Xinjiang leather industry, once the national light industry leader. According to the autonomous region leather association secretary-general, the late 1980s, the early 1990s in xinjiang leather manufacturer size 181. 1988 when the heyday of the xinjiang leather industry output value of 360 million yuan, leather clothing production of more than 400,000 pieces, profits and taxes of 10.57 million yuan, the product has been rated many times as a superior product, has been exported to the world's 16 countries and regions, foreign exchange earnings of more than 1 million U.S. dollars.
Once upon a time, the degree of its weakness is surprising, according to the autonomous region statistics bureau in 2000 statistics show: according to the main economic indicators of all independently accountable industrial enterprises, leather products and manufacturing enterprises, the number of 3, 2 loss-making enterprises, industrial output value of 389,000 yuan, export delivery value of 0 yuan, the total amount of profits of -304.9 million yuan, loss-making enterprises with losses totaling 3,053,000 yuan. million yuan.
This huge change in the gap, is due to Xinjiang leather raw material depletion? Not also! As one of the country's five pastoral Xinjiang, no raw materials, where to the former glory? So far Xinjiang is still available every year cowhide 1.1 million, sheepskin 15 million or more, and from the countries along the border can also be imported raw skin, but these raw materials after the initial processing is a steady stream of transportation to zhejiang haining, hebei xinji, henan zhengzhou, guangdong, fujian, sichuan and other places.
So, is there no market in Xinjiang? Not also! To Urumqi City, major trade city to see, leather, shoes, bags stalls can account for more than one-third of the border hotel has become a tourist shopping, export shoes, leather distribution center, only Baktu a port, the first five months of this year, the export of shoes 48 tons, 59,232 pairs of shoes, valued at $ 250,000 U.S. dollars. According to the Urumqi leather market, an operator, do a good job of wholesalers 1 year can be wholesale and retail sales of 20,000 pieces of leather products, but to the regret of the people of Xinjiang is that most of the products sold are not local products, in Xinjiang sales and exports of leather shoes and leather clothing more than 90% of the mainland production. Is the real estate leather clothing market at all? The answer is also negative. Had a red-hot Ashan brand leather jackets, in the Xinjiang market, but also sales, but are in a substantial price reduction; real estate leather jackets, leather vest, its style, workmanship and some mainland manufacturers of products can not be compared to the Xinjiang "Yaochi" women's leather vest, for example, the style is still in 1996 before the ever-popular, and some mainland manufacturers processed out of the leather vest has been fashionable, a small vertical neckline, imitation of the zipper of the rhinestones, Tang-style placket is fashionable.
and Xinjiang leather enterprises in stark contrast to some of the mainland to the private sector, in recent years in Xinjiang is very hot, only last year they imported from the Khorgos and the Alashankou coast of 6 million pieces of cowhide, 8 million pieces of sheepskin, wet processed production of semi-finished products will be shipped to the mainland for finishing and then shipped to the Xinjiang market or exported to the Central Asian five countries.
A person in the industry said, the opening of the Eurasian continental bridge so that Xinjiang has become the bridgehead into central Asia, Russia and even Europe, with the implementation of the western development policy, there have been mainlanders and Taiwan businessmen concerned about this market. According to the xinjiang leather association secretary-general, the state animal and plant quarantine bureau in 2000, the 13th document, all imported leather must be processed within 100 kilometers of the port before shipping out. Since the implementation of the document, there are now mainland enterprises in the port along the investment in new construction, reconstruction of twenty or thirty leather processing enterprises. At the beginning of this year, zhejiang kasen industrial joint-stock company and khorgos port management committee reached an intention to its holding subsidiary baiyin kasen leather limited company as the main body of investment, in the port after the acquisition of land to set up the khorgos leather limited company, the scope of business includes leather, fur processing and manufacturing, a project with a total investment of 20 million yuan.
