As the chief designer of the measurement and control system for the Chang'e-1 mission in 2007, the manned spacecraft in 2008 and the Chang'e-2 mission today, Qian has witnessed the rapid development of China's space industry during the 11th Five-Year Plan. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, Qian witnessed the rapid development of China's space industry. This is just a microcosm of China's scientific and technological progress in recent years and its increasing ability to innovate on its own.
Under the guidance of the scientific concept of development, China's macroeconomic growth during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period has been steady and rapid, with the economy ranking among the world's top three, traditional agriculture accelerating its transformation into modern agriculture, and a new path of industrialization leading China's industry to achieve a new leap forward, as well as a sustained improvement in the standard of living of the people. What is even more surprising is that while reaping these achievements, positive progress has been made in energy conservation, emission reduction and industrial restructuring, and the efficiency of resource utilization has been significantly improved.
"The achievements made during the '11th Five-Year Plan' period are tremendous, with more than 90 percent of the targets achieved or exceeded. Especially against the backdrop of the international financial crisis, the economy still achieved high growth, which is very uncomplicated." Yang Yiyong, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Institute of Social Development, commented.
It can be said that the five years of the 11th Five-Year Plan is a period of consolidating the foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, and also a period of brilliant achievements in China's economic and social development.
Five years of progress: under the double challenges of the international financial crisis and natural disasters, China's economy has once again made a new leap forward
Let's look at a set of figures for comparison first--
In March 2006, the fourth meeting of the 10th National People's Congress (NPC) deliberated and adopted the 11th Five-Year Plan for the National Economic and Social Development of China. Eleventh Five-Year Plan. According to the plan, during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China's economic growth target was set at an average annual growth rate of 7.5 percent, with per capita GDP doubling that of 2000.
At this moment, looking back at the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", although 2010 has not yet come to an end, but the first four years of China's GDP has achieved an average annual growth rate of 11.4%, 1.6 percentage points faster than the average growth rate of 9.8% in the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", and 8.2 percentage points faster than the world's level in the same period. Level 8.2 percentage points faster than the same period in the world. In the first half of this year, China's GDP achieved a growth of 11.1%. Experts predicted that this year's annual growth rate of China's economy should not be less than 9.5%, which means that the average annual growth rate of the economy during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period of more than 10%, the per capita GDP than the goal of doubling the year 2000 will also be exceeded to achieve.
Incredibly, this high growth rate was achieved under the double challenge of the international financial crisis, which caused the world economy to stagnate or even experience negative growth, as well as a series of natural disasters at home.
In 2008, under the impact of the international financial crisis triggered by the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, China's economy suffered an unprecedented blow. Sudden and severe natural disasters, such as the rain, snow and ice storm, Wenchuan earthquake, Yushu earthquake, drought in southwest China, Zhouqu mudslides and floods, also put the economic operation to a severe test again and again. Starting from the fourth quarter of that year, China's economy declined rapidly, and by the first quarter of 2009, the GDP growth rate once fell to 6.1%.
In the face of the complex and changing economic environment at home and abroad, as well as a succession of major challenges, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council decisively introduced and implemented a package to stimulate the economy, strengthened and improved the macroeconomic control in a targeted manner, and actively promoted the transformation of the mode of economic development and structural adjustment, so as to make the national economy towards the expected direction of macroeconomic control and the economic growth rate rose quarter by quarter, and the annual growth rate of 8.7%, exceeding the expected growth rate of 6.1%. The economic growth rate picked up quarter by quarter, and the annual growth rate was 8.7%, exceeding the target of "keeping 8". In the midst of the bleak world economy, it has become a bright landscape. The World Bank report pointed out that "in the process of coping with the international financial crisis, China's economy has become the primary driving force of world economic growth."
