Clinical manifestations
The incubation period is usually about 1 to 7 days, longer than the incubation period of influenza and avian influenza.
Early symptoms of influenza A (H1N1) are similar to those of ordinary human influenza, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue, and in some cases, diarrhea or vomiting, muscle aches or fatigue, and reddened eyes.
In some patients, the disease can progress rapidly, coming on aggressively, sudden high fever, body temperature over 39 ℃, and even secondary to severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, total blood cytopenia, renal failure, sepsis, shock and Reye's syndrome, respiratory failure and multi-organ damage, leading to death.
[edit]Diagnostic criteria
The Ministry of Health on April 30, 2009 issued the "human swine influenza diagnosis and treatment program (2009 version)", pointed out that the diagnosis of human swine influenza is mainly combined with the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and pathogenetic examination, etc., clinically, early detection and diagnosis is the key to treatment.
At the same time, the diagnostic and treatment program also details the diagnostic criteria for human swine influenza, specifically the following four kinds of cases:
-- medical observation cases: have been to the swine flu epidemic area, or with sick pigs and swine flu patients have close contact history, 1 week of influenza clinical manifestations. Those who are listed as medical observation cases will be put under medical observation for 7 days (according to the condition, they can be isolated at home or in hospital).
-- Suspected cases: have been to the infected area, or with sick pigs and swine flu patients have a history of close contact (or epidemiological history is not known), within 1 week of the clinical manifestations of influenza, respiratory secretions, pharyngeal test, sputum, serum H subtypes of viral antibodies positive or nucleic acid test positive.
- Clinically diagnosed cases: those who are diagnosed as suspected cases and those with whom they have a history of ****same exposure are diagnosed as confirmed cases.
--Confirmed cases: isolation of specific viruses from respiratory specimens or serum; RT-PCR testing of the above specimens with the presence of swine influenza virus RNA, confirmed by sequencing, or two serum antibody titers 4-fold elevated, the diagnosis of human swine influenza infection can be confirmed.
[Edit]The ideas and principles of Chinese medicine treatment of influenza A H1N1
A H1N1 as a kind of influenza, can be treated with traditional Chinese medicine theories and methods, from the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, influenza is to feel the foreign evil, guest in the lung meridian, closed to the clear channel, the lung qi can not descend, the person must be runny nose, fever, bad wind, cold, headache body pain and other situations. The method should be diffusive, such as Gui Zhi Tang, Ephedra Tang, Ge Gen Tang and so on. If not treated in time will turn into internal injury, triggering kidney yang failure and yin and cold, the kidney channel is connected to the lungs, the heart and lungs of the yang is insufficient, can not regulate the fluid, and runny nose, the patient must not have the foot signs of the external sensation, more sleepy, or sneezing, or cold feet, the method should be to support the yang, such as the four reversed soup, bai tongtong soup, sealing the medulla oblongata, ma huang, epimedium and fine Xin soup, ginger and gui soup, and so on.
[Editorial][3]Precautions
1, how to protect yourself from influenza A (H1N1)?
In terms of prevention, there is no need to pile up to get vaccinated against human influenza, because the seasonal influenza vaccine is not effective in preventing swine flu. The right thing to do is to develop good personal hygiene habits, adequate sleep, exercise, reduce stress, adequate nutrition; wash your hands regularly, especially after contact with public **** items to wash your hands before touching your eyes, nose and mouth; sneezing and coughing should be used to cover the mouth and nose; indoor ventilation and so on.
1, to reduce the opportunity to public *** crowded places, for those who show physical discomfort, fever and coughing symptoms, to avoid close contact with them;
2, to develop good personal hygiene habits, including getting enough sleep, eat nutritious food, exercise more often wash your hands frequently, to use soap to wash your hands thoroughly;
3, in cooking Especially when washing raw pork, poultry (especially waterfowl) should pay special attention. Especially with broken skin. It is recommended to minimize the chance of contact;
4, you can consider wearing a mask to reduce the possibility of wind-borne transmission;
5, regularly take Banlangen (you can consider a certain degree of regularity), Dazhongye, Mentha piperita, and Honeysuckle as a tea drink.
