Animal Science
Overview:
Animal Science is mainly involved in the agricultural field of animal husbandry, which is a complex production project intertwined by the natural environment - biological - human society This major learns the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills in animal science. It aims to cultivate senior scientific and technological talents who can be engaged in technology and design, promotion and development, management and administration, teaching and scientific research in fields and departments related to animal science. Graduates are mainly engaged in technical or management work in animal breeding, reproduction, feed, aquaculture and other enterprises or companies, and can also be engaged in administration, promotion and development work related to animal science, and can also go to related colleges and universities, scientific research institutes to engage in teaching and research work.
A comprehensive introduction to the specialty
The formation and development of animal science is inseparable from biology. Biology is one of the fastest growing disciplines in the 20th century, and in the future, human beings will be faced with population expansion, environmental degradation, incurable diseases, and energy crises, resource shortages, and other "problems of the century" will be solved mainly through the development of life sciences. Animal science is precisely derived from zoology in this development process, based on the development of biochemistry, immunology, medicine, biophysics and other disciplines, with the help of electron microscopy, isotope tracking, X-radiation and other technologies. The research results of animal science help to verify the research results of cosmology, geology, botany, geology and other disciplines, explain the mystery of the origin and evolution of human beings, provide the most important information for human beings to understand their own origin, evolution, survival and future development, and is also an important discipline for the protection of the environment that human beings rely on for their survival, and for the protection of biodiversity. With the rapid development of animal science, many emerging research directions such as animal protection, animal behavior, animal bionics, space animals and so on came into being. Animal science has become the basis for solving many problems in human living environment, resources, disease control and treatment.
The students of this program mainly study the basic knowledge and theories of animal genetic breeding and reproduction, animal nutrition and feed science, animal production and management, etc., and receive basic training in investigation and analysis, evaluation and design of animal science, etc., and master the skills of animal genetic breeding and reproduction, animal nutrition and feed science, animal production and management, etc. The program focuses on training students to master animal anatomy and animal behavior. The program focuses on training students to master the basic theories and techniques of animal anatomy and organization, basic theories and experimental techniques of animal physiology and biochemistry, basic theories and techniques of livestock and poultry breeding and reproduction, livestock and poultry feeding and management techniques, feed production and operation, and animal husbandry management. This specialty has outstanding advantages of the institutions and research institutes when the China Agricultural University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, other institutions, Nanjing Agricultural University, Shandong Agricultural University, South China Agricultural University of R & D strength is also very strong.
The state is increasing its investment in this specialty, and the prospects for development are promising. Because of the general understanding of this specialty is not much, so that its competition is not too fierce, apply for undergraduate and master's degree is relatively easy, and employment prospects are very good, many schools of graduates in short supply. You can go to modern breeding, feed enterprises, universities, research institutes, administrative departments and other units, engaged in animal production, nutrition and feed-related technology and design, production, promotion and development, operation and management, marketing, teaching and scientific research and other aspects of work.
Animal Science Code: 090501.
Two, the development of professional education
Animal Science is the Ministry of Education in 1998 to adjust the program by the animal husbandry and veterinary medicine (part), animal husbandry, apiology (part) and animal nutrition and feed processing of the several majors merged. Mainly by agricultural colleges or comprehensive universities (such as Zhejiang University, Yangzhou University, Yanbian University) and national colleges (Northwest, Southwest) in the College of Agriculture or Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Hospital (Department) and so on. At present, the country (excluding Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao) *** there are 50 colleges and universities to open the specialty, throughout the country's provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), a considerable part of the institutions can be enrolled across the provinces and regions.
Animal science now includes animal genetic breeding and reproduction, animal nutrition and feed science master's degree and doctoral programs, according to the 2000 doctoral enrollment statistics, *** counting China Agricultural University, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Northeast, Nanjing, South China, Central China, Hunan, Guangxi, Gansu Agricultural University and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other 13 units, 46 doctoral students. Tutor.
Animal science in China is with the sprout of modern higher education in the early 20th century and the beginning, such as the establishment of the Peking Shih University Agricultural College in 1905 set up by the Department of Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine Department has opened a number of animal husbandry courses, in November 1921, approved by the Ministry of Education to set up a Department of Animal Husbandry. Since then, schools or animal husbandry and veterinary colleges and universities around the general set up animal husbandry subjects, teaching and scientific research. After the founding of new China, the 50's through the faculty adjustment, relatively speaking, China Agricultural University, Northeast Agricultural University, Sichuan Agricultural University, Gansu Agricultural University, Nanjing Agricultural University and so on to establish a more centralized and powerful animal husbandry disciplines, these institutions are also earlier to obtain a master's degree, doctoral degree authorized institutions. At present, on the one hand, the development of animal husbandry to the facilities of animal husbandry, animal science higher education both from the quantity as well as the quality level has put forward higher requirements, on the other hand, breakthroughs in the development of life sciences, such as asexual reproduction (cloning), the human genome project, genetically modified animals, for the animal sciences injected into the high-tech and powerful vitality, and will be to promote the animal science profession to have a more rapid development. It is the development of society and animal husbandry laid the foundation of higher animal husbandry education, and the development of higher animal husbandry education and will greatly promote the prosperity and development of animal husbandry industry.