In the five years of the 11th Five-Year Plan, not only did China's economic growth rate lead the world, but the position of China's economy in the world's economic landscape also underwent significant changes. 2009, China's total economic output in the world rose from fourth place in 2005 to third place, and its share of the world's total economic output reached 8.5%, up 3.6% from 2005, and its share of the world's total economic output increased by 3.6% from 2005. in 2009, up 3.6 percentage points from 2005. In 2010, this pattern was rewritten again: China's GDP surpassed Japan's in the second quarter, thus leaping to the world's second largest economy.
Not only that, in 2009, China's foreign exchange reserves and fiscal revenues reached 2.4 trillion U.S. dollars and 6.9 trillion yuan, among the world's leading; in the world's 500 kinds of industrial products, 220 kinds of products in China's production of the world's first, the scale of the equipment and electronic information industry has been ranked second in the world; that year's total foreign trade import and export amounted to 220,727,000,000 U.S. dollars, 1.5 times the amount of 2005, the world ranked first. The total foreign trade import and export amounted to 2207.27 billion U.S. dollars that year, which is 1.5 times of that of 2005, and the ranking of the world has risen from the third to the second in 2005, of which the export value has risen from third to the first.
In the face of challenges and tests, China's economy has once again made a new leap forward and delivered a wonderful answer.
Five years of upgrading: energy conservation and emission reduction are unprecedented, and the four major resource and environmental constraints are expected to be fully realized
In the 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has soared, but its rough development has also brought about excessive consumption of resources and damage to the environment, which has made it necessary for us to rethink and explore a path of sustainable development.
It is against this backdrop that the 11th Five-Year Plan, for the first time, proposes and specifies legally binding targets for resources and the environment: energy consumption per unit of GDP should be reduced by about 20%, the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption should reach about 10%, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption should be increased to about 10%, and the proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption should be increased to about 10%. The proportion of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption reaches about 10%, the forest coverage rate reaches 20%, and the emission of major pollutants drops by 10%. The targets are more specific and more binding than those in the previous 10 five-year plans. These targets have not only further enriched the connotation of China's economic growth, but also laid down hard rules on the quality and mode of growth, reflecting the government's pursuit of a scientific development model from quantity to quality.
Not long ago, Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), summarized and introduced the energy conservation and emission reduction situation during the 11th Five-Year Plan period, saying that in order to achieve the 11th Five-Year Plan goals, China has vigorously developed the tertiary industry in terms of structural energy conservation; in the secondary industry, it has vigorously developed the high-tech industry to make the industry more efficient. Vigorously develop high-tech industries, so that the internal structure of the industry to further optimize; in the elimination of backward production capacity, "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" the first four years, China *** eliminated more than 60 million kilowatts of small thermal power units, eliminating backward iron production capacity of 87.12 million tons, steel production capacity of 60.38 million tons of cement production capacity of 214 million tons.
In this regard, Yang Yiyong said in an interview: "'Eleventh Five-Year' tasks, energy saving and emission reduction should be the most difficult. But by strengthening the constraints, this goal has also been realized, which is very gratifying." In fact, China as a developing traditional industrial countries, "the world's processing factories", once consumed about 40% of the world's coal, 50% of the cement, 60% of the steel and 70% of the oil and gas, energy consumption per unit of GDP is more than five times the world average. Although energy saving and emission reduction, pollution control and elimination of backwardness has become an inevitable choice for China's sustainable economic development, but within five years to achieve "20% reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP" still need to make strenuous efforts. To this end, the central government in this period invested more than 200 billion yuan for energy conservation and environmental protection projects, energy saving and emission reduction technology transformation. And these inputs only accounted for 10% to 15% of the total investment in national energy conservation and environmental protection.
In the central and all levels of government *** with efforts, China's energy saving and emission reduction has made positive progress, energy utilization efficiency has improved significantly. "In the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, on the basis of an average annual growth rate of 13.5% in industrial added value, the energy consumption per unit of industrial added value above designated size fell by a total of 20.76%, with a cumulative total energy saving of 530 million tons of standard coal. At the same time, total chemical oxygen demand emissions fell by 9.66%, total sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 13.14%, laying an important foundation for the realization of the country's completion of energy consumption per unit of GDP and major pollutant emissions reduction targets.