6, pay special attention to similar clinical manifestations and draw attention to them. In particular, sudden high fever, conjunctival flushing, cough, runny nose and other symptoms.
2. What should I do if I feel that I am infected with influenza?
-If you feel sick, have a high fever, cough or sore throat, stay at home and don't go to crowded places;
-Rest a lot and drink a lot of water;
-When you cough or sneeze, use disposable paper towels to cover your mouth and nose, and dispose of the towels properly when you are finished;
-Wash your hands frequently and wash your hands thoroughly with soap every time, especially after coughing or sneezing. Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly with soap every time you wash them, especially after coughing or sneezing;
- Tell your family and friends about your symptoms and try to avoid contact with others.
3. How should I care for someone in my family with flu symptoms?
-Isolate the patient from the rest of the family, at least 1 meter away;
-Cover the patient's mouth and nose with a mask or other covering, and discard or clean the covering after use;
-Wash your hands thoroughly with soap after contact with the patient, and keep the space where the patient lives well ventilated;
4. What should you do if you think you need medical treatment? What should I do if I think I need medical treatment?
- Before going to a healthcare facility, you should first contact a healthcare professional to report your symptoms and explain why you think you have influenza A (H1N1);
- If you are unable to contact a healthcare professional ahead of time, be sure to inform your doctor of your suspicion that you are infected with influenza A as soon as possible when arriving at the hospital to seek a diagnosis;
- On the way to the hospital, use a mask or other protective equipment to protect your hands from influenza A. If you do not think you need medical attention, you should not be exposed to influenza A (H1N1). cover your mouth and nose with a mask or something else on the way to the hospital.
9 tips for influenza A (H1N1) prevention
1. Wash your hands frequently and practice good personal hygiene.
2. Get enough sleep, drink plenty of water and stay healthy.
3. Keep the room ventilated and go to places where there are a lot of people and no ventilation.
4. It is important to separate raw and cooked food when cooking, and cook pork to 71℃ or above to completely kill the swine flu virus.
5. Avoid contact with live pigs or going to places where pigs are present.
6. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, if you don't have a tissue you should not use your hands but cover your mouth and nose with your elbow.
7. Always have medicines for colds and flu. Once flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.) appear, take medicines as soon as possible for symptomatic treatment and seek medical attention as soon as possible, don't go to work or school, and try to minimize the chances of contact with others.
8. Avoid contact with patients with flu-like symptoms.
9. As this epidemic of swine influenza virus is A/H1N1 influenza virus, currently for swine influenza only swine vaccine, people injected with ordinary influenza vaccine can not be effective for swine influenza prevention, influenza A (H1N1) prevention.
[Edit]Preventing influenza need to prepare items
Recently, the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Industry Association part of the release of the prevention and treatment of influenza A (H1N1) commodity reference:
Detergent: hand sanitizer, soap, etc.
Disinfectant: "84", formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, potassium permanganate, Ethylene oxide, peroxyacetic acid, various air disinfectants, etc.
Protective supplies: masks, thermometers
Antiviral drugs for prevention and treatment: amantadine, amantadine ethylamine, vincristine, viral azole, etc.
[Edit Paragraph]Influenza A H1N1 Traditional Chinese Medicine Preventive Program (2009 Edition)
In March 2009, there were successive cases of human beings infected with influenza A H1N1 in Mexico and the United States. Infection of influenza A H1N1 virus, human infection with early clinical symptoms similar to influenza, fever, cough, fatigue, loss of appetite, etc., but also can appear diarrhea and vomiting and other symptoms. A small number of cases of severe condition, rapid progress, can appear viral pneumonia, combined with respiratory failure, multiple organ function damage, serious cases can die.
