A training outline
Welding operations belong to special operations, the operating qualifications of the operators have a strict training and assessment of the certification system. Although in the certification, licensing and licensing into the training to master certain skills, but there are still many welders in welding operations in the safety of thin, often violating the "welding safety regulations" behavior. As most welders electrical professional and technical knowledge and general knowledge of electricity safety is limited, resulting in welding operations on-site accident hidden dangers, such as exposed terminals do not do according to the regulations of the insulation process, welding handle line connector conductor exposed not according to the regulations of the insulation process, welding handle line immersed in the water and muddy water. It can be seen that the elimination of potential accidents at the welding site is a skill that every welder should master. During the operation not only to ensure their own personal safety, but also to ensure the personal safety of others, welders in welding operations should be in accordance with the technical requirements of safety and welding operating procedures to prevent electrocution injuries and fire disasters.
Two, welding electrocution analysis
1, lack of knowledge of electrical safety
2, violation of safety regulations
3, unqualified equipment
4, welding machine maintenance and management of mismanagement
Three, welding safety regulations
1, welding license, welding machine is prohibited to hand over to the unauthorized operators. The welding machine is not allowed to be handed over to unlicensed workers.
2, before work should carefully check the welding machine, welding tongs, power cord and the connection of the joints, each part should be linked reliably, well insulated, power supply terminals shall not be exposed, should be wrapped in insulating cloth, to prevent overheating of the wiring and cause fire.
3, the welding machine must be equipped with a special power switch with leakage protection, its capacity should meet the requirements, when the welder is overloaded, it should be able to automatically cut off the power supply, prohibit multiple welding machine **** with a power switch.
4, the welding machine switch should be installed in the welding machine near the easy to operate place, there should be a safe passage around the welding machine and welding pliers between the length of the wire shall not exceed 30m, such as special needs, shall not exceed 50m.
5, the exposed parts of the welding machine and the exposed live wire must have a good protective cover, the welding machine should be equipped with a no-load step-down protector.
6, prohibit the building of metal structures, pipes, scaffolding and equipment as welding power circuit.
7, it is strictly prohibited in the operation of the pressure pipe, containing flammable and explosive containers and stressed components on the welding and cutting.
8, the welder must be placed smoothly in a well-ventilated, dry place, outdoor should be set up to protect the shed, are not allowed to be placed in flammable and explosive hazardous places.
9, all kinds of welding machine shell should be connected to zero (ground), electric welding clamp handle must have good insulation and heat insulation.
10, welding line through the road, must be elevated or through the protective tube buried in the ground, such as through the track, it must be passed under the track.
11, welding operation is prohibited when the welding wire coiled pile, should be spread out to facilitate heat dissipation.
12, the secondary line cable shall not be broken, found broken should be dealt with in a timely manner, line joints, must be firmly connected, insulation bandage.
13, rain without protection measures should stop open-air welding operations.
14, in metal containers, pipelines and wet places welding, feet to lay dry wood or rubber sheet, the body shall not touch the metal, and set up a person to monitor, if necessary, should take turns welding.
15, welding operations should wear insulating shoes, wear long protective gloves, with a mask and choose the appropriate filter, slag clearing, must wear protective glasses.
16, welding site within 10 meters, shall not be stacked with oxygen cylinders, acetylene cylinders and other pressure vessels and gasoline, grease, wood and other flammable materials
17, welding at height, should wear a safety belt, vertical and horizontal 10m below the scope of the flammable and explosive materials, can not be avoided should be tightly covered, or else not allowed to weld.
18, prohibit the overheating of the welding tongs immersed in water to cool.
19, move the welding machine should be shut down first power, not drag the cable to move the welding machine, such as welding in a sudden power failure, should cut off the power supply.
20, is strictly prohibited in the pressure of the container or pipe welding, welding charged equipment, must first cut off the power supply.
21, welding stored flammable and explosive, toxic substances in containers or pipelines, must be flammable and explosive, toxic substances clean, and all the orifices open, confirmed by the test, before the operation.
22, welding in the container, the container must be reliably grounded, well ventilated, it is strictly prohibited to the container of oxygen.
23, more than one welding machine together when welding, welding platform or weldments must be grounded, and have a light barrier measures.
24, it is strictly prohibited to wrap the wire on the body and smoking with the welding rod fire. Fire line arc, should notify each other to avoid the personnel.
25, after the end of the operation, clean up the scene, extinction of the fire, remove the residual heat of the weldment, cut off the power supply, lock the gate box, before leaving.
Four, welding equipment and welding fire prevention measures
Welding causes of fire
Welding, both electric and open flame operations, if the paralysis of the mind, improper operation, the system is not strict, the implementation of safety measures, is very easy to cause a fire. Welding fire causes are summarized in three aspects: one is the arc spark; two is the power discharge; three is the heat conduction ignition.
Electric welding equipment should be maintained in good condition. Welding machine and power line insulation should be reliable, welding wire should be used purple copper core wire, and should have sufficient cross-section to ensure that the insulation is not damaged due to overload in the process of use. When the wire is defective, it should be replaced or disposed of in time.
Welding wire and welding machine, welding pliers connected to the application of bolts or nuts, should be tightened, and avoid combustible and flammable and explosive materials.
Arc welding operation, often in contact with electrical equipment, so the electric welder should understand and master the construction of electrical equipment related to the project, the principle of proficiency in its basic operation, maintenance and safety of electricity knowledge.
Should develop a variety of safe use of electricity rules and regulations, strict implementation of safe operating procedures and shift handover system, the establishment of job responsibility system.
