How to maintain the truck:
1, the first insurance is very important: new car maintenance should be done. Most car owners will go to the special service station for maintenance according to the manufacturer's regulations when they arrive at the first warranty period, because most car manufacturers have implemented the first warranty free oil change discount for new cars.
Because it is a new car, the owner missed the first insurance, but the oil turned black and dirty, which will not cause any serious consequences. However, the new car is in a running-in state and the mechanical part is running-in, so the demand for lubricating oil will be higher. This is the meaning of being the first insurance.
2. The second insurance is also very important: the second insurance project involves the inspection and maintenance of up to 63 projects in eight parts, including engine, automatic gearbox, air conditioning system, steering system, braking system, suspension system, body part and tires. In addition, it also includes quality inspection and debugging.
After so many inspections and maintenance, the overall condition of the truck will obviously enter the best state, and the driving safety can be best guaranteed.
3, the key project of truck maintenance
(1) brake system
The braking system is very important for the safety of automobile driving. The braking system of small trucks mainly uses brake oil to transmit braking force, while heavy trucks use pneumatic braking system, and the two should adopt different maintenance methods.
For cars with oil circuit braking, check the brake oil level before leaving the car. If the oil level drops, immediately check the brake oil circuit for any leakage. Brake oil will fail after a long time, because it will absorb moisture in the air. It is best to change it once a year.
For the pneumatic braking system, pay attention to regularly drain the accumulated water in the system and replace the dryer regularly. The moisture in the pneumatic system will corrode the pipeline, affect the braking effect, and even lead to the failure of the braking system in serious cases.
(2) Wiper blade: In order to ensure driving safety, it is best to replace the wiper blade once a year. When replacing the wiper blade, the driver should not blindly increase the length and width of the wiper strip, because the original factory has made the best design for the washing field of vision. Although privately extending the length of the wiper blade can increase the visual range of the window, it will also increase the burden of electrical equipment such as wiper motor.
(3) Tire: Tire maintenance is the key to truck maintenance. When driving at high speed, if you have a flat tire, you will have a big accident, from tipping, tossing and turning over. Therefore, it is necessary to check the condition of tires before each trip.
First, check the tire pressure. Too high or too low air pressure is not good, so it should be adjusted according to the situation. For example, when the road is slippery and the weather is hot, the pressure should be lower and the gas should not be too full. When the temperature drops suddenly, it is necessary to add air pressure to the tires to cope with the low temperature road surface.
Secondly, check whether there are any scars on the tires, such as cracks in the tires, gnawing tires, and cracks in the wheel hub ribs. , and make the necessary replacement. Finally, replace the front and rear tires when the truck travels for a certain mileage, which can make the best use of it and prolong the service life of the tires.
(2) Wiper blade: In order to ensure driving safety, it is best to replace the wiper blade once a year. When replacing the wiper blade, the driver should not blindly increase the length and width of the wiper strip, because the original factory has made the best design for the washing field of vision. Although privately extending the length of the wiper blade can increase the visual range of the window, it will also increase the burden of electrical equipment such as wiper motor.
Extended data:
The normal use of headlights is an important guarantee for drivers' driving safety, and cars mainly pay special attention to the inspection and maintenance of headlights. In the usual use and maintenance, we should pay attention to check whether the turn signal, fog light and brake light of the car work normally, and replace the light bulb in time if it turns black.
Common truck maintenance projects
First, the vehicle level maintenance inspection items
(1) Replace the oil, oil filter, gasoline filter and air filter.
(2) Check whether the liquid level position of automobile coolant meets the requirements.
(3) Check the liquid level position of the brake and clutch.
(4) Check whether the oil level of the power steering oil tank meets the requirements, and check whether there is oil leakage at the oil pipe joints of the system.
(5) Check the liquid level of the battery and the glass cleaning tank.
(6) Check the tightness and aging of belts of generators, air conditioners, water pumps and booster pumps.
(7) Check whether the front and rear lights of the car are complete (including headlights, width lights, turn signals, brake lights, backup lights, fog lights, etc.). ).
(8) Check the tire pressure and wear condition of the automobile, tighten the tire screws according to the specified torque, supplement the tire pressure to the specified value of the vehicle model, and carry out tire transposition according to the wear condition.
(9) Check whether the automobile exhaust emission is up to standard.
Second, the vehicle secondary maintenance inspection items
(1) After the engine passes the operation of three cleanings and three filters, it should be easy to start, run smoothly, exhaust normally (referring to the exhaust standard), the water temperature and oil pressure meet the requirements, the speed is stable, there is no abnormal sound, the belt is moderately tight, and there are no four leaks (water, oil, electricity and gas).
(2) The free travel and toe-in in the direction meet the requirements, the steering is light, flexible and reliable, and the front wheel has no left-right swing and deviation when driving.
(3) The free stroke of the clutch meets the requirements, with convenient operation, complete separation, stable and reliable combination, no abnormal sound and no oil leakage in the hydraulic system.
(4) Gearbox, drive axle, universal joint (or half shaft) transmission device, etc. Good lubrication, reliable connection, no abnormal sound and overheating, no tripping, flexible gear shifting and no oil leakage.
(5) The free travel of the brake pedal and the braking interval meet the requirements, the driving and parking braking are good, there is no deviation and delay during braking, the inertia proportional valve works normally and there is no oil leakage.
(6) The tire pressure is normal (different models have different high and low air pressure standards).
(7) The cantilever and the shock absorber are fixed reliably and function normally, and the temperature of the hub bearing is not too high after driving.
(8) The generator, starter, lights, instruments, signal lights, buttons and switches are complete and can work normally.
(9) Add lubricating oil to all lubricating points of the whole vehicle.
(10) Wash and clean the whole vehicle.
Third, the vehicle three-level maintenance inspection items
Three-level maintenance centers on assembly disassembly, cleaning, inspection and adjustment.
1, engine maintenance work
(1) Disassemble the engine, clean and check all parts. The cylinder block and cylinder head should be clean and free of carbon deposit, oil stain and scale. The oil circuit is clean and smooth.
(2) The unevenness of the cylinder head shall not exceed 0.05mm every 50mm. ..
(3) The valve seat shall not be lower than 0.5mm of the cylinder head plane (whichever is the highest point).
(4) The taper and roundness of the cylinder bore of the cylinder block shall not exceed the limit.
(5) Grinding valve: The contact surface should be smooth and well sealed, and there should be no air leakage.
(6) Replace the piston ring when necessary.
(7) Check the clearance between crankshaft main bearing and connecting rod bearing. If the gap is too large, it can be adjusted.
(8) If the bearing bush is damaged or the journal is worn, replace and re-grind the bearing and journal.
(9) Scrapers, shovels (or bamboo) and metal brushes can be used to remove carbon deposits, and carbon deposit scavengers can also be used.
(10) Replace the cylinder gasket.
(1 1) Measure cylinder pressure: check engine speed.
2, chassis maintenance work
(1) Steering mechanism: the steering is flexible, the horizontal and vertical tie rods are free from bending and cracks, the threads and keyways are intact, the rotation is flexible without looseness, the locking device is complete, and the bolts are fastened.
(2) Dismantling and inspection of steering gear: Dismantling and inspection, cleaning and replacing damaged parts. After assembly, it should rotate flexibly without jamming, and load test should be carried out.
(3) Dismantle and check the hand and foot brakes, and implement them according to the requirements of secondary maintenance.
(4) Check that the threads of each pipe joint and tee pipe should be intact, closely combined and without leakage. Check the brake hose to avoid friction and collision with adjacent components. The hose shall not be damaged, leaked, expanded, layered or stained with oil.
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