Chinese medicine in clinical practice in the rich experience in the prevention and treatment of influenza, the efficacy of the seasonal cold (influenza) is certain. On the basis of summarizing ancient and modern literature, this prevention program is developed for different groups of people.
First, living and living prevention
(a) "false evil thief wind, avoid sometimes", timely increase and decrease of clothing, in order to fit the cold temperature.
(2) "food and drink have section", diet should be the right time, the right amount, the right temperature, less into the stimulation of the product.
(3) "Living and working regularly", work and rest should be regular, more movement, early to bed.
(4) "Spirit within the guard, the disease is safe from", to maintain a balanced state of mind, "fear of the gas down, shocked by the gas chaos", the flu produced fear of the heart, but also lead to qi rebellion, more likely to incur external infection.
Second, dietary prevention
Diet should be light, less food paste sorghum thick flavor products (easy to generate heat), so in our daily lives, do some simple, tasty small meals, on the prevention of influenza is also helpful.
Two white soup: 15g of white onion, 30g of white radish, cilantro 3g. Add the right amount of water, boil hot drink.
Ginger jujube mint drink: mint 3g, ginger 3g, jujube 3. Ginger shredded, jujube cut core, and mint *** loaded into a teacup, punch into the boiling water 200-300ml, cover and soak 5-10 minutes while hot to drink.
Mulberry leaves and chrysanthemum water: mulberry leaves 3g, chrysanthemum 3g, rehmannia 10g. Boiling water steeped tea to drink frequently.
Mint pear porridge: mint 3g, duck pear with skin 1 (peeled), 6 jujube (cut and remove the core), add the right amount of water, decoction and filtration. With millet or rice 50g porridge, porridge cooked add mint pear soup, and then boil can be eaten, usually easy to "fire" people can eat.
Fresh fish grass 30-60g, garlic juice and vinegar cold.
Fresh seaweed 30-60g, blanched in boiling water, garlic juice and vinegar cold or dipping sauce.
Fresh amaranth 30-60g, blanched in boiling water, garlic juice and vinegar cold or dipping sauce.
Adequate amount of azuki beans, mung beans boiled soup to take.
60g of green beans, 6g of raw licorice (cloth bag), 20g of raw Job's tears boiled in soup and then remove the licorice bag and take.
If the dryness of the mouth and nose is heavy, you can dip a cotton swab in sesame oil and apply it externally, which has the function of moisturizing dryness.
Third, drug prevention
(a) adults
1. 10g of Panax quinquefolium, 6g of Succinum, 10g of Scutellaria baicalensis, 10g of burdock
Applicable to: vegetative weakness, easy to external sensations of the crowd.
Decoction method: 1 decoction per day, fresh water decoction. Once in the morning and once in the evening, 3-5 times is appropriate.
2. 5g of Da Qing Ye, 5g of Comfrey, 5g of Glycyrrhiza glabra
Functions: detoxification and clearing heat
Suitable for: reddish color, dryness of the mouth, throat and nose, preferring coolness, slightly dry stools, yellow urine.
Decoction: 1 decoction per day with water. Once in the morning and once in the evening, 3-5 payments are appropriate.
3. Mulberry leaf 10g, leucaena leucocephala root 15g, honeysuckle 12g
Function: clearing away heat and promoting the lungs
Adapted to the crowd: reddish color, dryness of the mouth, throat and nose from time to time, preferring coolness, slightly dry stools, yellow urine.
Decoction method: 1 decoction per day, fresh water decoction. Once in the morning and once in the evening, 3-5 payments are appropriate.
4. 10g of Su Ye, 10g of Peilan, 10g of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae
Function: Strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness
Adapted to the people: obscure face, often with abdominal distension, loose stools.
Decoction: 1 daily, water decoction. Once in the morning and evening, 3-5 pills are suitable.