From the current situation, "the last three of the four indicators to the end of the year after efforts can be realized, but the completion of the unit GDP energy consumption reduction of about 20% of the target, but also faces a lot of difficulties and challenges", Xie Zhenhua said. But at the same time, he said, "we will definitely work hard to fulfill the energy-saving and emission reduction targets."
Five years of benefiting the people: people's lives continue to improve, and social security is advancing rapidly
Looking back at the 11th Five-Year Plan, it's not hard to find that the economic, social and political reforms that have been pushed forward are all marked by the word "people's livelihood".
"Rural reforms have generally benefited the majority of farmers, and there has been a major breakthrough in the reform of basic public **** services. The construction of people's livelihoods has received unprecedented attention from governments at all levels, so the '11th Five-Year Plan' has also been hailed as the 'Five-Year Plan for People's Livelihoods'." Chi Fulin, president of the China Institute for Reform and Development (CIRD), said of the results achieved by various reform measures during the 11th Five-Year Plan period.
Improving people's livelihoods is the fundamental purpose of economic development, as well as the starting and ending point of economic growth. This concept in the "Eleventh Five-Year" period of each year's government work report are more and more fully embodied - in 2006, China's full abolition of agricultural tax, the majority of farmers have since embarked on the road to prosperity by reducing the burden of income; the same year, the central financial out of the In the same year, the central financial government took out 185.9 billion yuan to invest in difficult groups. Since then, financial expenditures for people's livelihoods have increased year by year, exceeding one trillion yuan in 2008, and exceeding 1.6 trillion yuan in 2010. At the same time, new rural cooperative medical care has covered all counties (cities and districts) with agricultural populations nationwide since 2008, completing the goals of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan ahead of schedule. In addition, during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state focused on increasing policy support, exempting miscellaneous fees for compulsory education, the new health care reform program benefited urban and rural residents, and basic medical insurance has covered more than 92 percent of the country's population.
The five years of sustained and rapid growth of the national economy have also been a period of continuous efforts by the government to promote policies that benefit the people and improve their lives. 2006 to 2009, the per capita disposable income of urban residents increased from 11,760 yuan to 17,175 yuan, an average annual growth rate of 10.2 percent, 0.6 percent faster than the average growth rate of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". The average annual growth rate of 10.2% was 0.6 percentage points faster than the average growth rate of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", while the average net income of rural residents increased from 3,587 yuan to 5,153 yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 8.3%, 3 percentage points faster than the average growth rate of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan".
Today, in large and medium-sized cities as well as some rural areas, automobiles have come into the family, and the popularity of computers and cell phones is also increasing, so that people's demand for spiritual and cultural entertainment is growing. Data show that China's private car ownership increased from 23.33 million in 2006 to 45.75 million in 2009; cell phone users increased from 461.06 million at the end of 2006 to 747.21 million at the end of 2009, and in the first half of this year exceeded 800 million. At the same time, the Engel coefficient for urban households fell from 36.7 percent in 2005 to 36.5 percent in 2009, and for rural households from 45.5 percent in 2005 to 41.0 percent. All this shows that the quality of life of the general public is increasingly improving while their incomes continue to rise.
This year is the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" closing year, standing on a new historical starting point, we also need to soberly see that, despite the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period of China's economic and social development has achieved remarkable results, but constraints on the smooth operation of the economy of the contradictions remain Outstanding, especially in the transformation of the mode of economic development, there are still many structural problems, resources and environmental constraints are gradually increasing, the reform of income distribution mechanism is facing heavy resistance. Because of this, for the upcoming "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", we are full of deep expectations, but also with a strong responsibility.
On the road to building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, we still need to move forward.
In the road to building a prosperous society in all aspects, we still need to move forward.