China's earthquakes are mainly distributed in five regions: Taiwan, Southwest China, Northwest China, North China, Southeast China coastal region and 23 seismic zones.
China's seismic activity is mainly distributed in five regions on 23 seismic zones. These five regions are: ① Taiwan Province and its adjacent waters; ② Southwest region, mainly in Tibet, western Sichuan and west-central Yunnan; ③ Northwest region, mainly in Gansu Hexi Corridor, Qinghai, Ningxia, the north and south foothills of the Tianshan Mountains; ④ North China, mainly in the two sides of the Taihang Mountains, Fenwei Valley, Yinshan - Yanshan area, central Shandong and Bohai Bay; ⑤ Southeast coastal areas of Guangdong, Fujian and other places. China's Taiwan Province is located on the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt, Tibet, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and other provinces and regions are located on the Himalayan-Mediterranean Seismic Belt, and other provinces and regions are in related seismic belts. The distribution of China's seismic zone is an important basis for the development of China's key seismic surveillance and defense zones.
I. Earthquake Disaster Prevention and Self-Help Manual
Earthquake precursors
1. Groundwater anomalies.
Well water is a treasure, precursors come early.
Without rain, the water is muddy, and with drought, the well water is bubbling.
The water level changes a lot, and the water bubbles up.
Some change color, some change taste.
2. Animal anomalies: Animals have omens before earthquakes, and close monitoring is most important.
Mules, horses, cows and goats don't go into pens, ducks don't go into the water and dogs bark furiously.
The rats are moving out and the pigeons are not returning to their nests.
Snakes come out of their holes in the snow and ice, and fish jump out of the water in fear.
3. Ground light and ground sound: Ground light and ground sound are the light and sound from the ground or underground before or during an earthquake, and they are important for earthquake prediction.
Before an earthquake, in a flash, the ground sound rumbles and the ground light flashes.
Be decisive when a big earthquake is approaching and act quickly to avoid danger.
10 things to know about earthquakes
When an earthquake occurs, please follow the 10 things to know about earthquakes for the safety of yourself, your family, and others:
1. For the safety of yourself and your family, please take shelter under a table or other solid furniture
The shaking will last for about a minute. The first thing you should do is to take care of yourself and your family. First, take cover under a sturdy table with a low center of gravity, and hold on to the legs of the table. If there is no table to hide under, protect your head with a cushion or something else.
2. Turn off the fire when it shakes, and put out the fire when it breaks out
When there is a big earthquake, there are times when you can't rely on a fire truck to put out the fire. Therefore, this effort by each of us to turn off and extinguish fires is an important factor in minimizing earthquake damage. In order to prevent a fire from becoming a major disaster, it is extremely important that family members, not to mention neighbors, help each other and put out fires at an early stage.
There are three chances to turn off the fire during an earthquake:
The first chance: at the time of the small shaking before the big shaking. At the moment of sensing the small shaking, instantly greet each other, "Earthquake! Turn off the fire!" , turning off heating stoves, gas stoves, etc. that are in use.
Second chance: When the big shaking stops. If you try to turn off the fire when a large tremor occurs, it can be dangerous if a kettle on top of a gas stove or heater slides down. After the big shaking stops, call out again, "Turn off the fire! Turn off the fire!" , and go turn off the fire.
Third chance: after the fire. Even if a misfire occurs, it can still be extinguished within 1-2 minutes. To be able to extinguish the fire quickly, always place fire extinguishers and fire buckets close to the place where the fire is used.
3. Don't run outdoors in a panic
If you run outside in a panic after an earthquake, it is dangerous for broken glass, roof tiles and billboards to fall on you. In addition, prefabricated concrete walls, vending machines, etc. are also in danger of collapsing, so don't get close to these objects.
4. Open doors and secure exits
There have been cases where people have been locked in houses with reinforced concrete structures, etc., due to the shaking of earthquakes, which can cause doors and windows to become misaligned and fail to open, and there have been cases where people have been locked in the house. Please open the door to secure an exit. Usually, you should think in advance about how to escape in case you are locked in a house, and prepare ladders, ropes, and so on.
5. Outdoors, protect your head and avoid dangerous places
When the ground is shaking violently and you are unsteady, people are tempted to hold on to something. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the object of support. However, these seem to be quite strong and solid things, in fact, is dangerous.