It is recommended that different groups of people use it under the guidance of a licensed physician, and 3-5 doses can be taken in a row during the epidemic.
(2) children
Patchouli 6g, 6g of Sophora, 10g of Ginkgo, 10g of hawthorn
Function: clearing away heat and eliminating stagnation
Adaptable people: children are prone to food inclusions and stagnation. Such children are prone to "fire", sour breath, foul-smelling or dry stools.
Decoction method: 1 daily, fresh water decoction. The morning and evening once, 3-5 times is appropriate.
(C) taking Chinese medicine to prevent colds need to pay attention to:
1. The elderly should be taken under the guidance of a physician to properly adjust the dosage;
2. Patients with chronic diseases and pregnant women should be cautious;
3. Prevention of colds and flu of Chinese medicine should not be taken for a long period of time, usually take 3-5 days;
4.
4. During or after taking the feeling of discomfort, should immediately stop taking the drug and consult a physician;
5. The above drugs have a history of allergy is prohibited, allergies with caution;
6. Do not gullibly believe in the so-called secret prescriptions, partial prescriptions and test prescriptions.
Fourth, the other
According to traditional Chinese medicine and folk traditions, more aromatic and turbid class of traditional Chinese medicine, made of scented capsules or aromatherapy, with the effect of eliminating miasma and avoiding filth, such as Cangzhu, Aiye, Huo Xiang, Angelica, Angelica dahurica, Kaempferia, and so on.
[edit]Treatment
(I) Symptomatic support.
Suspected and confirmed patients should be isolated in situ for treatment, emphasizing early treatment.
For human infection A (H1N1) is now mainly integrated symptomatic supportive treatment. Pay attention to rest, drink more water, pay attention to nutrition, and closely observe the changes in the condition; the first 48 hours of the onset of the disease is the best period of treatment, high fever, clinical symptoms are obvious, should take a chest X-ray, check the blood gas.
(ii) Drug treatment.
1. Antiviral therapy: antiviral drugs should be applied early, can try oseltamivir (oseltamivir Duffy). Duffy is a neuraminidase inhibitor, A (H1N1) virus may have an inhibitory effect, the dose of 75mg / d, 5 days of treatment, children should be used with caution. Viruses isolated from recent A(H1N1) virus infections in the United States are susceptible to oseltamivir and zanamivir and resistant to amantadine and amantadine.
2. Antibiotics: antibiotics may be used if a bacterial infection is present.
(C) TCM evidence-based treatment.
1. Toxic attack on the lung guard.
Symptoms: fever, malignant cold, sore throat, headache, muscle aches, cough.
Treatment: clearing away heat and removing toxins, promoting the lung to penetrate the evil.
Reference formula: sizzling ephedra, almonds, gypsum, chaihu, scutellaria, burdock, qiangwu, raw licorice.
Commonly used proprietary Chinese medicines: Lotus Qingdian capsule, silver and yellow preparations, Shuanghuanglian oral preparation.
2. Poisoning the lungs and stomach.
Symptoms: fever, or malignant cold, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, head and body, muscle pain.
Treatment: clearing heat and removing toxins, resolving dampness and harmonizing the middle.
Reference formula: Pueraria lobata, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Herba Epimedium, Ginger Semen, Sulforaphane, Huperzia.
Commonly used Chinese patent medicines: Ge Gen Baicalin and Lian Wei Pills, Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Preparation, etc.
3. Toxic congestion of the qi camp.
Symptoms: high fever, cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, irritability, or even delirium.
Treatment: Clearing Qi and cooling the camp.
Reference formula: sizzling ephedra, almonds, piper betel, raw rhubarb, gypsum, red peony, buffalo horn.
If necessary, use Angong Niuhuang Pills, as well as phlegm-heat clearing, hematopoietin, Qingkailing, and waking up the brain Jing injection.
