Graduation thesis of mechatronics I
With the development of economy, electromechanical integration technology has developed rapidly, and the application and development of electromechanical integration in construction machinery has also promoted the continuous progress of construction machinery.
In this paper, electromechanical integration technology and its application and development in construction machinery are analyzed and studied.
Keywords: application and development of electromechanical integration technology of construction machinery
introduce
The rapid development of science and technology and emerging technologies has greatly promoted the mutual penetration and integration between disciplines, and also promoted innovation and change in the field of engineering construction.
At present, mechatronics has gradually become an independent technology, which has been applied to different degrees in all walks of life.
In particular, the development of science and technology has greatly promoted the progress and innovation of mechatronics, which has been well applied in construction machinery.
Actively adopt electromechanical integration, effectively combine mechanical, electronic and hydraulic technologies, and greatly improve various functions of machinery.
For example, the power performance is improved, the economic benefit of fuel is improved, the safety and reliability are greatly increased, the accuracy and comfort of operation are greatly improved, and the service life of machinery is also prolonged.
Therefore, it is of great significance to study the application and development of electromechanical integration of construction machinery.
I. Overview of mechatronics technology
Mechatronics is the comprehensive use of machinery, computer, microelectronics, power electronics, optics, interfaces and other technologies to rationally configure various functions, so as to achieve high-quality, multi-functional and low-energy-consumption values and functions.
Mechatronics, also known as mechatronics, belongs to a new frontier comprehensive science. Mechatronics combines mechanical technology, electrical and electronic technology, microelectronics technology, information technology, control technology and
Precision machinery technology is a comprehensive technology that is organically combined and comprehensively applied to practice.
Mainly through the application of microelectronics technology, microelectronics technology is introduced into related power function, mechanical main function, control function and so on. In terms of software, mechanical equipment and electronic equipment can be organically combined to form an effective system.
With the development of science and technology, mechatronics technology has also developed rapidly and is in constant innovation and progress.
Electromechanical integration technology is gradually moving towards the trend of high intelligence, miniaturization, networking, personalization and greening.
The application of mechatronics technology in construction machinery can obviously improve various performances, such as operating comfort; The energy consumption of mechanical energy is effectively greatly reduced, and the mechanical efficiency is obviously improved.
Reliability is constantly improving; Continuously improve the corresponding operation accuracy and efficiency.
Second, the application of mechatronics technology in construction machinery
Electromechanical integration technology has broad development prospects and high application value, especially in construction machinery, which is more widely and effectively used. The application of mechatronics technology in construction machinery is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
1. Application of mechatronics technology in improving production efficiency, saving energy and reducing consumption of construction machinery.
In traditional construction machinery, the full utilization rate and utilization rate of energy are relatively low.
For example, the full fuel utilization rate of hydraulic excavators only accounts for 30%, and the remaining 70% of energy is wasted.
In today's energy shortage, the development of mechanical engineering must be oriented to? Saving energy and reducing consumption? The direction of development.
For example, the excavator produced by Komatsu Company can achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction, and can save about 23% of fuel. The main reason is the adoption of a new control economizer.
Hitachi excavator adopted? Carter electronic efficiency? The energy-saving control system greatly improves the utilization rate by comprehensively controlling the pump and engine, and its energy utilization rate can reach about 98%, and the productivity is also greatly improved accordingly.
Therefore, the application of electronic energy-saving controller in construction machinery greatly improves the energy utilization rate of large-scale construction machinery and equipment such as excavators, and plays an energy-saving role to a certain extent.
The operation of electronic energy-saving controller is relatively simple, the wear on machinery is relatively reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.
2. It is used in fully automatic and semi-automatic operation.
Construction machinery can completely achieve the level of automation and semi-automation, which can effectively reduce the labor intensity of operators, effectively improve production efficiency, and greatly reduce the impact on operation accuracy caused by the lack of experience or technology of operators.
For example, the excavator designed and produced by Mitsubishi has the function of controlling the excavator trajectory system. After the relevant operators set the motion shape and trajectory of the bucket on the control panel,
The corresponding microcomputer operating system will automatically control the action of the boom, bucket and bucket according to the signals sent by sensors at different angles, so as to realize the accurate excavation of grooves, holes and slopes with various specific sections and effectively realize the automation level of excavation work.