Animal medicine
Overview:
This major studies the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills in animal medicine. Cultivate senior scientific and technological talents who can work in veterinary business departments, animal production units and related departments engaged in veterinary medicine, epidemic prevention and quarantine, teaching, scientific research and other work. Due to the many fields of veterinary scientific research, in addition to the prevention and control of livestock and poultry diseases is a very important task in veterinary work, it also extends to the field of medicine, biology, aquatic biology, as well as environmental protection and space medicine, and biology, medical science is more closely integrated. Graduates choose a wider range of careers.
A comprehensive introduction to the profession
Animal medicine is commonly known as the cultivation of "veterinary" profession, in fact, at one time the name used is the veterinary profession, but the cultivation of high-quality senior veterinarians. This specialty belongs to the traditional specialty in the agricultural category, the development is relatively stable. In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the number of pets gradually increased. The need for small animal medical personnel increased significantly, but also to the development of the animal medicine specialty provides no small impetus.
From the present point of view, this specialty will have a better development prospects. Animal medicine not only for large-scale animal husbandry to provide a guarantee, and in recent years, some special economic animals, ornamental animal breeding also need animal medicine for some technical support. Many fatal infectious diseases of human beings originate from animals, and the development of animal medicine can establish a better barrier for human beings. 1996, after the discovery of mad cow disease in Britain, the European Union Executive Committee immediately banned the export of beef from Britain, and instructed Britain to slaughter and destroy all the 4 million cows over 30 months of age. Had animal medicine not been at the level it is today, mad cow disease would have caused a much greater catastrophe for mankind.
Veterinary medicine is not a very desirable career in the minds of most people. Candidates who want to choose this profession, the first and most important thing is to really and completely put aside this traditional concept, the correct understanding of the profession's contribution to mankind. Not to say that we love this profession, at least we should avoid the unbalanced mentality after enrolling in this profession. This may be easier for children from farming families. Candidates who still have preconceived notions in their minds should not apply for the program. In addition, this program includes courses such as animal anatomy, which is not for everyone, so students who love cleanliness or who are afraid of animals should also consider this. The studies in this program are closely related to the disciplines of biology and physiology. Students with a strong interest in biology and good grades in high school will be able to adapt to the major program. As a major in agronomy, the admission score line is not very high in the past years, it can be used as the second and third volunteers to fill in, so that it is easy to pull the grade between the various volunteers, to avoid falling into the list of the situation. It should be noted that many colleges and universities undergraduate animal medicine program is a five-year system.
Major agricultural and forestry colleges and universities generally set up this program. Graduates should have basic knowledge and practical skills in animal veterinary medicine, and be able to engage in the diagnosis and prevention of animal diseases and animal health care. This specialty in the agricultural and forestry majors, employment has always been in good form, the choice of scope is relatively wide. Suitable for animal medicine administrative departments, food hygiene inspection and animal quarantine departments and animal production departments engaged in animal medicine technology work. Specifically, zoos, customs and quarantine departments, pet hospitals are good choices. In particular, units like pet hospitals are more lucrative in terms of income and are in higher demand. In addition to these practical jobs, graduates of this program can also choose to work in technology development in fields related to animal life science and technology, as well as to engage in teaching and research work in institutions of higher learning or scientific research units. However, this type of research work is more demanding, and undergraduate graduates can use it as an option after further study.
Specialty code of animal medicine: 090601.
Second, the development of professional education
Modern veterinary higher education in the Western countries, starting from the establishment of the Lyon College in France in 1762, and then the veterinary education in various countries one after another, and the gradual development of veterinary education. According to incomplete statistics in 1963, by the end of 1959, 58 countries (excluding China), there have been 195 schools to train veterinarians, the establishment of most of the University of Veterinary Medicine or Department of Veterinary Medicine, and a small number of independent veterinary colleges. 1964, 61 countries, the statistics for 249, 68 countries in 1971, the statistics have reached 256, an increase of 31% over 1959.
China's modern veterinary education began in 1904 in Baoding, Hebei Province, the creation of the first teaching and research of Western veterinary medicine as the content of the "Beiyang Equine Medical Hall", which is China's earliest veterinary colleges, renamed veterinary army school. Subsequently, a number of local universities in the College of Agriculture has been established in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, before the founding of the PRC set up the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the State University: Peking University, Central University, Wuhan University, the University of British, CKSU, Guangxi University, Sun Yat-sen University, Sichuan University, Northeastern University, Changchun University, as well as the liberated areas of the College of Agriculture of the North University, and so on. Private universities are: Lingnan University, St. John's University. Independent colleges include: Northwest College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou College of Veterinary Medicine, Nantong College and Mingxian College.
