Occupational disease refers to the diseases caused by workers in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances in their professional activities. The laws of all countries have provisions for the prevention of occupational diseases.
A, occupational disease prevention and control work adhere to the policy
The prevention and control of occupational diseases adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with control, and implement the principle of classified management and comprehensive management.
The policy of "prevention first, combining prevention with treatment" is based on the characteristics that occupational diseases can be prevented but difficult to treat. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases must start from the source of the disease and implement early prevention.
"Prevention first" is the basis and premise of doing a good job in occupational disease prevention and control, that is, we should "take precautions" and "nip in the bud", and change the work mode of occupational disease prevention and control from the traditional post-event treatment to the management mode of prevention first, focusing on prevention, rather than passively dealing with the aftermath after the occurrence of occupational diseases, and eliminating occupational disease hazards in the bud.
Second, how to prevent and control occupational diseases
1, actively cooperate with the health department in the supervision and inspection of occupational disease prevention and control. According to Article 8 of the Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, the state implements the occupational health monitoring system, the health administrative department of the State Council is responsible for the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and control throughout the country, and the health administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level is responsible for the supervision and management of occupational disease prevention and control within its administrative area. Actively cooperate with the health administrative department to do a good job in occupational disease prevention and control, and supervision and inspection are the key points for the employer to do a good job in occupational disease prevention and control.
2. Do a good job in personal protection.
(1) Strengthening personal protection is an important measure to ensure the occupational safety and health of operators. Personal protective equipment includes protective masks, gas masks, protective glasses, gloves, aprons and rubber shoes. Proper use of protective equipment is extremely important, especially when maintaining equipment and performing other operations. Pay attention to skin protection for poisons that are easily absorbed through the skin, or poisons that come into contact with strong acid and alkali chemicals. All protective equipment must pay attention to its actual effect and be cleaned and kept after use. Consciously develop good hygiene habits such as taking a bath after work, not eating, smoking and drinking water in the workplace, so as to prevent poisoning by eating poison by mistake.
(2) When working in confined spaces such as containers and equipment, it is necessary to operate in strict accordance with the relevant provisions of confined space operations to prevent personnel poisoning.
(3) Organize occupational health examination and establish health monitoring files: conduct occupational health examination for new workers before taking up their posts-on the one hand, this physical examination can find out whether there are occupational contraindications as early as possible, such as asthma patients who are not suitable for people exposed to irritating gases; On the other hand, it is a kind of basic health information, which is convenient for future observation and health care. Organize regular on-the-job physical examinations for employees engaged in toxic and harmful operations, and transfer or change jobs in time if they are found unsuitable for toxic and harmful operations; Workers who are found to have occupational diseases should be dealt with in a timely manner according to national laws and regulations. The health examination data of toxic and harmful workers should be one person and one file.
Third, strengthen the management of occupational disease prevention and control.
(1) In construction projects such as new construction, expansion, reconstruction, technical transformation and technology introduction, the occupational health examination of construction projects must be carried out according to law to ensure the early prevention of occupational hazards, that is, occupational disease protection facilities must be designed, constructed and put into production at the same time as the main project.
(two) establish and improve the occupational health management system, strengthen the management of storage, transportation, use and collection of toxic and harmful substances, and prevent the leakage, diffusion and loss of toxic substances.
(three) to strengthen the regular monitoring and management of occupational hazards in the workplace, timely grasp the changes in the concentration of harmful substances, and timely find and solve existing problems.
(four) adhere to the occupational health training and education, improve the knowledge and awareness of occupational disease protection of workers.
Workers have the right to occupational health protection according to law. The employing unit shall create a working environment and conditions that meet the national occupational health standards and health requirements for workers, and take measures to ensure that workers obtain occupational health protection.
Legal objectivity:
I. Basic Principles of Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases Occupational diseases refer to diseases caused by workers in enterprises, institutions and individual economic organizations who are exposed to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors in their professional activities. The guiding ideology and principles of China's Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases: Article 3 The prevention and control of occupational diseases shall adhere to the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention and control, establish a mechanism in which employers are responsible, administrative organs supervise, industry self-discipline, employees participate and social supervision, and implement classified management and comprehensive management. Two. Wages and benefits of employees suffering from occupational diseases China's Law on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases clearly stipulates the protection and management in the labor process, the diagnosis of occupational diseases, the protection, supervision and inspection, and legal responsibilities of occupational patients. According to the law, the employing unit shall, in accordance with the provisions of the safety production supervision and management department and the health administrative department of the State Council, organize occupational health examinations for workers exposed to occupational hazards before, during and after taking up their posts. When a medical and health institution discovers a suspected occupational disease patient, it shall inform the employee himself and notify the employer in time. The employing unit shall timely arrange patients suspected of occupational diseases for diagnosis; During the period of diagnosis or medical observation, patients suspected of occupational diseases may not terminate or terminate their labor contracts. At the same time, the employer should also ensure that patients with occupational diseases enjoy the occupational disease treatment prescribed by the state according to law. 1. During the period of treatment and recuperation, employees diagnosed with occupational diseases shall be treated equally with similar employees of this enterprise in terms of salary, bonus, allowance, welfare and health food. 2. If employees need to be hospitalized for observation and treatment due to occupational diseases and occupational hazards, their medical expenses, hospitalization expenses, hospitalization food subsidies, travel expenses, etc. Should be regarded as work-related. 3, workers diagnosed with occupational diseases, transferred from toxic and harmful jobs, the reduced wages and bonuses, made up by the enterprise. Toxic and harmful post allowance and health food shall be retained, and those who no longer engage in toxic and harmful operations after occupational diseases are cured shall no longer enjoy the above treatment.