Element name: Nickel
Element atomic weight: 58.69
Element type: metal
Atomic number: 28
Element symbol: Ni
Element name: Nickel
Element name: Nickel
Relative atomic mass: 58.69
Number of protons in the nucleus: 28
Number of electrons outside the nucleus: 28
Nuclear electric nucleus: 28
Proton mass: 4.6844E-26
Relative mass of the proton: 28.196
Period: 4
Group number: VIII
Molar Mass: 59
Hydride: NiH3
Oxide: NiO
Maximum-valent oxide chemical formula: Ni2O3
Density: 8.902
Melting point: 1453.0
Boiling point: 2732.0
External electron arrangement: 3d8 4s2
Extranuclear electron arrangement: 2,8,16,2
Color and state: silvery-white metal
Atomic radius: 1.62
Commonly found valence: +2,+3
Discovered by: Kronstadt
Discovery date and place: 1751 Sweden
Elemental origin: nickel pyrite [(Ni,Fe) 9S8]
Elemental use: A metallic element with ferromagnetic properties which is highly abrasive and corrosion resistant. It is mainly used in alloys (e.g. nickel steel and nickel silver) and as a catalyst (e.g. Lane nickel, especially as a catalyst for hydrogenation), and can be used in the manufacture of currency, etc. It can be plated on other metals to prevent rusting.
Discoverer: Kronstadt Discovery Year: 1751
Discovery Process:
In 1751, Sweden's Kronstadt, with red arsenic nickel ore surface weathering grains and charcoal **** heat, and the production of nickel.
Element Description:
Silver-white metal, density 8.9 g/cm3. melting point 1455 ℃, boiling point 2730 ℃. Ionization energy is 7.635 electron volts. Hard, magnetic and good plasticity. Good corrosion resistance, not oxidized in the air, and resistant to strong alkali. In dilute acid can be slowly dissolved, the release of hydrogen and produce green divalent nickel ions Ni2 +; oxidizing agent solutions, including nitric acid, are not reactive. Nickel is a moderately strong reducing agent.
Elemental source:
Produced by calcining ore to an oxide and reducing it with water gas or carbon.
Element Use:
Mainly used in the manufacture of stainless steel and other corrosion-resistant alloys, such as nickel steel, chromium-nickel steel and a variety of non-ferrous alloys, containing nickel content higher copper-nickel alloys, it is not easy to corrode. Also for hydrogenation catalysts and used in ceramic products, special chemical ware, electronic circuits, glass with green and nickel compounds such as the preparation.
Elementary supporting information:
Nickel in the earth's crust in the content is not small, greater than the common metal lead, tin, etc., but obviously much less than iron, and nickel and iron melting point is not similar, so it is destined to be later than the discovery of iron.
The end of the 17th century, Europeans began to pay attention to nickel arsenic (arsenic) ore. At the time, Germany used it to make green glass, and the miners called it kupfernickel. kupfer" is "copper" in German; "nickel kupfer" is German for "copper"; "nickel" is a curse word meaning "deceitful brat". Therefore, this word can be translated as "fake copper". At the time it was thought to be a mixture of copper and arsenic.
The Swedish chemist Kronst studied this mineral, and he obtained a small amount of metal different from copper. He published his research in 1751 and, believing it to be a new metal, called it nickel, which is where the Latin name niccolum and the symbol Ni for nickel come from. After nickel was discovered in Europe, the Germans first mixed it into copper to make the so-called Germanic silver, or German silver, which is our white copper.