3. Application in diesel engine control.
In order to further develop diesel engine technology, the contradiction between engine emission quality and minimum fuel consumption should be solved.
With the rapid development of electronic technology today, the use of electronic energy-saving hydraulic pump system can effectively reduce energy consumption, and can also automatically control the speed of air cooler with the change of temperature. In this case, the electronic control can automatically change the speed.
It also includes automatically adjusting the throttle of the diesel engine according to the load condition, which can make the diesel engine meet the optimal injection time of economic indicators and emission indicators under various off-design conditions, and purify the exhaust gas at the same time, saving energy and increasing efficiency.
4. Automation of mechanical operation can reduce labor intensity.
The introduction of mechatronics in the construction of construction machinery can realize automation or semi-automation, which greatly reduces the labor intensity, improves the work efficiency, and greatly reduces the influence on the operation accuracy due to the lack of work experience of operators.
5. The application of engineering operation precision.
Using electronic control system in construction machinery and equipment can automate the weighing process, realize microcomputer control of the weighing system and make the weighing more accurate.
The application of automatic leveling device greatly improves the working efficiency and construction quality of concrete asphalt paver.
The application of automatic feeding system (ultrasonic technology) perfectly completes the automatic adjustment of the feeding of concrete asphalt paver, and comprehensively improves the paving effect and quality.
At the same time, the electronic operation control of scraper, grader scraper and bulldozer blade reduces errors, improves work efficiency, saves manpower and reduces the work intensity of construction workers, which is efficient and fast, and meets the requirements of modern engineering construction.
6. Electronic monitoring, fault self-diagnosis and automatic alarm
Electronic monitoring, fault self-diagnosis, automatic alarm, that is to say, the working device, transmission system, engine, hydraulic system and braking system of construction machinery are comprehensively monitored, and once an abnormal situation occurs during operation, the fault position will be automatically found and an alarm prompt will be automatically given.
The development and application of mechatronics have greatly improved the actual working conditions of operators and comprehensively improved the working efficiency of mechanical equipment.
At the same time, it simplifies the inspection and maintenance of mechanical equipment, correspondingly reduces the maintenance cost and greatly reduces the downtime of maintenance, which is of great significance to improve the service life of mechanical equipment.
Third, the development of electromechanical integration technology of construction machinery
1, sensor technology fusion
At present, sensor technology is widely used in modern construction machinery, such as engine oil pressure.
Force sensor, cooling water temperature sensor, etc. Detecting and controlling the running state of the engine;
The sensors on the asphalt paver can realize the characteristics of automatic leveling and constant walking speed when the paver works, and can also meet the requirements of paving the pavement with predetermined flatness, slope and thickness.
Today, with the rapid development of sensor technology, the accuracy requirements are getting higher and higher, the reliability and stability are constantly improving, and a wider range of information collection is developing towards integration, multifunction and intelligence. Therefore, more and more sensors will be applied to construction machinery in the future.
2. The electromechanical integration of construction machinery tends to the application of computer and information processing technology.
Computer is the main body to realize information processing, and information processing technology includes a wide range of applications, mainly including
Information input, identification, operation, conversion, storage and output, etc.
The scope of computer technology involves network and communication technology, software and hardware technology, database technology and so on.
In order to continuously develop the electromechanical integration technology of construction machinery, computer application and information processing technology should be vigorously developed.
3. Enhance the guidance of electronic control theory.
The important symbol of the modernization of construction machinery is the high-tech with microelectronics as the core. Through its application and promotion, under the guidance of relevant control theory, it can meet the requirements of intelligent system design and complete the system simulation after relevant design.
Concluding remarks
To sum up, the application and development of mechatronics in construction machinery is the inevitable trend of the development of machinery industry at present, and it is also the only way to revitalize and develop machinery industry.
With the continuous development of science and technology, the electromechanical integration of construction machinery will have more innovation and development. The application of electromechanical integration technology in future construction machinery will integrate the comprehensive performance of machinery, electricity, light and magnetism, and better promote the development of construction machinery.
