First, the development status:
In China, sports has long been developed as a cause rather than an industry, but how to increase the output of business achievements in the traditional sense as much as possible, such as the number of competitions organized, the number of people participating in exercise, the number of gold, silver and bronze medals and the rate of reaching the standard. As long as these business achievements reach the predetermined planned targets, the task will be successfully completed. Under the socialist market economy system, the development of sports should not only pursue "primary output", but also "secondary output", that is, the initial output with good social benefits will be transformed into economic benefits that can be measured by physical form and value form. This will make sports change from career and public welfare to management, create economic benefits by providing sports products and services to the society, and give play to the basic role of the market in the allocation of sports resources.
According to this guiding ideology, since the rise of billiards in 1980s, China has pioneered sports consumption, followed by swimming, bowling, skating, tennis and gymnasiums. At present, various foreign sports are still going deep into China, such as archery, formula racing, bungee jumping, skiing, rock climbing, surfing, windsurfing and skydiving. These sports have attracted the participation of many higher-income consumers and become popular to some extent, making people's leisure activities healthier and more selective. On the other hand, the competition performance market has begun to take shape, and the first-class football league has shown great commercial value. In addition, CBA, CNBA basketball league and CCTV table tennis competition are also concrete manifestations of sports industrialization and professionalization. In a word, although China's sports industry started late, it has developed rapidly, the industrial field has been expanding, the development scale has been gradually increased, the industrial quality has been greatly improved, and the industrial benefits have also been significantly improved.
According to the present situation of the development of China's sports industry, the development focus of the sports industry can only be located in the sports itself industry, with fitness, entertainment, leisure and competitive performances as the development focus of the sports industry, which will promote the development of sports intermediary industries and sports peripheral industries, including sports brokerage industry and sports media communication industry (news and television, publishing, audio and video, etc.). ), sporting goods industry, sports tourism industry, sports insurance industry. At the same time, promote the all-round development of sports capital (sports fund, sports lottery, securities, etc.). ), sports information technology consulting and training, sports rehabilitation medical monitoring.
Second, the direction
First, the sports industry is developing towards socialization and diversification. With the improvement of China's macroeconomic situation after China's entry into the World Trade Organization, the adjustment of domestic industrial structure will be accelerated. The change of industrial structure and the rational allocation of resources will bring about economic growth, thus forming a certain support and pull for the sports industry. The national policy orientation of developing the tertiary industry will provide preferential policy guarantee for the development of sports industry; The growing service trade in the international market provides a good market environment for the sports industry, enhances the attraction of the sports industry to social funds, and thus attracts a large amount of social capital investment. Diversification of investment channels in sports industry means that sports enterprises will develop from state investment and centralized property rights structure to non-nationalization and diversified property rights structure, and the sports industry will break the situation of industry barriers and start real socialization.
Second, the fitness, leisure and entertainment industry is booming. With the economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards, the rising mass fitness and leisure sports will also make the sports industry achieve greater development. Because both in depth and breadth, mass sports involve more people and fields than competitive sports. In China, after a period of slow development since the emergence of sports fitness and entertainment venues in the early 1980s, the demand for services such as fitness, entertainment and leisure increased rapidly in the early 1990s due to the deepening of reform and the expansion of opening to the outside world, the improvement of living standards and the fact that some people got rich first. Especially with the deepening of the reform of free medical care system in China, people are more aware of the importance of having a healthy body, which has been gradually recognized and accepted by most people. China's physical fitness and recreation are forming an unprecedented new pattern, which is centered on the national fitness plan. Because the national fitness plan is implemented for all citizens, it will certainly make the sports industry develop unprecedentedly, and will also drive and promote the development of other industries and departments and even the whole national economy, and truly optimize the industrial structure.
Third, the sports industry is developing towards globalization. Since the 1990s, the most prominent new features and trends in the economic field in this century are the integration and globalization of the world economy. Today, various international trade, financial and monetary organizations have an increasing influence on the world economy, and the proportion of foreign trade in the national economy of various countries is also increasing. The number of multinational companies in the world has grown to hundreds of thousands, which has had an unprecedented impact on global economic development and industrial layout. As a part of the world economy and global industrial system, the globalization trend of sports industry is also accelerating in recent years, and the proportion of sports trade in global international trade is also increasing year by year, reaching 2 15% at present. With the gradual commercialization and professionalization of the Olympic Games and the rise of sports industry markets in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa, this globalization trend will accelerate.
