of the densest places where bacteria and viruses live, and the sprayed droplets contain a large number of bacteria and viruses. A sneeze can be as high as 85 million germs, these tiny droplets can float in the air for a long time, in the windless indoor can float 30 - 60 minutes, floating time can reach 30 hours.
After the evaporation of water droplets, bacteria and viruses fly with the dust, continue to jeopardize human health. Among the statutory infectious diseases in China, there are 15 kinds of airborne transmission (such as influenza, measles, chicken pox, mumps, mycoplasma pneumonia, etc.).
Therefore, for the sake of everyone's health, you should pay attention to courtesy and hygiene when coughing and sneezing, especially for those who suffer from respiratory infectious diseases. If you can't help sneezing in front of people or in front of food, you should immediately take out a hand towel or tissue to cover your mouth and nose.
If it is too late, you should also turn your back to other people or food, and cover your mouth and nose with your hands. Four, do not smoke: Smoking is harmful and not a benefit, has been recognized by the scientific community around the world.
Tobacco smoke contains more than 3000 kinds of harmful substances. The main nicotine (nicotine), smoke tar, light fluoride acid, acrylic acid and carbon monoxide.
Nicotine is a toxic substance, smoke tar contains nitrosamines, phenols, arsenic and radioisotopes, etc., which are carcinogenic or cancer-promoting substances, especially benzo(a)pyrene is recognized as a strong carcinogen. According to statistics, people who smoke 40 cigarettes a day, the incidence of lung cancer is 70 times higher than non-smokers.
In addition, smoking is also closely related to lip cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, and stomach cancer. Smoking promotes the development of systemic atherosclerosis and hypertension, so the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and mortality rate of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers.
In addition, smokers are prone to colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, bronchitis, emphysema and so on. There are also studies showing that smoking is associated with male impotence.
Some people say that smoking can refresh and improve work efficiency.
In fact, this is a misunderstanding. Modern medical research suggests that the role of nicotine on the central nervous system has a twofold, that is, after the first excitement inhibition.
So, people who smoke a lot of cigarettes for a long time, the excitation and inhibition process of the cerebral cortex is out of balance, but instead of presenting fatigue, insomnia, memory loss, distraction, and decreased work efficiency. The latency period of many smoking-related diseases is very long, unlike the reaction to eating a highly toxic substance so quickly.
So in a short time, people often do not see his harm. Sometimes it takes decades from the start of smoking to cause death.
This is the main reason why people in general do not know enough about the dangers of smoking. There are about 200-300 million smokers in our country, which is more than 1/5 of the country's population and 1/4 of the world's 1-1.2 billion smokers. Not only do they consume a lot of money every year, but many years later, the country and individuals will have to invest unimaginable sums of money in treating all kinds of diseases caused by smoking.
At present, Europe and the United States have seen the great harm of smoking, with legal, economic and political variety.