From these gaps can be seen, the leather industry in xinjiang lost in the product innovation, lost in the absence of their own advantage brand, lost in the product quality. It is understood, after joining the WTO, from the United States, Australia and other countries imported leather width, good quality, the arrival price of 1 square foot 8 yuan, while Xinjiang is sold to 9 yuan to 10 yuan; People's leather width of the largest more than 80 square feet, good under the material, while the organ reported that the largest leather in Xinjiang is more than 30 square feet. In addition, Xinjiang's tannery from the original leather into the processing of leather to a month, while the mainland manufacturers as long as 8 days. The product does not adapt to the market demand, the style is not novel, the quality is not good mainland, the price is high, all of these constraints on the development of leather industry in xinjiang. In addition to this, the state-owned leather enterprise management there is a serious phenomenon of government and enterprise not separate, institutional shortcomings and socialization of state-owned enterprises, retirees, heavy burden, lagging management, the above how can these with the mainland private enterprise flexible market mechanism to compete? When the mainland leather products to the price of humble and beautiful new style into the market in xinjiang, xinjiang's leather industry also only face fill out the destiny. Fortunately, in recent years, xinjiang leather industry association also put forward xinjiang leather to "second business", the implementation of brand-name strategy, continue to implement the "tannery concentration, product dispersion" development policy, focus on the development of medium and high-grade sheep clothing leather, wool leather one and clothing, gradually start cattle leather production; Establish and perfect two professional market, namely, in ujiang city, big west gate as the center and leather products professional market and in the center of the kaziwan Leather production raw materials, accessories and chemical materials specialized market. Gradually in the conditions of the region, processing environmental protection efforts, the establishment of "leather industrial park", centralized leather wet processing production, centralized leather sewage treatment. Believe that after some enterprise asset reorganization, Xinjiang leather industry will be back to glory.
China's textiles have amazing growth potential, but because of Europe and the United States "special protection" measures are limited to 8% to 12.5% of the "box", the enterprise quota will be extremely fierce competition. China has never been so close to a large-scale trade war, as a major cotton production area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Xinjiang textile enterprises how to face the "special protection" brought about by the impact and challenges? Will this impact eventually affect cotton farmers?
Cotton prices "up" sound
"Special security" storm does not seem to have affected the cotton farmers Ma Xiaoqin optimistic about this year's cotton prices.
Last year, Ma Xiaoqin planted 50 acres of cotton, did not sell at a good price. This year she planted only 30 acres. In the field, she gave the reporter a fine account: "This year, each acre of land contracting fees averaged about 200 yuan; each acre of seed to cost 25 yuan; urea and other fertilizers an average of 150 yuan per acre; watering 5 times a year, each acre needs 75 yuan; picking costs an average of 150 yuan per acre, plus turning the ground, sowing, drugging, etc., an acre of land, the main cost is about 650 yuan."
"This year the price of cotton has reached 5 yuan, planting less, I heard it will go up." Ma Xiaoqin said, "At 5 yuan, an average of 220 kilograms of seed cotton per mu, the gross profit is 1,100 yuan, remove the cost, an acre can earn three or four hundred yuan."
"Last year, the price of cotton fell, would not dare to plant, or else this year there will be more." Optimistic, Ma Xiaoqin has a little helpless.
Dianba Xiangxiang Zhuang Jian analysis: "This year, the price of oil rose, inevitably caused by the price of chemical fibers, chemical fibers up, cotton will also follow the rise."
The Zhuang township chief said that this year, agricultural capital rose too quickly, picking flowers from the previous 0.6 yuan per kilogram rose to 0.71 yuan, labor shortage to rise to 1 yuan to 1.5 yuan. Want to use machines to pick flowers, but a machine will cost 800,000 yuan to 1 million yuan, but also uniform cotton growth, spitting uniformity, if necessary, but also chemical ripening to ensure that the operation is over once. For the moment it is not realistic.
The general manager of Yinyang Cotton and Linen Company in Changji City, who signed a cotton order with Tsukuba Township, believes that although the "special security" storm will have an impact on cotton prices, but this year's cotton prices are still bullish: "Although the implementation of quotas, but the total amount of incremental increase in China's textile exports are not only Europe and the United States, therefore, the total production is definitely increasing. Therefore, the total amount of production is certainly increased, the quota only limits the change in the growth rate."