Fourthly, the professionalization and socialization of competitive sports. The professionalization trend of world competitive athletes is increasingly obvious, and this form of exclusive occupation, exclusive management, exclusive investment and exclusive development has become one of the important ways to realize sports development. Because competitive sports need huge investment, professionalization is the main way to get rid of the economic crisis of competitive sports. Without affecting the technical level of sports and solving the increasingly serious contradictions, it has played a positive role in the development of sports and promoted the rapid development of sports professionalism. With the expansion of the professionalization of competitive sports, the socialization of competitive sports has also developed greatly. In particular, the State Sports Commission took football and basketball as the breakthrough of reform and made remarkable achievements after they were introduced to the society. Competitive sports are more and more dependent on society and market, the "hematopoietic function" of competitive sports has been greatly strengthened, and the state funds have been greatly reduced. Making full use of social funds for social sports activities has also achieved the goal of improving sports level and popularizing sports. At the same time, due to the high development of social productive forces, sports has become an important part of national social life, which will attract more teenagers to participate in sports and further promote the development of sports industry.
Fifth, the role of electronic media appears. Mass media, especially modern high-tech means of communication represented by electronic media, have had a wide and far-reaching impact on the sports industry. The electronic media invented and popularized in the 20th century, including television, radio, computer and Internet, completely changed the relationship between competitive sports and spectators. Especially with the development of satellite transmission technology, audiences all over the world can watch all kinds of wonderful competitions held around the world through TV and the Internet, and competitive sports have an increasing influence on global audiences. Because of this, many enterprises, including sporting goods manufacturers, have established and maintained close relations with sports through various forms of sponsorship to international sports activities and internationally renowned teams and athletes, and regard sports as a carrier to publicize and sell their own enterprises or products to consumers around the world. On the other hand, the sponsorship activities of these enterprises provide economic support for the development of international sports organizations and the development of international sports competitions, thus improving the international popularity of sports. According to the corporate sponsorship guide of the international competition group, the global sports sponsorship fund is as high as 1996 USD. It can be seen that electronic media not only changes the way people watch sports games, makes the significance of sports games richer and more diversified, makes competitive sports more dramatic, ornamental and attractive, but also greatly changes the face of competitive sports industry and promotes its rapid development. Television and broadcasting organizations all over the world spend huge sums of money to buy the broadcasting rights of various sports competitions every year, and competitive sports have also gained great fame and high status through media hype.
Categories and contents of sports industry:
I. Organization and management
Sports administration, business organization and management activities
Social Affairs Administration *
-sports social affairs management institutions
Sports organization (refers to the activities of organizations specializing in sports competition, training, consultation and management)
-Various professional sports clubs
-Various sports teams
-Various mass sports organizations
-Various specialized sports management organizations (such as sports associations and centers)
Other sports organization and management activities
Professional organizations *
-Sports social group service
Other social groups *
-Sports Foundation
-Other unspecified sports social organizations.
Second, the management of sports venues.
Sports venue management activities
Sports venues (referring to the management activities of venues available for watching games and venues specially used for athletes' training)
-Comprehensive gymnasium
-Comprehensive gymnasium
-Sports training base
-Swimming competition venues
Football, basketball and volleyball courts
-Tennis, badminton and table tennis venues
-Chess and cards competition venues
-Other venues not listed.
Third, fitness and leisure.
Fitness and leisure activities
Leisure fitness and entertainment activities (refers to the business activities of leisure fitness and entertainment places and other sports and entertainment places mainly open to the society)
-A comprehensive sports and entertainment venue (a comprehensive fitness center integrating swimming, bowling, ball games and fitness)
bowling alley
-Fitness Center (lobby)
-Billiards room, darts room
-Golf course
-Shooting and archery hall (venue)
-Sand skiing, skiing and simulated ski resorts.
-Thrilling entertainment places (skydiving, gliding, bungee jumping, rock climbing, slides, etc.). )
-Recreational military training
-Sports training places
-Other leisure, fitness and entertainment activities not specified.
Fourth, the sports intermediary category.
Sports business service
Other unspecified commercial services *
-Personal brokerage activities of athletes
-Ticket agent activities for sports events.
-Preparing, planning and organizing Olympic activities.