[edit]Reasons for the name change
The World Health Organization has begun to use "Influenza A (H1N1)" instead of "swine flu" to refer to the current outbreak, and the announcement of the Ministry of Health of China called the disease "Influenza A (H1N1)". In this regard, China's CDC deputy director Yang Weizhong told reporters on the 1st, "Type A" that is, "Type A", the name of this name and the international name is actually the same thing, just according to the practice of the domestic Chinese expression is called "Type A". ".
The virus that led to the outbreak in Mexico and the United States was influenza A virus, the H1N1 subtype swine influenza virus strain, which contains genetic fragments of swine flu, avian influenza, and human influenza three influenza viruses, and is a new type of swine influenza virus, which can be infected by human beings. The WHO has repeatedly indicated that although this new virus evolved from the swine flu virus, so far this virus has only made people sick and no cases of pigs being infected have been found. The WHO announced that from April 30, it will start using the term "influenza A (H1N1)" instead of "swine flu" to refer to the current outbreak. WHO spokesman Thompson said that the reason for the change in the current epidemic called, because the term "swine flu" is easy to mislead consumers, the agricultural community and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has expressed concern about this. There are three types of influenza viruses: Type A (influenza A) viruses infect mammals as well as birds; Type B (influenza B) viruses infect only humans and are usually milder than Type A viruses; and Type C (influenza C) viruses infect only humans and do not cause serious illness.
[edit]Comparison
Influenza A (H1N1) Avian influenza Common influenza
Transmission routes The virus is very active, and can be transmitted from humans to pigs, from pigs to humans, or between populations. Human-to-human transmission is mainly mediated by the coughs and sneezes of infected people. The avian influenza virus can so far only be transmitted from birds to humans, not from humans to humans. Human-to-human transmission, air droplet transmission is dominant, and influenza patients and latently infected persons are the main sources of infection. 1~7 days after the onset of contagious, 2~3 days at the beginning of the disease is the most contagious.
Symptoms The most obvious symptom of human infection with swine flu is "the initial symptoms similar to ordinary influenza, but the body temperature suddenly exceeds 39 degrees, muscle aches and pains increased significantly, accompanied by dizziness, headache, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms or some of them. Symptoms of infection are mainly characterized by high fever, cough, runny nose, myalgia, etc. Most of them are accompanied by severe pneumonia, and in severe cases, heart, kidney and other multiple organ failure leading to death. Symptoms of common human influenza are similar to those of human swine influenza infection.
Incubation period The new swine flu virus may incubate in the human body for 7 days before showing symptoms. The incubation period for human avian influenza is generally 1 to 3 days, usually less than 7 days. The incubation period for influenza is 1-4 days, with an average of 2 days.
Mortality rate The mortality rate of swine influenza is 6.77%, which is higher than that of general influenza. There are two main reasons for its high lethality rate: firstly, the virus is fierce; secondly, the people do not pay attention to the new disease at the beginning, thinking that it is a common cold, and a lot of people take some medicines casually by themselves and miss the optimal treatment period of the first 72 hours of the disease. The mortality rate of human avian influenza is 60%. Ordinary influenza can be fatal, but the mortality rate is lower.
Population susceptible to infection The vast majority of patients killed by swine flu are between the ages of 20 and 45, belonging to the young and middle-aged. A high percentage of children under 13 years of age have been found to be susceptible to the flu and are more seriously ill. The four groups of people most vulnerable to influenza are: the elderly, people with chronic diseases such as liver, kidney and heart disease, health care workers who are often in contact with people with influenza, and children.
Preventing and controlling the vaccine All the influenza vaccines that have been developed by mankind are ineffective against swine influenza, but human swine influenza infection is preventable, controllable and curable. Countries have been developing vaccines against avian influenza. Vaccines have been developed to prevent influenza, the vaccination time is mostly in mid-October-November each year, once a year.