After the founding of new China, in order to adapt to the needs of the country, immediately adjust the original institutions. 1951 took over the private universities, held in July 1952 in the country's 28 agricultural colleges and universities meeting, learned that there are 10 animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, 8, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, 13. According to statistics, there were more than 200 full-time and part-time teachers at that time. With the development of China's animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, the provinces have established animal husbandry and veterinary medicine specialties one after another. By 1962, the country had grown to 83, with 13,840 students enrolled.
In recent decades, with the development of production, the development of subject areas and scientific research, the scope of veterinary work is broad, mainly including food animal diseases, human and animal **** disease, companion animal disease, ornamental animal disease, wildlife disease, fur veterinary disease, descending disease, bee disease, sericulture, aquatic animal disease and experimental animal disease research and prevention. Foreign countries around to improve the quality of veterinary education, accelerate the modernization of the veterinary education business, many countries have carried out some of the following aspects of reform.
First, a veterinarian must have a certain cultural and scientific knowledge and basic knowledge of biology. Since the profession of veterinary medicine has a high status and easy employment in western developed countries, their enrollment review is strict.
Secondly, the development of a system of study that is suitable for the characteristics of the veterinary profession, there are many systems of higher veterinary schools in various countries, such as: four years, four and a half years, five years, six years, seven years and so on.
Thirdly, the curriculum follows the pace of veterinary work and research.
Fourth, improve the level and quality of faculty.
Fifthly, strict assessment of performance, awarding of degree titles, and a system where practicing veterinarians are licensed by the state.
Sixth, strengthen post-graduation education and emphasize continuing education.
Seventh, vigorously develop the education of technical support staff.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC, China's animal husbandry and veterinary medicine developed even further, and by 1984 there were 3,889 teachers specializing in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, including 85 professors and 475 associate professors. 1978 began to recruit graduate students, and by 1984 the number of graduate students enrolled in the National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine was 738, and in 1984 the number of doctoral degree holders was 738, and in the eight years following 1984 there were 4,000 graduate students in the country. In the eight years after 1984, there were 50 colleges and universities specializing in veterinary medicine in the country, and 60 students were enrolled in each school each year, and only 3,000 students were enrolled in the country each year.
Attachment: Brief introduction of Chinese modern veterinary celebrities
Cheng Shaoguo: a famous Chinese veterinarian, veterinary biopharmaceutical expert, a native of Qianjiang, Sichuan Province, who graduated from Tsinghua School in 1921, and studied animal husbandry and veterinary medicine at Iowa State College of Agriculture and Engineering in the U.S.A. in 1921-1926, and was awarded the bachelor's degree and doctorate degree in animal husbandry, and then the doctorate degree in animal husbandry at Johns Hopkins College in the U.S.A. from 1927-1930. -D. in Science from Johns Hopkins University in the United States. His achievements in scientific research are many, the most prominent achievement is the development of rinderpest vaccine, actively organizing the prevention and control of rinderpest, and has published more than 30 research reports and papers on rinderpest chicken embryonic weak vaccine, rinderpest rabbit weak vaccine, foot-and-mouth disease of swine, and bovine pneumonic disease.
Cai Wuji: a famous Chinese veterinarian and animal product inspection expert, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, graduated from Alford Veterinary Medicine in France, founded the Shanghai Veterinary College, and published the periodical "Compendium of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Research".
Xiong Dashi: A famous Chinese veterinary parasitologist and educator. He graduated from the Qinghua School in 1923, studied in the United States from 1924 to 1930, and was awarded a doctorate degree from the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Iowa, followed by a master's degree from the College of Science of the same university, and a doctorate degree in philosophy. The book "horse colon ciliate research", the text has become a major achievement in this field, he is engaged in China's livestock nodule worms, round nematodes, round nematodes, swine kidney worms and coccidiosis and other scientific research, is China's veterinary parasitology founder, but also a pioneer of modern veterinary education.
Luo Qingsheng: a famous livestock infectious disease scientist and educator, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong. Graduated from Qinghua School, he graduated from the College of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Kansas, USA, in 1922, with a doctorate degree in veterinary medicine, and he has been devoted to research on the prevention and control of infectious diseases of livestock and poultry, such as rinderpest, swine rinderpest, porcine asthma, and duck plague.
There are many other veterinary celebrities, such as Zhang Heyu, a famous livestock anatomist, Sheng Tongsheng, a famous veterinary microbiologist and educator, Cui Buying, a famous veterinary internal medicine scientist, and Gao Guojing, a famous Chinese veterinarian.