-Other unspecified sports commercial services.
Sports economic consulting service
Socio-economic consultation *
-Sports economic consultation activities
Sports brokerage service
Other sports
-Sports brokerage services
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Other sports activities
Sports training service
Vocational skills training *
-Wushu training services
-Training services for other sports.
Sports scientific research service
Research and experimental development of social humanities *
-Sports science research service
Sports lottery service
Other recreational activities *
-Sports lottery
Sports media service
Book publishing *
-Sports book publishing service
Periodical publishing *
-Sports magazine publishing service
Audio-visual production *
-Sports recording production service.
-Production services of sports video products.
Publication of audio-visual products *
-Sports record publishing service.
-Publishing services for sports video products.
Broadcast *
-Sports broadcasting production services
-Sports broadcasting service
Television *
-Sports TV program production service
-Sports TV broadcasting service
-Sports TV program export service
-Sports TV import service
Sports exhibition service
Conference and exhibition services *
-Sporting goods exhibition service
Sports market management service
Market management *
-Sports goods market management services
Gymnasium design service
Engineering investigation and design *
-Gymnasium architectural engineering design services
-Gymnasium architectural engineering design services.
-Outdoor sports facilities design service
. Gymnasium cleaning service
Other cleaning services *
-Stadium cleaning service
Sports heritage and cultural protection services
Heritage and cultural protection *
-National Sports Protection Service
Six, sporting goods, clothing, shoes and hats and related sporting goods manufacturing.
Sporting goods manufacturing
Ball manufacturing
Manufacture of sports equipment and accessories
Training and fitness equipment manufacturing
Manufacture of sports protection equipment
Other sporting goods manufacturing industry
Sportswear and footwear manufacturing
Textile and garment manufacturing *
-Sportswear
Make a hat *
-Making all kinds of sports caps.
Leather shoes manufacturing *
-Leather sneakers and boots
Rubber overshoes manufacturing *
-Cloth sports rubber shoes
Plastic shoe manufacturing industry *
-sneakers made of plastic.
Related sports product manufacturing
Entertainment products and indoor entertainment equipment manufacturing industry *
-Billiard table and its accessories
-Bowling equipment and equipment
-Darts and darts boards
-Sand table
Manufacture of ropes, cables and cables *
-Sports net (pocket)
Suitcase and bag (bag)
-Sports bag
Tea drinks and other soft drinks manufacturing *
-Sports drinks
Manufacturing of weapons and ammunition *
-Sports gun
Mechanized agricultural and horticultural machinery manufacturing *
-Rolling machine for sports ground
-Electric lawn mower for sports ground
Automobile body and trailer manufacturing *
-Golf car
Pedal bicycle and disabled bicycle manufacturing *
-Racing.
Manufacturing of special lighting and electrical signal equipment for vehicles *
-displays for football fields, stadiums, etc.
Seven, sporting goods, clothing, shoes and hats and related sporting goods sales category.
Wholesale of sporting goods, clothing, shoes and hats and related products.
Sports products wholesale
Clothing wholesale *
-Sportswear Wholesale Service
Wholesale of shoes and hats *
-wholesale services for sports, leisure shoes and hats
Book wholesale *
-Sports book wholesale service.
Wholesale of newspapers and periodicals *
-Sports magazine wholesale service.
Wholesale of audio-visual products and electronic publications *
-Wholesale service of laser discs for sports.
-Sports video wholesale service.
-Wholesale service of sports electronic publications.
Other stationery wholesale *
-Billiards equipment wholesale service
-Dart equipment wholesale service
-Sand Ball Equipment Wholesale Service
Retail of sporting goods, clothing, shoes and hats and related products
Sporting goods retail
Footwear and Footwear Retail *
-Professional retail service for sports shoes
Clothing retail *
-Specialized sportswear retail service.
Department Store Retail *
-Retail services in sports department stores
Supermarket retail *
-Retail of sports products in supermarkets
Trade in sports products and agency services
Trade brokers and agents *
-Agency services for international trade in sporting goods.
-Domestic trade agency services for sporting goods.
Eight, stadiums and buildings
Gymnasium residential engineering construction
Housing construction *
-Sports, leisure and fitness housing construction
Stadium engineering building
Other civil engineering buildings *
-Stadiums and facilities works
Outdoor sports facilities