Yinyang Cotton and Linen Company to the cotton farmers of the guaranteed price of 4.5 yuan to 5 yuan, to which the general manager explained: "Since June 1 this year, futures lead the spot market trend is becoming more and more obvious, we have been paying attention to the futures market. Now the cotton price in the market has reached 5 dollars. Although there are many uncertainties in agricultural products, such as national macro-control policies, natural disasters, etc., everyone has high expectations for cotton prices this year. In any case, the international market cotton prices are skyrocketing, China as the largest consumer of cotton, their own cotton is not enough, but also need to import cotton, demand growth is certain."
Wanda Futures Urumqi business department marketing director Wang Yuansu also laid out the reasons for the rise in cotton prices: "Now better than in March to May, at least the trade environment is stable, the demand has entered a virtuous cycle of volume growth, some time ago, the trade environment is uncertain, many companies can not sign a single, do not dare to buy cotton, the factory can not stop work, the product Can not sell had to be backlogged, when the price of cotton is also low. From the supply and demand situation, this year's cotton planting area is reduced, the demand increased, will certainly pull cotton prices."
It is understood that the average purchase price of cotton in Xinjiang last year was 538 yuan per quintal, 2005 ~ 2006 annual average purchase price of cotton in Xinjiang is expected to be 550 yuan per quintal to 600 yuan per ton is expected to rise 1500 yuan or so over the same period last year.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Department, although the textile trade dispute currently no clear results, but textile exports will still tend to grow, the contradiction between supply and demand for cotton is very prominent. The average purchase price of Xinjiang cotton in the new year is based on the current domestic and international cotton market supply and demand situation is expected. As the national cotton industry investment growth rate is significant, the impact of oil price increases in textile chemical fiber prices, relative to the proportion of cotton increased, cotton consumption will reach about 8.67 million tons, while also maintaining 1.3 million tons of inventory, the national cotton shortfall of 2 million tons, the need to import from abroad.
Keeping the cotton pile of textile enterprises struggling
Xinjiang is the world's and China's largest hand-picked fine-staple cotton and China's only long-staple cotton production base, Xinjiang's cotton production accounted for the country's 1/3, accounting for 60% of the country's commodity cotton trading volume and 100% of the volume of export trade, Xinjiang, 80% of each year's production of cotton need to be sold through the domestic and foreign markets; Xinjiang's cotton planting area, total production, unit production, and the number of cotton planting area, total production, unit production, and the number of cotton planting area. Xinjiang cotton planting area, total output, single production, domestic sales, exports for 11 consecutive years ranked first in the country.
With such obvious resource advantages, however, Xinjiang's textile enterprises are struggling to keep the cotton heap. 2004, the national textile industry profit of 44.3 billion yuan, Xinjiang, but a loss of 480 million yuan.
Talking about the "special security" storm on the impact of Xinjiang cotton textile enterprises, autonomous regions and foreign trade and economic and trade hall trade management He Xiaoyun, director of bluntly said: "There is no impact. Xinjiang textile exports are not much, many cotton textile enterprises are nearly paralyzed. In Xinjiang textile export trade, border trade mode of textile exports accounted for about 90% of all textile exports, not subject to quota restrictions; Xinjiang's self-produced textiles are mostly cotton cloth, cotton yarn and other primary products, manufactured goods are mainly purchased in the mainland for export."
The former vice minister of the Ministry of Textiles, China Textile Association, Du Yuzhou, president of the summary, Xinjiang textile enterprises in the predicament mainly from two major problems: first, the cotton problem. In recent years, Xinjiang's cotton production has soared, textile enterprises but the slow development of the strange thing is that many Xinjiang textile enterprises to buy cotton is more expensive than the mainland enterprises. As most of the Xinjiang cotton sales out of Xinjiang, the mainland purchasing volume, the natural price is low. A more important factor is that the mainland enterprises on the cotton can choose from a wide range of domestic or imported can be; Xinjiang cotton imports almost no quota, first of all, a single procurement channel, Xinjiang cotton enterprises generally lose money, the lack of competitiveness in the market, if it is not the government directive transfer of cotton, the price is high, cotton and hemp companies still do not want to sell, why? Fear of money can not be collected back.
