How to Transform Industries in Resource-Based Cities Abroad

Industrial transformation of resource cities is a common problem faced by countries all over the world, and it is also a worldwide problem. The industrialization process began earlier in some countries, from the 1960s has begun to face this problem, some countries in the industrial transformation of resource cities in practice and theoretical research on our country has a lot of inspiration. Britain, France and Germany have carried out long-term and in-depth exploration in promoting the transformation of resource cities, and formed a more comprehensive and systematic transformation promotion system. At present, these three countries have effectively alleviated the outstanding problems faced by the transformation of resource cities, and basically embarked on the road of sustainable development. First of all, strengthen government guidance, clear transformation goals. Government guidance is the premise of transformation. Britain, France and Germany have set up or made clear the government departments responsible for transformation work (such as the United Kingdom by the Housing and Local Affairs Department is responsible for the transformation of the national resource cities), to undertake "a comprehensive analysis of the problems existing in the transformation of resource cities, research and put forward systematic solutions, and to promote the realization of the goals of urban transformation and reengineering". The main responsibilities of the Department of Housing and Local Affairs in the United Kingdom are clearly defined. In the United Kingdom, the Department of Housing and Local Affairs explicitly lists "employment, private investment, housing security and new business opportunities" as the objectives of transformation. In order to promote the comprehensive and scientific transformation of cities, the three countries have also studied and formulated a more comprehensive planning system. Secondly, highlighting industrial upgrading and reconstructing the support for transformation. Industry is the core of transformation. With the gradual depletion of resource-based industries, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the three countries will be industrial transformation in the core position. First, emphasize the comprehensive utilization of resource-depleted mines and enterprises, rather than a simple "one off". For example, Germany's Saarland Industrial Culture Co., Ltd. is the transformation, the use of the original coal mine facilities established; V?lklingen Iron and Steel Works after the shutdown, through the planning, upgrading of the traditional sense of "a pile of scrap iron" into a rich industrial tourism resources, the steel plant has also been awarded the "World Cultural Heritage" award. Cultural Heritage" award; Second, focus on the introduction of new industries, cultivation. For example, in Saarland, Germany, new leading industries such as automobile industry, life industry, information industry and call center have been formed, and only the automobile industry includes more than 100 companies, arranging employment for more than 40,000 people. The reconstruction of industrial support promotes the transformation of resource-oriented cities in Britain, France and Germany to be carried out effectively and efficiently. Once again, the employment capacity is enhanced to break through the bottleneck of transformation. Employment is the key to transformation. Britain, France and Germany have paid great attention to the solution of employment problems in the transformation process. The main practices are: First, strengthen the regulatory constraints, enhance the social responsibility of enterprises. For example, France requires enterprises to bear the obligations of "notifying trade unions in advance, talking to employees about transfer, and providing employees with training opportunities" when dismissing employees; the second is to emphasize government support and create an employment environment. For example, France provides low-interest loans through the National Employment Investment Fund and the National Bank to create an environment for the re-employment of employees; the Saarland State of Germany provides a subsidy of 15% of the investment required for the creation of new jobs by the enterprises that create new jobs; and thirdly, it strengthens the employment training and enhances the employability of employees. In Saarland, Germany, 70% of the cost of enterprise employee training is borne by the government. Fourth, optimize the development environment and strengthen the foundation of transformation. Environment is the foundation of transformation. Britain, France and Germany generally attach importance to the optimization of the hard and soft environments. First, the hard environment is constantly optimized. Such as France's annual arrangements for enterprises to subsidize the land remediation funds amounted to 40 million euros; the second is to continuously enhance the soft environment. Such as Germany's economic and technological promotion company for investors to provide "one-stop" service; in order to strive for the landing of new projects, France in the loan subsidies, land concessions and other aspects of the proposed preferential policies. Finally, the multi-party financing to strengthen the transformation of security. Funding is the transformation of the security. Britain, France, Germany and the three countries in promoting the transformation process, attaches great importance to multi-channel financing for development. Its sources of funding include: first, the support of the European Union; second, the national government's financial allocations and low-interest loans from national banks; third, the proceeds of market-oriented operations. Market-oriented operation is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, tapping the capital value of land. Through land improvement or the government-owned land as a kind of equity input and market players to cooperate, improve the value-added income of the land, the United Kingdom in this regard carried out a successful practice; second, the active introduction of market players. Emphasis on the power of the market, the introduction of private investors, strategic investors, and the importance of "joint operations" rather than "fighting alone", so as to strengthen the foundation of the transition, the activation of the transformation of vitality.