The 1987 Miyagi Prefecture submarine earthquake killed and injured many people when prefabricated concrete walls and doorposts collapsed. Be sure to stay away from prefabricated concrete walls and gateposts.
The most dangerous thing to do in a busy street or building area is to be hurt by falling glass windows and billboards. Be careful to protect your head with your hands or handbag. In addition, you should also be aware of vending machines tipping over and injuring people. When you are in the building area, depending on the situation, it is safer to enter the building to take shelter.
6. Follow the instructions of the staff at department stores and theaters
The worst thing that can happen in a crowded place such as a department store or an underground shopping mall is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security personnel. In the case of an earthquake, underground streets are said to be safer. Even if there is a power outage, the emergency lights will come on immediately, so please act calmly. If there is a fire, it will immediately fill with smoke. Evacuate in a lowered position and do not smoke at all.
Do not use an elevator in the event of an earthquake or fire. In the event of an earthquake while riding in an elevator, press all the buttons for each floor on the operation panel, and when it stops, leave the elevator quickly and evacuate after confirming that it is safe. Elevators in high-rise buildings and recent buildings are equipped with devices to control operation. When an earthquake occurs, they will automatically stop at the nearest floor. If you are trapped in an elevator, contact the management office through the special phone in the elevator and ask for help.
7. Pull over to the side of the road and do not drive in controlled areas
When a major earthquake occurs, it is difficult to drive a car because you cannot get a grip on the steering wheel as if the tires have been deflated. It is important to be careful and avoid intersections and pull over to the side of the road. To avoid blocking the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, give way to the center of the road.
Most roads in the center of the city will be closed to traffic. Pay close attention to your car radio and follow the instructions of the police if they are nearby. If you need to evacuate, keep your car windows closed and your keys in the car, leave the doors unlocked, and stay with the locals so that you don't get caught in a fire.
8. Be aware of landslides, rockfalls and tsunamis
If you are on the side of a mountain or on a steep incline, there is a danger of landslides or rockfalls, so you should evacuate quickly to a safe place. At the coast, there is a danger of experiencing a tsunami. If you sense an earthquake or a tsunami warning, pay attention to your radio or TV and evacuate to a safe place
9. Evacuate on foot with a minimum of belongings
Evacuate in the event of a fire caused by an earthquake that spreads and burns, or if there is a danger to your life or personal safety. In principle, the evacuation method is to evacuate on foot under the guidance of the person in charge, police, etc., in a citizen's disaster prevention organization, street, etc., and to carry a minimum amount of belongings. You should never evacuate by car or bicycle. For evacuation of the sick, etc., the cooperation and mutual assistance of local residents is indispensable. As a rule, it is necessary to agree on the method of evacuation, etc. between neighbors beforehand.
10. Don't listen to rumors and don't act rashly
People tend to be psychologically shaken when a major earthquake occurs. To prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information. It is important to get the right information from the radio you have with you. Trust the information you receive directly from disaster prevention organizations such as government, police, and firefighters, and do not believe irresponsible gossip or act rashly.
Emergency evacuation
(1) The importance of emergency evacuation. Experience has shown that when a destructive earthquake occurs, there are ten or at most thirty seconds from the time when people notice the ground light and sound and feel a tremor to the time when houses are damaged and collapsed, forming a disaster. This very short period of time is called the warning time. People as long as they have certain knowledge, some prior preparation, and can keep a clear head before the earthquake, it is possible to seize this valuable time, successfully avoiding the quake out of danger.
Some people have investigated 974 survivors of the Tangshan earthquake and found that 258 of them had taken measures to avoid danger. Of these 258 people, 188 people were successfully out of danger, accounting for 72.9%. This shows that as long as the avoidance method is correct, the possibility of escape is very large.
(2) The principle of escape. When a destructive earthquake occurs suddenly, take shelter in the vicinity of the quake, the rapid evacuation of the method is a good way to emergency shelter. Of course, if you are in a cottage or a floor of a building, it is also feasible to run directly to a safe place outdoors. The record of the 1556 magnitude 8 earthquake in Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province, also summarizes that, "When you hear of a sudden change, you should not go out quickly, but stay calm and wait for a decision, and even if there is a nest to be overturned, you can hope that the egg will be intact." This means that when an earthquake occurs suddenly, you should not rush out, but hide for a while and wait for the earthquake to pass, and there is still hope for survival. This "to wait and determine" highly summarizes an important principle of emergency earthquake avoidance.