[edit]Summary of the epidemic [1]
(as of May 11, 2009 07:00)
Mexico 5580 cases
1626 cases 48 people Mexico announced on the 9th, the Mexican national influenza A (H1N1) flu deaths rose to 48 people, the number of confirmed cases increased to 1,626, an increase of about 300 cases compared to the previous day The deaths were the result of an increase in the number of cases.
United States
2,532 people 3 people The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released that as of 10th, the number of confirmed influenza A (H1N1) patients in the U.S. has risen to 2,532, including three deaths.
Canada
284 cases 1 person On the 10th, four new cases of influenza A (H1N1) were reported in Canada, and the cumulative total number of confirmed patients rose to 284, including one death.
El Salvador
2 cases Not yet available El Salvador's Ministry of Health on the 3rd recognized 2 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1).
Costa Rica 103 cases
1 case 1 case Costa Rica's health minister confirmed to Xinhua on Sept. 9 that a 53-year-old man in the country has died due to infection with the influenza A (H1N1) virus.
Colombia 131 cases
1 case Not yet available The Colombian government confirmed the first case of influenza A (H1N1), which is also the first confirmed case of this infection in South America and the third country in Latin America to experience this infection after Mexico and Costa Rica.
Guatemala 1 case Not yet available As of 4 p.m. Beijing time on May 7, Guatemala confirmed one case
Panama 2 people Not yet available Panama's Health Minister Rosario Turna announced on May 8 that Panama has confirmed two cases of influenza A (H1N1).
Europe
Spain
81 cases not yet available As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, there were 81 confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1) in Spain
1 case in the UK
34 cases not yet available
The UK added two new confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1) on May 7, which increased the total number of patients infected with the flu to 34 in the UK. to 34.
France 7 cases
12 cases not yet available The French Ministry of Health announced on the 8th that there are two new confirmed cases of H1N1 influenza in France, bringing the total number of confirmed cases of the new influenza in France to 12.
Germany
10 cases Not yet available As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, 10 cases were confirmed in Germany***.
Italy
5 cases Not yet As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, 5 cases were confirmed in Italy
Netherlands 2 cases Not yet As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, 2 cases were confirmed in the Netherlands***.
Switzerland
1 case Not yet available As of 0400 GMT on May 8, 1 case was confirmed in Switzerland.
Denmark 1 case Not yet available As of 0400 BST on May 8, 1 case confirmed in Denmark
Sweden 1 case Not yet available As of 0400 BST on May 8, 1 case confirmed in Sweden
Portugal 1 case Not yet available As of 0400 BST on May 8, 1 case confirmed in Portugal.
Ireland 1 case Not yet available As of 4:00 a.m. Beijing time on May 8, one case has been confirmed in Ireland.
Poland 1 case No case yet The Polish health minister confirmed on May 6 that the first case of Influenza A (H1N1) has been diagnosed in Poland, and the patient is a 58-year-old woman.
Austria 1 case Not yet The first case of influenza A has been confirmed, and the patient is now in stable condition.
Asia
Israel 4 cases 6 cases Not yet The Israeli Ministry of Health reported on July 7 that the country has two new cases of influenza A (H1N1).
South Korea 30 cases 3 cases Not yet available As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, South Korea *** confirmed 3 cases, 30 suspected cases to be investigated.
Japan 4 cases Not yet available As of 7:00 a.m. Beijing time on May 9, 3 cases were confirmed in Japan***.
Hong Kong, China 1 case Not yet Hong Kong announced on May 1 that it had confirmed the first case of influenza A (H1N1) in a 25-year-old Mexican man.
Oceania
Australia 1 case Not yet An Australian woman has been diagnosed with the country's first case of influenza A (H1N1), the Australian Associated Press reported on 9 May.
New Zealand 90 cases 5 cases Not yet available As of 4:00 GMT on May 8, New Zealand **** confirmed 5 cases, 90 suspected cases to be examined.
[edit]Discovery
Beginning on March 18, 2009, human infections and deaths were discovered in Mexico.