The second aspect is the institutional problem. As the current Chinese textile enterprises are highly competitive industry, the old state-owned enterprises in the past are simply unable to cope. Now, the domestic restructuring of the textile enterprises accounted for 90%, less than 10% of the state-run, and Xinjiang state-run textile enterprises also accounted for 70% to 80%. If the system is straightened out, the enterprise labor problem can be solved. Xinjiang textile enterprises with low labor efficiency, raising idle people, the mainland per 10,000 spindles of labor in the 60 to 70 people below, the minimum can be more than 30 people; Xinjiang, an average of about 200 people, the gap is too large.
Internal worries more terrible than the external
"Xinjiang textile industry is more terrible than the external worries." This is the Xinjiang textile enterprises **** knowledge.
While Xinjiang is a cotton region, but Xinjiang textile enterprises now total industrial added value of only 1.5 billion yuan, accounting for only 0.3% of the country, almost negligible. And 10 years ago, Xinjiang textile enterprises in the country can be ranked in the top 10.
In a sense, the impact may also be a good thing, by the impact of the Xinjiang textile enterprises to become the cause of introspection.
Fan Zhihong, director of the Xinjiang Textile Industry Office Planning Department, said, "Although most of the textile enterprises in Xinjiang to produce upstream products, but also to get the mainland to market, if the mainland customers face a shutdown, surely the choice of sales surface is narrow. The most fundamental way or speed up industrial upgrading."
"Xinjiang textile enterprises disadvantage is obvious," said Fan Zhihong, director of the "First, a single textile variety, high value-added products are few, are 'big road goods'; Second, Xinjiang textile enterprises of a single raw material structure is also a constraint. In the developed areas of the Mainland, alternative products to cotton - new fibers in the up and down fluctuations in the price of cotton plays a huge role, while Xinjiang textile enterprises in the product development is less, become a great defect; Mainland textile enterprises industrial chain has been formed into a dragon, the internal high degree of concentration, closely linked, Xinjiang is the A single textile factory to compete with others, a single yarn products sold to downstream enterprises."
"Docking with the mainland industry chain is the only way out for Xinjiang textile enterprises." Director Fan Zhihong affirmed.
However, whether it is enterprise restructuring or industrial upgrading, it is always easier said than done. Textile enterprises belong to the high energy consumption, high input, low value-added, labor-intensive industries, only a "high input" on the difficulty of many enterprises.
Everyone knows that product quality is the lifeline of the enterprise, textile enterprises to ensure stable quality, the biggest prerequisite is the stability of the equipment and the stability of the cotton grade, there is no large cotton reserves, now eat cotton, eat this time not the next meal, it is certainly difficult to do. But to acquire cotton, 10,000 tons of cotton to 100 million yuan of funds, so that at every turn several hundred million, no financial strength simply can not afford to eat.
Once in the north and south of the best textile enterprises "Chang cotton" and "library cotton" because of the restructuring of the acquisition, operational problems led to the break of the capital chain, coinciding with the adjustment of the national macro-policy, tightening of the monetary fund, the enterprise stagnation.
Xinjiang Tianshan Textile in the face of national policy adjustments, do not want to make a similar mistake with the "Chang cotton", restructuring of new moves, on the one hand, increase capital and shares, on the other hand, actively negotiate with downstream customers for the docking of the industry chain with the mainland. At present, the overall situation of the enterprise is good, the total production capacity of 200,000 spindles, cotton stocks can be "eaten" to the new flowers listed, is on full production.
Not long ago, the original Urumqi "seven spinning" restructuring of Xinjiang Gold Spinning Co., Ltd. declined a reporter's interview, but the relevant person in charge of the Xinjiang Textile Industry Office said, "Xinjiang Gold Spinning" total size of Xinjiang's largest, and now is also a burden The largest enterprises, equipment level is low. Moreover, as the capital of Urumqi textile enterprises, take the low-end route is certainly not feasible. Textile enterprises work three shifts, the environment is more difficult, there is no high pay to hire highly skilled personnel, to high pay must have high-end products, industrial upgrading is the external pressure, but also the internal demand.
In the face of the "special protection" shock wave, Xinjiang Yida Textile Company has a rare confidence. As a large multinational enterprise, due to the high grade of enterprise products, and has formed a close industrial chain with downstream enterprises, production into a virtuous cycle, "TBP" impact on its impact is not great, the enterprise has not taken special measures. (Liu Bing Li Runwen Jiang Hong)