Why is it inappropriate to run away from an earthquake?
This is because:
-Nowadays, most of the city residents live in high-rise buildings, and there is no time to run to the outside of the building, which will cause casualties due to the crowding and trampling in the building.
- People are most likely to be killed or injured when they enter or leave a building during an earthquake.
-Houses shake violently during earthquakes, causing doors and windows to deform, and it is likely that they will not be able to open them and lose time to survive.
-When a major earthquake strikes, people are shaken and even thrown around in the room, making it difficult to stand and run.
In addition to the principle of "stay put", care should be taken not to lose sight of the other during an earthquake. The first thing you need to do in a short time is to try to save yourself; only if you can get out of danger can you save your loved ones or other beloved things.
(3) The local conditions, close to the earthquake. "Volt and wait to be determined", "Volt" where safer? Experience shows that:
a. If you are indoors, you should be close to the solid furniture, such as writing desks, sturdy beds, rural kang kang under the edge of the bed, but also to hide in the corners of the walls or pipelines, good integrity of the small span of the bathroom and the kitchen and so on. Be careful not to hide under the window of the outer wall, the elevator room, not to mention jumping, these are very dangerous.
b. If you are in the classroom, you should quickly hold your head, close your eyes, and squat under your respective desks under the command of the teacher. As soon as the earthquake stops, quickly and orderly evacuation, do not crowd when evacuating.
c. If you are in a theater, stadium or restaurant, you should quickly hold your head and lie down under the seat; you can also take shelter under the stage or music pool; the audience at the door can quickly run out of the door or inside the stadium.
d. If you are outside, try to stay away from narrow streets, tall buildings, tall chimneys, transformers, glass curtain wall buildings, viaducts, and venues with hazardous and flammable materials. After the earthquake stopped, in order to prevent the aftershock injury, do not easily run back to the non-collapsed building?
e. If you are in a department store, hide near the pillars or large merchandise, but try to avoid glass cabinets. When you are upstairs, look for opportunities to gradually move to the ground floor.
f. If you are in a factory workshop, crouch close to large machine tools and equipment, but be careful to leave dangerous places such as power, gas and fire sources.
g. If you are in a moving car, tram or train, you should hold on to the handrail to avoid falling and bumping, and be careful about luggage falling down and hurting people. Seats above the direction of the luggage, available arms against the front chair to protect the head and face; back to the direction of the luggage can be used to protect the back of the head with both hands, and raise the knees to protect the abdomen, tighten the body. After the earthquake, quickly get out of the car to the open space to transfer.
h. Wherever you take shelter, try to protect your head with quilts, pillows, school bags or other soft objects.
i. If an open fire is being used, quickly put it out.
(4) Correctly cope with special hazards during an earthquake. When encountering a gas leak, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel or wet clothes, do not use an open flame, do not switch on or off electrical appliances, and pay attention to preventing impacts between metal objects.
When encountering a fire, lie down on the ground, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, and crawl against the wind to a safe place.
When encountering a toxic gas leak, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel and run upwind.
Self-help and mutual aid after a major earthquake
(1) Self-help and mutual aid are of great significance. Self-help and mutual aid is the first basic form of assistance after a major earthquake. Most of the people who were buried during the earthquake survived by self-rescue and mutual rescue.
According to statistics, in the rescue and relief efforts after the Tangshan earthquake, the relationship between the rescue time and the survival rate was as follows:
Within half an hour, the survival rate was 95%
First day, the survival rate was 81%
Second day, the survival rate was 53%
Third day, the survival rate was 36.7%
Fourth day, the survival rate was 19%
Fifth day Survival rate 7.4%
The above figures show that in the process of life-saving, time is life, and the shorter the delay, the greater the hope of survival. Therefore, we should not wait and not rely on, as soon as possible as soon as possible to carry out self-rescue and mutual aid.