On May 2, 2009 Canadian federal health officials confirmed at a news conference in Ottawa that the influenza A (H1N1) virus had been detected in pigs at a hog farm in the western Canadian province of Alberta, the first time in the world that pigs had been found to be infected with the new virus.
[edit]Influenza A (H1N1) and mainland China
Sichuan reported the first suspected case of Influenza A (H1N1) in mainland China.In the afternoon of May 10, the Ministry of Health received a report from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Health that the People's Hospital of Sichuan Province had found one case of fever, which was preliminarily diagnosed as a suspected Influenza A (H1N1) case based on the clinical manifestations and laboratory test results. Patient Bao Moumou, male, 30 years old, currently studying at a university in the United States. The patient in the United States on May 7 from St. Louis via Sao Paulo to Tokyo, Japan, May 8 from Tokyo on flight NW029 at 1:30 a.m. on May 9 arrived in Beijing Capital International Airport, and the same day at 10:50 a.m. took off from Beijing, took the Sichuan U8882 flight at 13:17 a.m. arrived in Chengdu. On May 9, during the flight from Beijing to Chengdu, the patient felt feverish, accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat, cough, nasal congestion and minimal runny nose, and felt unwell after disembarking from the plane in Chengdu, so he went directly to the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital for medical treatment. in the morning of May 10, the Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the test was reviewed twice, and the results were weakly positive for Influenza A (H1N1) virus. The Sichuan Provincial Department of Health organized a provincial expert group to conduct a consultation, in accordance with the "Influenza A (H1N1) Diagnosis and Treatment Plan (2009 Trial Edition, First Edition)", the preliminary diagnosis of the patient as a suspected case of influenza A (H1N1). At present, the patient has been transferred to the Chengdu City Hospital for Infectious Diseases isolation treatment, its close contacts in the process of medical observation measures have also been taken.
The Ministry of Health has sent an expert group to Chengdu today to guide the diagnosis and treatment and prevention and control work.
The Ministry of Health has notified the relevant provinces and cities to urgently look for passengers who are in close contact with the patient, and called on the passengers who took the above flights and those who are aware of the situation to contact the local health departments as soon as possible.
The Ministry of Health has informed the World Health Organization, relevant countries and regions of the situation.
Teach you to recognize --- Influenza A (H1N1)
First, the basic knowledge of swine flu
1, what is swine flu? Can the swine flu virus be transmitted to people?
Swine influenza is a swine respiratory disease caused by swine influenza A virus, which can cause influenza outbreaks in swine herds. Normally, humans are rarely infected with swine influenza viruses. In recent years, there have been cases of human infection with swine influenza in the United States and other places, and most of the patients have had direct contact with sick pigs.
2. How do people get infected with swine flu? What are the symptoms and performance of swine flu infection?
People can be infected by contact with infected pigs or by contact with the environment infected by the swine flu virus, or by contact with people infected with the swine flu virus.
Symptoms of swine influenza in humans are similar to those of human influenza, including fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue, and in some cases diarrhea and vomiting, and in severe cases, pneumonia and respiratory failure, or even death.
3. Is there a vaccine for swine flu?
At present, there is no vaccine to prevent human swine influenza, but human swine influenza is preventable, controllable and treatable.
4. Can I get swine flu if I eat pork?
There is no evidence that swine flu can be transmitted through food. Therefore, it is safe to consume properly cooked pork and pork products. Cooking pork to an internal temperature of 71°C kills bacteria and viruses.
5. What measures can the public take?
(1) Avoid contact with respiratory patients with flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.) or pneumonia.
(2) Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently with hand sanitizer (soap) and water, especially after coughing or sneezing.
(3) Avoid contact with live pigs or traveling to places with pigs.
(4) Avoid crowded places.
(5) Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing, and then dispose of the tissue in the trash.
(6) If you are sick, stay home and minimize contact with others to avoid infecting them.
(7) Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth as germs can be spread through these means.
