Composite materials, by two or more different properties of the material, through physical or chemical methods, in the macro composition of materials with new properties. Various materials in the performance of each other's strengths and weaknesses, resulting in synergistic effects, so that the comprehensive performance of the composite material is better than the original composition of the material to meet a variety of different requirements.
The matrix materials of composite materials are divided into two categories: metal and non-metal. Metal matrix commonly used aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and its alloys. Non-metallic matrix is mainly synthetic resins, rubber, ceramics, graphite, carbon and so on. Reinforcement materials are mainly glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, aramid fibers, silicon carbide fibers, asbestos fibers, whiskers, metal wires, and hard fine grains.
Composite materials are widely used, mainly in the field of infrastructure and construction engineering, transportation, automotive composites, energy and environmental protection, aerospace. Among them, wind power, high-speed rail and automotive, high temperature gas desulfurization, military composite materials is the development of hot areas.
High-performance composites, as the name suggests, are composites with high performance.
According to the synthesis of different raw materials, high-performance fibers are mainly divided into carbon fibers, aramid fibers, special glass fibers, ultra-high polymer polyethylene fibers, etc., of which carbon fibers, aramid fibers, ultra-high polymer polyethylene fibers are the world's three major high-performance fibers, and carbon fibers are especially noteworthy.
According to the figures provided by the U.S. market research institutions, before 2015, the global carbon fiber market demand will remain 13% growth, while China's demand for carbon fiber growth rate is significantly faster than the world. It is estimated that by 2015, China's overall demand for carbon fiber will reach 16,000 tons. According to the new materials industry planning, "Twelfth Five-Year" end of China's carbon fiber production capacity of 12,000 tons.
At present, the new carbon fiber materials have entered a period of rapid expansion, the future of aerospace, oil and gas development, automotive, electronics and other fields will lead to significant growth in demand for carbon fiber materials. It is understood that Japan, the United States, Germany and other countries have a high degree of concentration of technology monopoly, the original silk, carbonization and other key aspects of Japan, the United States and other countries to control, which, basically, the production of small stranded carbon fiber Toray, Toho and Mitsubishi and other Japanese companies to control, the three market share of 70% or so, the large strands of the United States is mainly by the United States Zoltec, Germany, SGL and the Japanese Toho to control, the market share of 80% or so.
And other new materials facing the "technical barriers", as from 2000, the Chinese government invested special funds to promote the research and development of carbon fiber technology, the use of independent technology developed by a few domestic carbon fiber products have reached the level of similar products in the international arena, but the number of Chinese carbon fiber products, the rate of nationalization is
Resin Resin
Resin matrix composites are composed of organic polymers as a matrix, with corresponding fiber reinforcement, also known as fiber-reinforced plastics, which is a class of composites with more mature technology and widest application.
Single materials are the most used substances in daily life, whether organic or inorganic. With the continuous innovation of science and technology, people have higher and higher requirements for material performance. Therefore, the emergence of composite materials has been greatly welcomed by the market.
Composite materials are made of two or more different substances combined in different ways, which can integrate and play the advantages of various materials and expand the scope of application of materials. And resin matrix composites are one of the major categories.
Resin-based composites are composed of organic polymers as a matrix, with corresponding fiber reinforcement, also known as fiber-reinforced plastics, which is currently a more mature technology and the most widely used class of composite materials. According to the different fiber reinforcement, resin matrix composites can be divided into glass fiber reinforced plastics, carbon fiber composites, aramid fiber reinforced plastics and so on.
"Glass fiber reinforced plastics in China's market, production value, application has reached the world's advanced level, the various varieties can meet market demand. Carbon fiber composites, on the other hand, are mainly used in the aerospace field and are developing rapidly in China." Prof. Tang Mimao, director of the consulting department of the Chinese Society for Materials Research.
Composites span multiple fields of aerospace and energy
Resin-matrix composites appeared in the United States as early as 1932, and were mainly used in aerospace until the end of the Second World War, when the material began to expand its use in civil applications. Its production process also from the initial hand-paste molding technology, the development of the current fiber winding molding technology, vacuum bag and pressure belt molding technology, spray molding technology, a variety of processes coexist, the quality of resin matrix composites and production efficiency has increased dramatically.
And China's resin matrix composites started late. Only from 1958 began research and production, first used in military products, and then gradually expanded to civilian. In addition, China's production process is still dominated by the introduction of foreign countries.
At present, the resin matrix composites industry as an emerging industry, has been listed as China's "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for new materials," the focus of development. Planning put forward a low-cost, high specific strength, high specific modulus and high stability of the target, hope to overcome the resin matrix composite materials, raw materials preparation, industrial production and supporting equipment and other key issues ****.
Resin matrix composites are a combination of many substances, with a variety of substances of the composite effect. Specific performance aspects, first of all, light weight, good mechanical properties, with high specific strength, high specific modulus, fatigue resistance and good shock absorption performance. Secondly, excellent designability. Able to change the mass fraction and distribution direction of the fiber, add appropriate additives to make the potential performance of the material to focus on the necessary direction. Again, the chemical resistance, electrical properties, thermal properties of the composite material can show excellent state.
Because composite materials have the above characteristics, they are widely used in aerospace, energy industry, construction industry, rail transportation and other fields, the production of products including automotive parts, aircraft wings, radar, composite pipelines, wind turbine blades and so on.
In the resin matrix composites, glass fiber reinforced plastics in China's market is more mature, its market, production value, applications have reached the world's advanced level, the application is more widely used. Carbon fiber composites, on the other hand, belong to a high-end application, representing a country's overall level of science and technology and industrialization level, mainly used in aerospace and other fields.
According to the plan, by 2015, the resin matrix composites production will reach 5.3 million tons, of which 3 million tons of thermosetting composites production, thermoplastic composites with 2.3 million tons, will focus on the development of infrastructure and construction, energy and environmental protection, transportation and aerospace and other related composite products and their equipment, with special emphasis on new energy areas, marine oil Development of the field of new energy, offshore oil, electric power construction, environmental protection and carbon fiber composites as the representative of the advanced composite materials of basic research and applied research and development.