(2) Self-help principle. The earthquake was buried by the collapsed building, as long as the consciousness is awake, the body does not have a major trauma, should be determined to save the confidence, properly protect themselves, and actively implement self-help.
a. Try to cover your mouth, nose and head with a wet towel, clothing or other fabrics to prevent choking and suffocation, and to avoid further damage caused by the collapse of the building.
b. Try to move your hands and feet to remove the dust on your face and objects on your body.
c. Support heavy objects above the body with objects that can be moved around to avoid further collapse; expand the space for movement and maintain sufficient air.
d. When several people are buried at the same time, encourage each other, **** the same plan, unite and cooperate, and take action to escape if necessary.
e. Look for and avoid passageways, try to escape the danger, and move towards a safer and more spacious place with light.
f. If you are unable to get out of danger for a while, try to conserve your energy. If you can find substitutes and water, plan to use them sparingly and try to survive as long as possible while waiting to be rescued.
g. Save your strength and do not blindly call out for help. When it is very quiet around you, or when you hear someone active above (outside), use bricks, iron pipes, and other objects to knock on the wall and send a message to the outside world. When it is determined that someone not far away, then call for help.
(3) the principle of mutual rescue. Mutual rescue refers to people who have been out of danger and specialized rescue rescue personnel to rescue people buried in the rubble. In order to maximize the rescue of people in distress, the following principles should be followed:
a. First save the buried people more places, that is, "first more and then less".
b. First save the near buried people, that is, "first near after far".
c. Save those who can be easily rescued first, that is, "first easy and then difficult".
d. Rescue light and strong people first, and expand the rescue team, that is, "first light and then heavy".
e. If there are medical personnel buried under pressure, they should be rescued first, and the rescue force should be increased.
(4) Finding the buried person. The use of rescue dogs and the measurement of trace carbon dioxide gas can easily locate the person in distress. However, in order to save time, it is also possible to find the survivors who have been crushed and buried in an easy way.
One is to ask the survivors who know about the situation to find out what people lived in which buildings, whether they were out during the earthquake, and what their living habits were, so as to look for reliable clues from them.
The second is to see, to observe the situation of the debris superposition, especially live in some parts of whether there is room for survival; but also to observe the debris there is no trace of people crawling or blood.
Third is to listen, listen to the survivors of the movement. Listening to the method is: to lie down and listen to the ear; the use of quiet at night to listen to; while knocking (or whistling) while listening. Sometimes you knock and he also knock, inside and outside the connection.
The fourth is to analyze, analyze the original structure of the collapsed building, use, materials, levels, collapse conditions, to determine the survival of the buried people.
(5) Scientific excavation. Excavation should pay attention to the protection of the support, to remove the buried obstruction, to ensure the survival of the buried people space. In the use of excavation machinery to be very careful, the closer to the buried person, the more should be more manual operation.
a. No lifting tools can not be rescued, you can send liquid food to maintain life, and make a good mark, waiting for assistance, do not be brutal.
b. Rescue, should first determine the location of the head of the buried person, with the fastest speed to make the head fully exposed, and remove the mouth, nasal cavity of the ash, to maintain breathing. Then expose the chest and abdominal cavity, and if there is asphyxia, artificial respiration should be carried out immediately.
c. To properly strengthen the support above the buried person, to prevent the rescue process above the heavy new collapse.
d. When the buried person can't come out by himself, he should be carefully asked and observed to determine the injury; don't pull hard to prevent new injury.
e. For people with spinal injuries, avoid aggravating the injury when digging. When transferring and carrying, you can't hold up and walk, you can't use a soft stretcher, and you can't use one person to hold the chest and one person to lift the legs. It is best for three or four people to support the injured person's head, back, buttocks, legs, and flat on a hard stretcher or door board, and carry it after fixing it with a cloth belt.
f. In case of limb fracture, joint injury of the compression of the buried person, should be on the ground, with sticks, branches, cardboard, etc. to implement splinting. The end of the injured limb should be exposed during immobilization in order to observe blood circulation.
g. When transporting a casualty with respiratory distress, the prone position should be used and the head should be turned to the side to avoid asphyxiation.
Sanitary and epidemic prevention
(1) The importance of proper sanitary and epidemic prevention. After the earthquake, due to the collapse of a large number of houses, sewerage blockage, resulting in garbage everywhere, sewage overflow; coupled with the corpses of livestock and poultry rotting and becoming smelly, it is very easy to cause some infectious diseases and the rapid spread. Historically, there is the saying that "there will be a big epidemic after a big disaster". Therefore, in the post-earthquake relief work, seriously improve the health epidemic prevention is very important.
