Medical supervision of astronauts is essential to ensure safe flight in space; it is an important measure of the life-support system, and it can be said that spaceflight is not possible without sound safeguards.
Medical supervision of astronauts includes several aspects during training, in the preparatory period, during spaceflight and after spaceflight. Because in-flight medical supervision is far away in space and is more complex and mysterious than all other kinds of medical supervision, it is described in detail, and the rest will not be repeated.
In-flight medical supervision is mainly carried out with the help of telemetry systems of the spacecraft and ground stations, using human physiological and biochemical indicators, monitoring of environmental parameters in the cockpit, as well as telephone "questioning" and television "diagnostic" methods. In order to carry out effective supervision, the manned spacecraft and the space station are equipped with a bicycle ergometer for determining the metabolic function of the human body, a lower-body negative-pressure device for evaluating the ability to regulate the cardiovascular system, a sleep analyzer for observing sleep, as well as meters and sensors for determining electrocardiograms, blood pressures, heart tones, heart vibrations, pulse amplitudes, body temperatures, skin resistance maps, respiratory maps, voice analysis capabilities and other physiological indicators, so that various medical data can be collected promptly and real-time data processing can be carried out. medical data in a timely manner and make data processing in real time. The functional state of the astronauts during space flight is judged as "normal", "excessive", or "dangerous", and decisions on the astronauts' work and rest schedules are made on this basis. The space station to stay for a long time.
The data processing of aerospace medicine is the same as that of general medicine, and can be divided into digital, analog and analog digital processing. Among them, the analog processing mode for ground experimental research, a variety of physiological data acquisition using data processing methods, executed by the digital computer, the human body's functional state of the automatic judgment or prediction, the use of mathematical and statistical methods of assessment. For the judgment of human health state, the automated monitoring system is used for tracking judgment. In the implementation of medical supervision, ground monitoring personnel and astronauts to maintain close contact with the call, according to the established procedures, monitoring from the spacecraft sent back to the ground of a variety of physiological data, comprehensive analysis and judgment, to obtain the conclusions of the astronauts' physical health and ability to work. 1969 U.S. Apollo spacecraft in the course of the flight to the moon, the ground medical monitoring personnel through a variety of advanced means of "check the shape", "ask the doctor" and "look at the diagnosis", found the astronauts occurred nausea and vomiting, stomach upset, rhinitis, gastritis, enteritis, influenza, respiratory irritation and other symptoms of a variety of diseases, timely Cosmonaut Alexander Ravetkin, who entered the Mir space station on February 8, 1987, had to return to Earth early on July X due to ill health. His companion Romanenko also felt fatigue, the ground command center constantly shorten his working hours, from the beginning of 8.5 hours to 6.5 hours a day, 5.5 hours, 4.5 hours, until finally stopped all work, these diagnostics and treatment are made on the basis of supervision.