1. Landfill method: Fill the garbage into the prepared pit, cover it and compact it, so that it will undergo biological, physical and chemical changes, decompose organic matter, and achieve the purpose of reduction and harmlessness. However, for a long time, most cities in China have used open-air stacking and natural ditch filling for treatment. Without any protective measures, a large amount of garbage and sewage have infiltrated into the ground from the surface, causing serious pollution to the urban environment and underground water sources. Therefore, this garbage disposal method has been gradually eliminated.
2. Incineration method: Incineration method is a method of putting garbage in a high-temperature furnace to fully oxidize the combustible components in it, and the generated heat is used for power generation and heating. The biggest disadvantage of this method is that dioxin gas will be produced when burning garbage, so only by a series of treatment of toxic and harmful gases produced by incineration can this method achieve the purpose of environmental protection. At the same time, the initial investment of incineration treatment is large, and it will cost about 700-800 million yuan to build an incinerator with a daily garbage treatment capacity of 1 10,000 tons and attached heat energy recovery equipment.
3. Composting method: the domestic garbage is piled up, kept at 70℃, stored and fermented, and the organic matter is decomposed into inorganic nutrients with the help of the decomposition ability of microorganisms in the garbage. After composting, domestic garbage becomes sanitary and odorless humus. It can not only solve the way out of garbage, but also achieve the purpose of recycling. However, domestic waste compost has a large amount and low nutrient content, so long-term use is easy to cause soil hardening and groundwater deterioration. Therefore, the scale of compost is not easy to be too large.
4. Resource treatment: classify the municipal solid waste carefully, and then take appropriate measures according to the different properties of the classified garbage, so that different kinds of garbage can be utilized, so as to truly reduce, harmlessly and recycle the garbage. Generally speaking, municipal waste is divided into the following four categories:
(1) Material waste group: glass, magnetic or nonmagnetic metal, waste paper, rubber and plastic.
(2) Organic waste group: kitchen waste and biological waste.
(3) Inorganic garbage group: furnace ash slag, bricks and tiles, ceramics, etc.
(4) Toxic and harmful wastes: waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, pesticide containers, expired drugs, medical wastes, electronic wastes of discarded electrical appliances such as televisions, telephones and computers.