(2) good "disease enters by the mouth" off. Summer and fall season, dysentery, enteritis, hepatitis, typhoid fever and other infectious diseases are prone to occur and epidemic. The most important measure to prevent intestinal infectious diseases is to improve water hygiene, food hygiene, good management of garbage and feces.
a. Drinking water sources should be protected by specialized personnel, and wells should be emptied and disinfected. When drinking water, it is better to purify and sterilize it first; conditions should be created to drink boiled water.
b. It is important to improve food hygiene. Specialists should be assigned to supervise the storage, transportation and distribution of relief food; relief food and excavated food should be tested and qualified before consumption. The inspection and supervision of the canteens of the authorities and the business catering establishments should be strengthened, and the prevention of flies and the disinfection of tableware should be urged to be done.
c. Manage toilets and garbage. After the earthquake due to the collapse of the toilet, people urinate and defecate without a fixed place; garbage and debris can not be distinguished, mosquitoes and flies breeding serious. Therefore, after the earthquake, there should be a plan to build simple fly-proof toilets, a fixed place to pile up the garbage, and organize a cleaning team to clean up on time, and transported to a designated place for unified treatment.
(3) eliminate mosquitoes and flies. Mosquitoes and flies are transmitters of infectious diseases such as encephalitis B and dysentery. Elimination of mosquitoes and flies, not only to a wide range of spraying drugs, but also the use of automobiles in the street spraying, spraying indoors with a sprayer, do not leave the mosquitoes and flies breeding places.
In areas where malaria occurs, special attention should be paid to mosquito control. Sleep at night to prevent mosquito bites. If you notice a sudden onset of high fever, headache, vomiting, or stiff neck, think of encephalitis and see a doctor.
(4) Maintain good hygiene habits. Every citizen in the earthquake-stricken areas should strive to maintain optimism, pay attention to health and strengthen physical exercise during the earthquake relief period. Clothes should be increased or decreased at any time according to changes in the climate, and attention should be paid to preventing cold and warmth, and preventing respiratory infectious diseases such as colds, bronchitis and influenza. The elderly and children should pay special attention to preventing pneumonia. In winter, we should pay attention to the head and hands, feet warmth, to prevent frostbite; summer to prepare some cool water, eat some salty food, supplement the body due to a large number of sweating and loss of salt and water, to prevent heat stroke.
How to help buried people?
(1) pay attention to listen to the trapped people's shouts, groans, knocking;
(2) according to the structure of the house, to determine the location of the trapped people first, and then rescue, in order to prevent accidental injury or death;
(3) first rescue survivors in the rubble at the edges of the building, and timely rescue of those survivors who can be easily rescued, in order to expand the mutual rescue team;
(4) Rescue needs to be methodical. The head should be exposed first. Rapidly remove the dust in the mouth and nose to prevent asphyxiation, and then rescue, not to dig with a sharp instrument;
(5) for the survivors buried in the waste of a longer time, first of all should be transported to drink, and then digging and supporting, pay attention to protect the survivor's eyes;
(6) for cervical and lumbar injuries, the rescue should not be raw pulling and hard lifting;
(7) for those who critically injured who are still alive, they should be treated at the scene as much as possible, and then quickly sent to hospitals and medical points.
What to do after an earthquake?
1. Stay calm and proceed calmly to analyze your specific situation.
2. Help the injured and give first aid if necessary. Cover the injured with felt to keep them warm and help those who need medicine to find it.
3. Check for fires and put them out immediately if possible.
4. Check for damage to utility company stock and equipment. Use your sense of smell to check for gas; never use matches or candles to do so. If you find a gas leak, turn off the gas valve immediately; if the power line is broken, turn off the electric switch. If a break occurs in the water main, turn off the main valve. Report the damage to the public **** utility company when appropriate and follow their instructions.
5. Do not strike a match or use an unshrouded flame, or turn on lights and electrically powered devices until you are certain that the gas is leaking.
6. Do not touch power lines or objects connected to them.
7. Do not use the telephone except to call for help or to report serious emergencies (medical, fire, crime) or to perform necessary duties, so as not to block a busy telephone line and interfere with urgent duties. It is inappropriate to use the telephone for personal reasons or to satisfy curiosity (wait until the emergency is completely resolved before contacting your family and friends to let them know you are safe and where you are).
