Construction project management is a construction project as the object of management, the project manager responsibility system as the center, based on the contract, according to the inherent rules of the construction project, to achieve the optimal allocation of resources and factors of production for effective planning, organization, guidance, control, to achieve the best economic benefits of the process. The goal of construction project management is the goal of the project, the goal of the construction project defines the main content of construction project management, is "three control, two management, a coordination", namely, progress control, quality control, cost control. Contract management, information management and organizational coordination.
2, the characteristics of construction project management
Construction project management is the management of the construction project by the building construction enterprises, which mainly has the following characteristics:
(1) the manager of the construction project is the building construction enterprises. The construction unit (owner) and the design unit do not carry out construction project management. Supervision unit only the construction unit as the object of supervision, although related to the construction project, but can not be counted as construction project management.
(2) the object of construction project management is the construction project. The cycle of construction project management is also the life cycle of the construction project, including project bidding, signing the contract for the project, construction preparation, construction and delivery and acceptance. Construction project has the diversity, fixed and huge characteristics of the construction project management has brought about the particularity of the construction project management is the main particularity of the production activities and market trading activities at the same time, the first trading activities, after the finished products, buyers and sellers are put into the production management, production activities and trading activities are difficult to separate. Therefore, project management is a special commodity, special production activities, in a special market, the management of special trading activities, its complexity and difficulty are other production management can not be compared.
(3) the content of the construction project management is in a long time to carry out the orderly process, change by stage. Each project is carried out in accordance with the construction process, according to the construction process, managers need to be based on the construction project management time brought about by the changes in the content of the construction, must be made to design, sign a contract, put forward measures, targeted dynamic management, and optimize the combination of resources in order to improve the efficiency of construction and construction efficiency.
(4) construction project management requirements to strengthen the organization and coordination. Due to the construction project production activities of the single piece, involved in construction personnel mobility, the need to take a special way of flow, the organization of a large amount, due to construction in the open air, the long duration, the need for resources, but also due to the construction activities involved in complex economic relations, technical, legal, administrative and interpersonal relations, project management in the organization of the most difficult, complex and variable, must take to strengthen the organization of the coordinating Approach to ensure the smooth progress of construction, the main strengthening method is the preferred project manager, the establishment of scheduling agencies, qualified personnel, the establishment of a dynamic control system.
(5) construction project management and construction project management in the management of the task, content, scope are different.
Second, the content of construction project management
Construction project management is the main body of the construction project manager as the head of the project manager, that is, the operation management, the management of the object is a specific construction object, construction activities and related production factors.
1, and the establishment of construction project management organization a project manager
by the enterprise to take the appropriate way to select and employ competent construction project manager, clear project management department of the organization's responsibilities, rights and obligations, the development of project management system.
2, construction project management planning
(1) project decomposition, the formation of the construction object decomposition system, in order to determine the stage control objectives, from local to overall construction activities and construction project management.
(2) Establish construction project management work system, draw construction project management work system diagram and work information flow chart.
(3) Prepare construction organization design and identify management points for execution.
3, carry out the target control of the construction project
The objectives of the construction project have milestones and final objectives, and the realization of the objectives is the purpose of the construction project management, and the control objectives of the construction project are:
(1) progress control objectives;
(2) quality control objectives;
(3) cost control objectives;
(4) safety control objectives;
(5) construction site control objectives.
Because in the construction process, will be subject to a variety of objective factors of interference, a variety of risk factors have the possibility of occurring at any time, so it should be after the organization and coordination and risk management, dynamic control of construction project objectives.
4, the production factors of the construction project to optimize the configuration and dynamic management
The production factors of the construction project is the guarantee that the construction project objectives can be achieved, including: labor, materials, equipment, capital and technology, as well as information, the environment, resources. Factors of production management content:
(1) analysis of the characteristics of the factors;
(2) according to certain principles and methods of the construction project factors of production optimization configuration, and evaluation of the configuration status;
(3) dynamic management of the factors of production.
5, the construction project contract management
from the bidding should be strengthened from the beginning of the signing of the contract, fulfillment of the management of the contract, but also pay attention to good claims, methodology and skills, to provide sufficient evidence to obtain better economic benefits.
6, construction project information management
Construction project management is a complex modern management activities, rely on a large amount of information and management of large amounts of information, and the application of electronic computers to assist.
