I. Civil construction: refers to the general term for people to live and public **** activities of the building. Civil buildings can be divided into residential buildings and public **** building two categories according to the use of function. People's Air Defense Law of the People's Republic of China, "civil buildings", refers to residential, hotels, guest houses, stores, colleges and universities and office buildings, scientific research, medical buildings, etc., must be built in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state can be used in wartime air defense basement. Here said "civil buildings" is different from "military buildings" and productive industrial buildings.
Civilian buildings refers to the nature of the unit, regardless of the scale of investment and investment sources of residential buildings and public **** building. Including: residential and its ancillary facilities, guest house, guest house; school buildings and their ancillary facilities; medical buildings and their ancillary facilities; office buildings, scientific research buildings, the non-production part of the building; stores; cultural centers, cinema (theater), stadiums (stadiums), libraries, exhibition halls, sports and physical activity centers, station waiting room, dock waiting room, airport terminal, commercial warehouses, civil garages, and other buildings prescribed by laws and regulations, and so on. and other laws and regulations of the building, etc.
Two, industrial buildings are engaged in various types of industrial production and direct production services for the housing, generally known as factory buildings. Industrial building production process is complex and varied, in the design with, use requirements, indoor lighting, roof drainage and building construction, etc., has the following characteristics:
(1) the architectural design of the plant is in the process designers proposed on the basis of the process design drawings, architectural design should be adapted to the requirements of the production process in the first place;
(2) the plant in the production of equipment, large volume, the various parts of production are closely linked, and there is a production process;
(2) the production equipment in the plant, large volume, and the production of the building, and the production of the building. The production of various parts of the close contact, and a variety of lifting and transportation equipment passes, the plant should have a large internal spacious space;
(3) plant width is generally larger, or on the multi-span plant, in order to meet the indoor, the need to ventilate, the roof is often equipped with a skylight;
(4) plant waterproofing, drainage structure is complex, especially multi-span plant;
(5) a single-storey Plant, due to the large span, the roof and crane load is heavier, more reinforced concrete frame structure load-bearing; in the multi-storey plant, due to the larger load, widely used steel skeleton structure load-bearing; especially tall plant or high seismic intensity of the plant should be used in the region of steel skeleton load-bearing;
(6) plant more prefabricated components assembled, a variety of equipment and piping installation and construction complexity.
Civilian buildings are multi-functional and widely used, and civil buildings are much more complex than industrial buildings.