8. There is no need to go sightseeing or shopping. Unless you are needed for rescue, don't visit disaster areas or go to coastal areas where tsunamis may occur.
9. Do not resume normal use of toilets until you are sure that the sewage pipes are actually undamaged.
10. Wear sturdy shoes to protect yourself from broken glass and other sharp debris.
11. Remove dangerous, loose objects (e.g., chemicals, gasoline, etc.) and tell others.
12. Listen to radio broadcasts about earthquakes and disasters.
13. Be prepared for aftershocks. Aftershocks tend to re-damage buildings that have been damaged by the main quake.
14. Be especially careful when entering, leaving or moving around damaged buildings, as they may collapse at any time. At the same time, there may be hazards from leaking gas, electrical wiring or broken glass.
15. If there is a power outage, eat perishable food from the refrigerator before eating canned and dry food. If you are in a hurry to cook something, use a lightweight stove and grill.
How to avoid earthquakes in the wild
1. Avoid hazardous environments on the side of a mountain Avoid foothills and steep cliffs to prevent landslides, rollers, mudslides, etc.;
2. Avoid steep slopes and cliffs to prevent ground cracks and landslides.
3. Avoid landslides and mudslides: In the event of a landslide, run in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the rolling stone, but not downhill in the direction of the rolling stone; you can also hide under sturdy obstacles, or crouch in a ditch, under the can; in particular, you must protect your head.
How to avoid an earthquake outdoors?
1. Choose an open area to avoid an earthquake: crouch or lie down to avoid falling; don't run around, avoid crowded places; protect your head with a bag; don't just go back indoors.
2. Avoid tall buildings or structures: buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls; above and below street bridges and overpasses; under tall chimneys and water towers.
3. Avoid dangerous, towering or hanging objects: transformers, utility poles, street lamps, etc.; billboards, cranes, etc.
Public **** place how to avoid the earthquake?
1. Listen to the direction of the site staff, do not panic, do not crowd to the exit, to avoid the flow of people, to avoid being squeezed into the walls or fences.
2. In theaters and gymnasiums: crouch down on the spot or lie down under the rows of chairs; pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and fans; protect your head with a school bag, etc.; after the earthquake passes, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner.
3. In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, subways, etc.: choose sturdy counters, commodities (such as low furniture, etc.) or the side of the columns, as well as the corners of the interior walls, etc. crouch down on the spot and protect your head with your hands or something else; avoid glass doors, windows, glass windows, or counters; avoid shelves that are tall, unstable, or displaying heavy or breakable goods; avoid billboards, chandeliers, and other hanging objects that are towering after the earthquake.
4. In a moving car: hold on to the handrail to avoid falling or getting hurt; lower your center of gravity and hide near your seat; and get out of the car after the earthquake passes.
What to do if you are crushed?
1. After the earthquake, aftershocks will continue to occur, and your environment may further deteriorate. You should try to improve the environment you are in, stabilize yourself, and try to get out of danger.
2. Try to avoid collapsing objects, hanging objects or other hazards that are not sturdy above your body;
3. Move away movable debris such as broken bricks and tiles around you to expand your space for activities. Note that when you can not move, do not force, to prevent further collapse of the surrounding debris;
4. Try to use masonry, sticks and other support for the wreckage of the wall, in order to prevent the aftershock when buried again;
5. Do not casually use indoor facilities, including power, water, etc., and do not use open flames; smell the gas and poisonous odors after the dust is too large, and try to cover the mouth and nose with wet clothing;
5. Do not move indoor facilities, including power, water, etc., and do not use open fire; smell gas and toxic odors after too large, try to use wet clothing to cover the mouth and nose;
6. p>6. Don't scream, keep your strength, and use knocking sounds to call for help.
What should I do if I encounter special danger during an earthquake?
1. In case of gas leakage: cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, never use open flame, and try to move after the earthquake.
2. In case of fire: Lie down on the ground and cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel. Transfer to a safe place after the earthquake stops, creeping, against the wind.
3. Gas leaks: chemical plant fire, gas leaks, do not run to the wind direction, try to go around to the upwind direction, and try to use a wet towel to cover the mouth and nose.
4. should pay attention to avoid dangerous places: production of dangerous goods factory; dangerous goods, flammable, explosive goods warehouse.
How to live in a special environment after a disaster?