Three, scientific construction project management
1, the construction project management requirements for enterprises to establish a modern enterprise system
Modern enterprise system is "to adapt to the requirements of the market economy, property rights are clear, clear responsibilities and powers, government and enterprises, management science" as the characteristics of the enterprise system, the establishment of a modern enterprise system is to make enterprises to meet the requirements of the market economy, clear property rights, clear responsibilities and powers, government and enterprises, management science. The purpose of the modern enterprise system is to enable enterprises to operate in accordance with market laws, forming the basis of the socialist market economic system, and then make the market economic system to play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources to enterprises, the establishment of the modern enterprise system is also the direction of enterprise reform.
(1) the establishment of a modern enterprise system for the construction project management to create market conditions, construction projects are products, but also commodities. Construction project management to the market for the "stage". The establishment of a modern enterprise system, can revitalize enterprises, standardize corporate behavior, so that enterprises in accordance with the laws of the market, so that the market plays a fundamental role in the allocation of resources in the enterprise.
(2) The establishment of a modern enterprise system, the establishment of corporate property rights, so that the main body of property rights diversification, socialization, so that the owner of the assets and asset operators to separate, business management and operation layer separation. Enterprises can establish a project manager department according to the characteristics of the project, and the project manager department can independently realize the objectives according to the contract requirements.
(3) the establishment of a modern enterprise system, used to regulate the relationship between the owner, operator and producer, the formation of incentives and constraints combined with the business mechanism, project management mechanism conducive to the optimal allocation of resources and the dynamic combination of project management mechanism, so as to greatly mobilize the enthusiasm of the staff, the optimal realization of the production for the standard requirements.
2, construction project management to establish the status of the project manager project manager circle
①Establishment of construction project manager project manager circle
Project manager is the construction project management work team, placed under the leadership of the project manager to play a major role in construction project management. The formation of the project manager must be in accordance with the principle of optimization and dynamic management, adhere to the three "one-time" scientific positioning, that is: the project manager is a one-time construction production of temporary organizational structure; the project is a one-time cost center; the project manager is a one-time authorized manager, and a project manager can only undertake a project, after the completion of the project, the project manager can only undertake a project. Project, project completion of the project manager must be disintegrated.
The organizational form of the project management department should be in accordance with the project's geographical location, size, structure, technical complexity of the formation of the project location and the company's headquarters in the same region should be implemented in the matrix system of management. Project manager should be flexible, variable, dynamic, its personnel with the needs of project management and orderly flow, the project is far away from the company headquarters can be implemented division management, the company can authorize the project manager to a larger number of people, property, materials and business management authority.
The formation of the project management department does not advocate the construction of the project shareholding system, so as not to cause the loss of state-owned assets and other economic losses.
② Select competent project manager
Project manager is the management center of the construction project, the construction project management is fully responsible for the management of the project, the establishment of the status of the project manager is the key to good construction project management.
1)The project manager should have good politics, leadership, knowledge quality, practical experience and physical quality. Project manager selection can be selected through competitive recruitment, manager appointment, internal coordination, grassroots recommendations.
2)Once the project manager is appointed, the relationship between the project manager and the legal representative of the enterprise is entrusted and entrusted, authorized and authorized relationship, directly responsible to the enterprise manager, both superior and subordinate relationships, but also engineering contracting in the interest of equal economic contractual relationships. Project manager must be authorized by the legal representative of the enterprise time, authority and scope of the project to carry out the specific organization and implementation of the work, can not exceed the authority.
3, comprehensively promote and strengthen the project manager responsibility system
With the establishment of the socialist market economy and the deepening of project management, construction companies have initially formed a "two lines and a point" of the contracting system. On the one hand, due to the construction enterprises and construction units (owners) signed a contract of the terms of the requirements of the eventual transfer to the project-centered management through the various business activities; on the other hand, the enterprise to ensure the completion of the country's economic and technical indicators, but also through the contracting of project management, the goal of decomposition of the project up, which forces the enterprise must be established and perfected to the base of engineering project management project manager Responsibility system and project quality assurance system, through the strengthening of the establishment of the project manager to comprehensively organize the optimal allocation of production factors of responsibility, power, interests and risk mechanism, in order to facilitate the implementation of the project schedule, quality, cost, safety and the objectives of the whole process of strong management, otherwise the project management lack of motivation and pressure, and the lack of legal assurance. Therefore, the project manager responsibility system is the construction enterprise two contracting main line of the internal bond, it has the object of unity, comprehensive content, the subject of directness and responsibility for the risk of the characteristics of the full embodiment of the "indicators, responsibility, clear, direct interest, strict assessment" of the basic requirements.