References:
[1] Zhang Bin. Application and development of mechatronics technology in modern construction machinery [J]. Modern commercial trade industry, 2012,05:180.
[2] Ning Shen, Li Guoming. Development of mechatronics technology and its application in construction machinery [J]. Enterprise Technology Development, 20 12, 32:90-9 1.
[3] Lychnophora glauca. Application of mechatronics technology in construction machinery [J]. Guide to getting rich through science and technology, 20 10/0,30: 206-207.
Leng Jun. Application of mechatronics in construction machinery [J]. Science and Technology Information, 2009(07).
Graduation thesis of mechatronics II
Abstract: In order to ensure the safe operation of power system, domestic large-scale units are controlled by electro-hydraulic regulation system to realize the functions of speed regulation, synchronous grid connection and load control.
Taking the steam turbine produced by Shanghai Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. for 300MW units in power plants as an example, this paper introduces its system structure, debugging points and realization functions.
Key words: 300MW unit; Electro-hydraulic regulating system; Control; Commissioning test/debugging
In recent years, 300MW units have been widely used in China.
In order to ensure the safe operation of power system, electro-hydraulic control system is adopted for large domestic units to realize speed control, synchronous grid connection, load control and other functions.
The adaptability and flexibility of the system are changed, the control ability and effect are improved, and the automation level of the generator set is greatly improved [1].
Taking the steam turbine produced by Shanghai Steam Turbine Co., Ltd. for 300MW units in power plants as an example, this paper introduces its system structure, debugging points and realization functions.
1, system introduction
The thermal control system of power plant adopts Symphony system provided by Shanghai Xinhua Control Engineering Co., Ltd., which is a set of products integrating computer, automatic control technology, database and network.
It has independent distributed control system, monitoring technology, data acquisition system and control system, which can meet the needs of information management and process control in various production fields.
The system adopts reasonable software and hardware function configuration and modular design, and has the ability of easy expansion, integrating off-line and on-line debugging, convenient debugging and modification, and the control of equipment is relatively opposite.
It consists of high-speed data network, DPU and man-machine interface station connected to the network. In the open system structure, redundant TCP/IP network nodes are designed in different types of stations.
Among them, the functional modules of the steam turbine system constitute a process control unit, including three functions: basic control of steam turbine, overspeed protection and self-start and stop of steam turbine, which are completed by three redundant functional controllers and corresponding functional sub-modules.
Its hardware configuration diagram is as follows:
Figure 1 Hardware Configuration of Steam Turbine
The operator station of steam turbine electro-hydraulic regulating system is a man-machine system based on WindowsNT(2000) environment, which has the characteristics of friendly interface and convenient operation.
* * * Settings 1 1 screen includes general appearance, trend, bar chart, operation panel, alarm information, etc. , to provide convenient operation means for operators, and to test the operation of the steam turbine through the monitoring screen.
2. Control function
The control function of the electro-hydraulic regulating system of the steam turbine is realized by three pairs of redundant BRCl00 controllers, which mainly controls the speed and power of the steam turbine, and is realized by GV, TV, RSV and IV, and also has the protection logic to prevent the steam turbine from overspeed.
The main functions include overspeed protection, basic control and self-start-stop. These three parts are independent of each other and exchange control information through the control bus.
2. 1 overspeed protection
The functions of this part are mainly over-protection logic, DEH trip logic and overspeed test selection logic, providing two-out-of-three switching state and turbine automatic shutdown and brake-hanging state, controlling OPC solenoid valve, summarizing DEH trip signal and sending it to ETS through wiring [2].
It can effectively prevent the turbine speed from rising rapidly and keep the speed at 3000r/min.
The overspeed test must be carried out at a constant speed of 3000 rpm greater than 2950 rpm, and the oil switch is not turned off.
2.2 Basic control part
The basic control part is the core of the electro-hydraulic regulating system of steam turbine, which provides control logic, regulating circuit,
Through a pair of redundant BRC 100, all servo valve interfaces and closed-loop PID regulators are realized.