High-energy beam processing technology to high-energy density beam (electron beam, laser, ion beam, etc.) as a heat source and the role of the material, so as to achieve material removal, connection, growth and modification. High-energy beam processing the technology has unique technical advantages, known as one of the advanced manufacturing technology of this century, by more and more attention, the application field is expanding. After years of development, high-energy beam processing technology has been applied to welding, surface engineering and rapid manufacturing, etc., in aviation, aerospace, ships, weapons, transportation, medical and many other fields play an important role.
The development of high-energy beam current beam source quality
The application and development of high-energy beam current processing technology and high-energy beam current beam source quality has a close relationship. With the continuous development of science and technology, whether it is an electron beam or laser beam, beam quality is getting better and better, energy density, power and other parameters are getting higher and higher, the processing capacity and processing quality have been improved.
Electron beam beam quality has two main connotations: one is the stability of the beam current and high voltage; the second is the shape of the beam current and energy distribution. The former mainly depends on the high-voltage power supply and the corresponding control system; the latter mainly depends on the electron gun and its electromagnetic focusing system.
High-voltage power supply is an important part of the electron beam processing equipment, since the 1950s, the design and manufacture of high-voltage power supply technology has experienced three stages, namely, industrial frequency transformers, intermediate-frequency generator sets, high-frequency switching power supply. In each stage of development, high-voltage power supply performance has been greatly improved, especially switching high-voltage power supply, high-voltage regulation range is wider, higher effective power, high-voltage ripple, equipment size is smaller. At present, all parts of the high-voltage switching power supply are realized in high-frequency operation mode, usually in the case of beam current full scale, the stability of beam current reaches ± 0.25%, and the stability of high voltage reaches ± 0.25%. Fluorine lined butterfly valve
Beam shape and energy distribution depends mainly on the electron gun and its electromagnetic focusing system, there is no exclusive quantitative indicators, usually can be measured on the energy distribution of different sections of the beam to analyze the shape of the beam and the energy distribution of the beam is good. At present, the electron beam current generating device (electron gun) technology is developing rapidly, has been developed from low-pressure low-power type to high-pressure high-power type (as shown in Table 1), greatly enhancing the processing capacity and processing quality, while expanding the electron beam processing technology means.
China's high-voltage electron beam welding equipment development started late, mainly because of high-voltage electron beam processing equipment in the electron gun and high-voltage power supply design and manufacture of technically difficult, test test is not easy to carry out. At present, more domestic research on electron beam welding equipment, but mainly limited to medium voltage, small power electron beam welder research, high pressure, high power equipment research is relatively small. Currently has solved the problem of high-power high-voltage power supply and high-pressure electron gun, the National Defense Science and Technology Key Laboratory of high-energy beam processing technology for systematic and in-depth research, and has achieved certain results, high-voltage power supply of high-voltage, beam stability have reached ± 0.25%, but also the development of a new type of electron beam energy density measurement device to carry out the relevant research to improve the electron gun.
The continuous emergence of new lasers and the continuous improvement of the technology to improve the perfect, a strong impetus to the application of laser technology in various fields, especially after the mid to late 1980s, Nd: YAG lasers and CO2 lasers to further improve the performance of the output power increased to the level of kilowatts and 10,000 watts, so that the material of the laser processing technology to further expand the scope of application, in particular, laser Welding technology has been transformed from heat conduction welding to deep fusion welding, welding mechanism and principle of fundamental changes.
In foreign countries, the output power of about 10kW CO2 laser processing system has become a stable application in various industrial sectors of conventional welding equipment. In high-power laser welding applications, the French Institute of Welding in 1993 installed and completed the commissioning of 45kW CO2 laser, is carrying out basic research work on large thickness (40 ~ 50m m) single-pass welding technology. 1994 and 1996, Japan's Kinki Institute of Advanced Materials Processing and the Japan Iron and Steel Company has also completed the 45kW CO2 laser Installation work. At the same time, the output power of YAG laser welding system also has a large increase in output power of 4k W commercialized equipment has been introduced to the market.
In China, laser material processing technology has experienced more than 30 years of development history. After a number of five-year plan of the country's research, laser processing equipment from scratch, the output power step by step to improve, there are a number of units have the ability to produce 2 ~ 10kW CO2 laser series products, but also the manufacture of kilowatts below the YAG solid-state lasers. But compared with foreign countries, the beam quality is poor, component reliability, stability needs to be further improved.
At present, the performance of Nd:YAG lasers and CO2 lasers is further improved. For Nd: YAG laser, in order to overcome its serious thermal lens effect in high power operation, improve the output power of the laser and beam quality, the development of slats, tubes and other new laser structure form; in addition, fiber optic transmission greatly improves the flexibility of welding operations. At the same time, CO2 laser from the initial cross-flow structure to a fast axial flow structure, the output power is greatly improved; radio frequency excitation and microwave excitation mode of the establishment of the CO2 laser to reduce the size of the laser, improve the efficiency and modulability.
In the 1990s, the diode-pumped solid-state lasers, so that the laser volume is greatly reduced, high beam quality, long life, pumping efficiency is far more than the lamp excitation mode, is a promising new laser processing energy, will be a large extent to replace the existing laser processing equipment.
In recent years, a number of new lasers have entered the field of laser processing (such as excimer lasers, emission of 5μm near the laser wavelength of the CO laser, etc.), which will expand the new field of laser welding equipment, and promote the forward development of laser processing technology. In particular, the emergence of fiber lasers, both beam quality and output power should be said to be a revolutionary change in laser processing technology.
The above application and development of high-energy beam processing technology is collected and organized by Zhongda Consulting
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