1. Pay attention to diet and personal hygiene.
2. Build and live in earthquake-proof shed to pay attention to fire
3. Actively involved in the recovery and reconstruction work.
4. Take preventive medicines as required to strengthen the body's resistance and prevent epidemics and diseases.
Earthquake Emergency Knowledge
1. Don't be in a hurry when a big earthquake occurs. Destructive earthquakes from people feel the vibration to the building was destroyed in an average of only 12 seconds, in this short period of time you should be based on the environment quickly make choices to protect the safety. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run to the door. If you live in a building, do not jump off the building, you should immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, temporary shelter to the bathroom and other small span of the place, or tables, beds, etc., below the quake, and then quickly evacuate, in order to prevent a strong aftershock.
2. Find a place to hide in a crowded room. Schools, stores, theaters and other places where people gather if the earthquake, the most avoid panic, should immediately hide in desks, chairs or under solid objects, and then evacuate in an orderly manner after the earthquake.
3. Stay away from the danger zone. If you encounter an earthquake in the street, you should protect your head with your hands and quickly move away from the building to the center of the street. If the earthquake in the countryside, pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, riverbanks and high-voltage lines. Are traveling cars and trains to stop immediately.
4. Be buried to save your strength. If you are buried in the rubble after the earthquake, try to stay calm and try to save yourself. If you can't get out of danger, save your strength, try to find water and food, create conditions for survival, and wait patiently for rescue.
5. Keep your cell phone and sufficient batteries with you
Home earthquake preparedness guide
1. Prepare food and beverages in accordance with the requirements of the earthquake preparedness of the go-vern-ment or relevant authorities.
2. Check and promptly eliminate potential hazards in your home that are not conducive to earthquake prevention, and reinforce your home.
3. Inspect and reinforce your housing
4. See what your home's housing looks like and whether there are any unfavorable earthquake-proof places. Get a feel for the surroundings.
5. Is the housing built with good quality? Is it in disrepair? Houses that are not favorable for earthquake resistance should be reinforced, and dangerous houses that should not be reinforced should be evacuated.
6. Is the structure of the house favorable for earthquake resistance? Daughter walls, high facades and other bulky decorations should be removed.
7. Reasonable placement of furniture and belongings
8. Remove or fix hanging objects on the wall to prevent them from falling and hurting people.
9. Put flammable, explosive and toxic substances in a safe place.
10. Clean up clutter and keep doorways and hallways clear.
11. Balcony parapets to be cleaned, flower pots debris take down.
12. Fixed tall furniture to prevent tipping over and hit people; furniture items placed to do "heavy under the light on the".
13. Firm furniture under the vacant, in order to prepare for the earthquake when hiding.
14. Reinforcement of beds
15. Preparation of the necessary earthquake-proof items
16. Preparation of a family earthquake-proof bag, placed in easy access
17. A family earthquake-proofing exercise
18. Practice "one-minute emergency shelter".
19. Practice emergency evacuation.
Earthquake avoidance
1. Whether to run or hide during an earthquake, most experts in China believe that it is a better way to avoid earthquakes in case of emergency to avoid the vicinity of the earthquake and evacuate to a safe place quickly after the earthquake. Should choose indoor strong, can cover the body of the object under (beside), easy to form a triangular space, small openings, there is support for the place, outdoor open, safe place.
2. The body should take the posture: ambush and stay fixed, crouch or sit down, try to curl up the body, lower the center of gravity.
3. Grab a firm object such as a table leg.
4. Protect your head and neck, eyes, and cover your mouth and nose.
5. Avoid crowds, don't crowd and don't light up, because there are flammable and explosive gases in the air.
How to face earthquakes
1. First of all, we should always pay attention to learning about earthquakes and mastering the scientific emergency response to earthquakes;
2. The near quake often starts with up and down bumps, followed by swaying left and right; the far quake is dominated by swaying left and right, and the sound vibration is small. General small quake and far quake do not have to flee, under normal circumstances, it will not pose much threat to personal safety;
3. Do not jump from the building, the better emergency approach is to hide nearby, standby for the opportunity to quickly and orderly evacuation to a safe area, in order to prevent the collapse of the building caused by a greater disaster. When hiding can hide in the indoor table below, or water room, pipe more places, do not hide under the bunk bed. Crouch down to lower your center of gravity. To avoid weak parts of the wall, such as near doors and windows.