Five, construction welding safety
1, operators
Welding operation is a special operation, the operator must be professional safety and technical training, exams, holding a "special operations license" before being allowed to go on duty to operate independently, and according to the provisions of the wearing of insulating protective equipment;
2, welding pliers
Use of qualified electric welding pliers. Can firmly clamp the welding rod, and cable connection can be *, which is the key to keep the welding pliers do not abnormal heat. Welding pliers to have good insulation properties, prohibit the use of homemade simple welding pliers;
3, to avoid radiation of the arc light on the human body, shall not be in the vicinity of the direct viewing of the arc light directly with the eyes or avoiding the protective mask to peek; multi-welder operation, should be set up non-combustible or flame-retardant protective screen; the use of absorbent materials role of the indoor wall finishes in order to reduce the reflection of the arc; to ensure that the lighting of the workplace, to eliminate because of weld Vision is not clear after the ignition and then wear a mask; shall not arbitrarily change the color number of the filter; reform process, change the hand-held welding for automatic or semi-automatic welding, so that the welder can be far away from the welding place of operation;
4, metal fumes and harmful gases protection, according to the different welding processes and places to reasonably select the appropriate protective equipment; in the technical measures to choose the method of local and comprehensive ventilation; in the process of Selection of small pollution environment or mechanization. High degree of automation and the use of low-dust, low-toxicity welding rod and other measures to reduce the concentration of fumes and toxicity;
5, in order to prevent welding burns, should wear good overalls, work shoes, wear a good hat. Work clothes should be selected cotton and thicker texture, good anti-scald effect. Pay attention to the foot protection, do not wear soluble chemical fiber socks. Welding area should be clean around, welding rod pile should be concentrated, hot and cold welding rod should be placed separately. Handling of welding rod slag, collar to tie, wear good protective glasses, to reduce the burn accident;
6, welding site beforehand to remove flammable and explosive substances, overhead welding should be set below the fire catching disk. House boring roof as well as combustible materials near the stacks should not be welding operations; combustible gases in the pipeline and equipment and other equipment connected to each other, should be connected to the removal of pipeline or blocking;
7, in order to avoid electrocution accidents, the welder grounding and the various wiring points should be in good contact. Electrical insulation jacket is not broken, change the welder joints need to be reconnected twice back to the line; transfer of workplace or replace the welding rod should wear insulated gloves; in metal containers or metal structures and narrow workplace welding, should be used rubber pads, wear insulated gloves, wear insulated shoes; electric welding tongs shell insulation to be *; rain and snow can not be in the open air work; shall not be part of its own and the machine drive parts, etc., as a part of the welding circuit Welding equipment installation, repair and inspection by an electrician; unauthorized dismantling or replacement of fuses;
8, welding cables
① Welding cable in the use of multi-stranded fine copper wires without connectors cable, and welding machine terminals with the terminal nose connection compaction, to prevent arbitrary winding caused by loose contact, overheating, sparking phenomenon. Wiring plugs should be set on the protective cover.
②Welding cable length is generally not more than 20 ~ 30m, too long will increase the wire pressure drop.
3 welding cable across the channel, must take protective sleeve, through the pipe and other protective measures.
④Strictly prohibit the use of scaffolding, metal railings, rails and other metal objects used instead of wires, to prevent fire and electric shock caused by poor contact;
9, welding is not allowed to overload
Welding machine is not allowed to overload the use of the process, otherwise it will be burned due to overheating the welding machine or cause a fire, as well as overloading caused by damage to the insulation, may also cause Leakage and electric shock accidents;
10, before welding, should first check the welding machine equipment and tools are safe, such as welding machine grounding and whether the junction contact is good, welding cable insulation jacket has no damage, etc.;
11, welding on the equipment before, should be removed from the equipment grounding or zero wire, welding and then restored after welding;
12, welding operation Before, should check the operating environment, remove the risk factors and set up guardians. When too close to other people and related facilities, should be used to screen and safety intervals to ensure the safety of the operation; when welding operations at high altitude, you must hang up the safety belt;
13, replacement of welding rods, the welder should wear insulated gloves;
14, in the metal containers on the metal structure and other narrow workplace welding, the risk of electrocution is the greatest, it must be taken to take special protective measures. Such as the use of rubber pads, leather gloves, wear insulated shoes, etc., to ensure that the welder's body and insulation between the weldment. Prohibit the use of simple non-insulated shell welding pliers;
15, change the welder connector, replacement of welding parts need to be reconnected to the secondary circuit, or to transfer the workplace, the welder overhaul suspension of the work or work, you must cut off the power supply before operation;
16, the welder should be set up in the rain and well-ventilated place. Welding site is not allowed to pile up flammable and explosive substances;
17, AC arc welding machine primary side of the power cord must be well insulated, shall not be dragged anywhere, the length should be no more than 5 meters, into the line must be set up at the protective cover;
18, the welding machine should be used in the secondary wiring of the YHS-type rubber-sheathed copper multi-stranded flexible cable, the cable's length should be no more than 30 meters;
19, according to the construction needs. Construction needs, welding machine should be set up according to the region or standard high-level centralized, and should be numbered;
20, arranged in the outdoor welding machine should be set up in a dry place, and should be set up shed shelter;
21, the shell of the welding machine should be able to * grounding, not more than one series of grounding;
22, the welding machine each line of the welder shell of the thermal insulation resistance value shall not be less than 0.4M Ω;
23, the exposed conductive parts of the welding machine and the rotating part should be equipped with a safety cover, DC welding machine regulator is removed, the holes exposed on the casing should be added to protect the cover;
24, the power switch should be set up separately for the welding machine, the power supply of the DC welding machine should be used to control the starter.