Project management system reform requires enterprises to reorganize in accordance with the three levels, the company headquarters for the business decision-making layer, the project management department for the construction management, construction team for the grass-roots level of labor operations, the relationship between the three layers are:
(1) between the enterprise level and the project level, it should be the service and obedience, supervision and implementation of the relationship.
(2) the relationship between the project level and the operational level should be an equal economic contractual relationship between A and B (labor operations layer can be oriented to the enterprise, but also to the community, the implementation of two-way service and gradually to the direction of specialization, the establishment of independent legal personality of the labor contracting enterprise business decision-making should be streamlined, improve efficiency, to ensure that the decision-making, supervision, coordination, guidance, the fulfillment of the functions of the service, and to maintain a reasonable distribution of resources and the implementation of the project, and to maintain a reasonable distribution of resources and the implementation of the project. and to maintain the rational distribution and orderly flow of resources.
Project management is mainly responsible for the specific implementation of the project and the optimization of the allocation of enterprise production factors. Operational layer can face the enterprise, can also face the community, the implementation of two-way service, and gradually to specialization, small-scale enterprise direction, the formation of a flexible mechanism, diverse forms, high technical level, adaptability of the new type of enterprise organization.
Four, improve the internal reform of enterprises to improve the reform of the project management system
(1) improve the project manager responsibility system. Project manager in the enterprise within the scope of the authorization of the legal representative of the command of the project's production and operation activities, deployment of well management into the project manpower, funds, materials and other factors of production, the right to decide the project within the specific distribution plan and distribution form; equipment acquisition. The main material procurement, capital recovery and use of power should be centralized in the enterprise.
(2) the establishment and improvement of the project cost accounting system, the implementation of project management to adhere to the "enterprise is profit. B project is the cost center" principle, correctly deal with the relationship between the economic interests of enterprises and projects, enterprises should adhere to the separate accounting for each project, the implementation of the responsibility of the accountant, to strengthen cost management. Enterprises to project costs as an important assessment of the project manager's economic responsibility system based on the completion of the project, the project should be confirmed through an audit of the economic responsibility of the target situation, and seriously implement the rewards and penalties.
(3) enterprises in accordance with the principle of optimization and dynamic formation of project management team, project management team. Equipped with the principle of "lean and efficient, reasonable structure". Project team members should accept the leadership of the project manager at the same time should also accept the guidance, inspection, supervision and assessment of the business functions.
(4) Promote the separation of management and operational layers of the enterprise.
(5) strengthen and improve the enterprise internal production factors allocation mechanism, establish and improve the enterprise "five markets", namely: labor market, material supply market, institutional equipment leasing market, the use of funds to manage the market, a clearinghouse and the technology market, the effective allocation of internal factors of production management and operation mechanism, to promote the effective allocation of enterprise resources. Operation mechanism, to promote the orderly flow of enterprise resources and optimize the combination.
(6) Reducing staff, increasing efficiency, layoffs and streaming, and promoting the optimal allocation of enterprise production factors.
①Establishing and perfecting re-employment service centers of enterprises, all laid-off workers of state-owned enterprises should enter the re-employment service centers of enterprises, and the centers ensure the basic living expenses of the laid-off workers to be paid and pay the old-age pension and medical insurance premiums on behalf of the laid-off workers.
②To take a variety of ways to stream and resettlement of laid-off employees. Such as the creation of "three", transfer training, internal retirement, self-employment, negotiation and other means of diversion of redundant enterprises, enterprises to take a variety of ways to create employment conditions, diversion and resettlement of laid-off workers.
(7) Enterprises should strengthen technical training; focus on the training of enterprise management personnel, project managers and operational workers in key positions, and link the assessment with induction and promotion, so as to effectively improve the overall quality of enterprises.
(8) In the project construction process should promote the application of new technologies, new techniques, new materials, new equipment, and improve the scientific and technological content of engineering construction. Enterprises should increase investment in science and technology to improve the level of technical equipment. In short, construction project management is the embodiment of the energy and competitive strength of construction enterprises, so we must resolve to do a good job of construction project management, revitalization of our enterprises, which is also the starting point of China's construction reform, foothold and focus.