II. Notes for people entering and leaving the country
1. The following people should not travel:
(1) Anyone who is unwell, especially with fever;
(2) Anyone who has been in close contact with a suspected or confirmed case of swine flu in the past ten days, i.e., anyone who has taken care of the patient, lived with the patient, or come into contact with the patient's respiratory secretions and bodily fluids.
2, out of the country people need to do:
(1) before traveling, you need to prepare the following items:
General emergency supplies such as: paper towels, masks, etc., in case of emergency.
Disinfectant containing 65~95% alcohol to clean and sanitize your hands in case you don't have hand washing facilities.
Local Chinese consulate contact number.
(2) During the journey
A. Quarantine
Cooperate with the quarantine and health personnel in completing the necessary immigration and quarantine procedures. Do not litter or spit.
Garbage should be placed in the waste bin. If you spit, wrap it in a paper towel and dispose of it in the waste bin.
B. Hand washing
Keep your hands clean, wash your hands with hand sanitizer after using the toilet, before eating, before handling food, and after touching public **** objects. Avoid touching the eyes, nose and mouth, if you need to touch, you should wash your hands first. If you don't have hand washing facilities, use alcohol-based sanitizers to wash your hands.
C. Spare tissues/handkerchiefs
Bring tissues/handkerchiefs. Cover your nose and mouth when sneezing and coughing.
D. Spare personal items
Don't **** towels and personal items to avoid spreading diseases.
E. Spare Masks
You can bring a spare mask to wear in case of respiratory illness of yourself/your fellow travelers.
F. Chopsticks and spoons
You should use chopsticks and spoons when eating, and should not share lunch boxes and drinks with others.
G. Healthy Lifestyle
Continue to practice a healthy lifestyle during your trip and keep your body clean and do not smoke.
H. In case of illness
In case of illness, especially fever, notify the hotel and the tour leader/guide or relevant personnel;
The sick person and their caregivers should wear masks immediately;
Arrange for a doctor's appointment as soon as possible;
Remain in the hotel room/room to rest and terminate the tour temporarily until recovered.
If a traveler is suspected or confirmed to have swine flu by a local doctor, he/she should stay in the local hospital for further examination or treatment. Travelers should reduce contact with the sick person if not necessary and follow the local doctor's instructions to strictly observe personal hygiene measures. The traveler should cooperate with the local health and quarantine department to arrange the rest of the trip and the required quarantine measures.
(3) After the trip
Within 2 weeks of returning home, if you develop flu-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.), you should contact your local health and quarantine authorities.
3, the entry of people need to do:
(1) from the infected area of the return to the country when entering the country, such as influenza-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.), should take the initiative to the entry-exit inspection and quarantine agencies.
(2) returned from the infected area within 2 weeks, such as influenza-like symptoms (fever, cough, runny nose, etc.), should promptly contact the local health and disease control departments.
Third, participate in public activities to prevent swine flu and other infectious diseases, the public is advised to pay attention to:
1, participate in the activities:
If you feel unwell, especially fever and/or coughing, sneezing and other respiratory symptoms, you should not go to the activities, you should find a doctor's appointment as soon as possible.
Hands should always be clean and washed after touching public objects or facilities.
Handkerchiefs and tissues should be kept handy.
2. During the activity:
Maintain good personal hygiene. Cover your mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, and wash your hands with hand sanitizer immediately afterwards to avoid spreading germs through droplets.
Wash your hands before touching your eyes, mouth or nose, before eating and after using the toilet.
Wash your hands with hand sanitizer and dry them with paper towels or a drying device.
If handwashing facilities are not available, sanitize hands with a hand sanitizer containing 65-95% alcohol.
Do not spit or litter. Wrap spit in a tissue and dispose of it in a trash can. Garbage should also be disposed of in the trash can.
No smoking.
3. After the event:
Keep your hands clean.
After returning home, take a shower and wash your hair to remove any dirt and bacteria from your body.