First, the strategic decision-making, the Argentine side in the early stage of the initiative, but misjudged the British will not be able to labor, and at the same time overestimated their own national feelings and military strength. Its decision-making was based on wishful thinking. Although the United Kingdom in the initial hasty response to the war, but the response fast, decision-making accurate, objective and sober estimate of the situation, to take a decisive and positive strategic approach to the military struggle, and political, diplomatic, economic multi-pronged, fully mobilized the international and domestic conditions, to play the overall advantage, and ultimately to victory.
Secondly, in the deployment of troops, the Albanian army misjudged the international situation, the attempts of the British army, and the strategic direction. After the British troops, that the British will attack the Argentine mainland, a large number of troops for the defense of the mainland; the existence of territorial disputes in the neighboring country of Chile is wary, deployed a large number of elite armored units in the border; in the battle area of the Isle of Man, close to the mainland of the West Island did not make full use of the deployment of the troops accounted for 3% of the troops involved in the war; in the East Island, the main force will be concentrated in the vicinity of the port of Stanley, and the rest of the area scattered to guard, did not have adequate control over the mobility of troops, giving the British forces a chance to win. The British were able to take advantage of the situation by concentrating their forces near Port Stanley and dispersing them in other areas.
Thirdly, in terms of tactical guidance, the Arabs were negative in their thinking and dull in their tactics, and they did not use their most powerful air force to attack the British logistic ships, which had the weakest but most important defense capability, and this was the biggest mistake of all. It is extremely rare in the history of war for a defending side not to attack the long and vulnerable supply lines of the attacking side. The British army's strategic guiding ideology is correct, tactical flexibility and diversity, good at seizing the key links, and strive for the initiative. Such as the first capture of the South Island, not only to boost morale, but also gained a foothold and forward base, two birds with one stone. Another example is the sinking of a cruiser in one fell swoop, which greatly shook the Arabs, forcing their navy to shy away from the battle.
Fourth, in the command system, Argentina's Joint Command has a name but no reality, can not assume the role of strategic command and coordination, the upper leadership group, including President Galtieri, senior generals have no combat experience, lack of command quality. The theater commanders, Lieutenant General Osvaldo Garcia, General Juan Lombardo and Brigadier General Menendez, were mediocre and inactive, neither seriously organizing preparations to resist the landings, nor were they tenacious in their operational command, and in many places they easily gave up without a fight. Britain set up a wartime cabinet as the supreme commanding authority to centralize the command and dispatch of all branches of the army and all branches of the government to make them coherent and coordinated. It also adopted the delegated command method, whereby the responsibility of commanding the war zone was fully delegated to the front-line commanders, and important actions outside the war zone and related to the course of the war were decided by the wartime cabinet. This both highly centralized and extremely flexible command system, so that the British army gave full play to the overall power of the various branches of the joint operations. The commanders of the British army, Major General Woodward and Brigadier General Moore, were both highly qualified and experienced military leaders.
Fifth, in the preparation for war, although Argentina has the determination to seize the island, but no long-term spiritual and material preparations to hold on to the island, put in the island of insufficient troops, the shape is not advantageous, coupled with Argentina does not have its own defense industry, usually on the important strategic materials and no need to stockpile, when the U.S. and the European **** body to implement the arms embargo on the aircraft, missiles can not be replenished after the depletion of the plight of the bullet out of aid, direct and indirectly, the United States and the European Union, the United States of America and the United States of America. The plight of the exhausted bombs and missiles directly led to the obvious weakening of the Argentine Air Force in the later stages of the attack. In addition, the AF was usually poorly prepared, which affected the performance of their own combat power, especially due to the AF's malfunctioning or expired bomb fuzes, so that 40% of the bombs dropped did not explode. The British army thought that if all the bombs dropped by the Albanian army exploded, the loss of the British army would reach an unsustainable level. The British army had a high degree of readiness, with 60% of its ships ready for action and a good stock of supplies. Its army was a well-trained standing army, often practiced in various climates and terrains, and could be quickly put into the war. In particular, 8 0 % of the British army's logistical ships were requisitioned from civilian ships, so there was only a special requisitioning plan and refitting program for civilian ships, and the requisitioning and refitting was completed in two or three days, showing amazingly high efficiency.
Sixth, in the logistical support, the Arab side in the occupation of the island of Maldives did not seriously organize the logistics, first of all, did not build the necessary size of the airfield in the island of Maldives, so that the Arab aircraft can only be far away from the war zone of the mainland take-off, due to the limitations of the radius of operation greatly affects the effectiveness of the operation. Secondly, there was no sufficient stockpile of supplies on the Isle of Man, which, coupled with the depletion after the war and the blockade by the British, made the supply of the Arab army a fatal problem. Troops lacked food and clothing, and ammunition was scarce, so they were unable to fight at all. On the contrary, far from the mainland of the British army logistics support is very outstanding, has established in Ascension Island, a midway supply base, in South Georgia Island to establish a forward supply base, in San Carlos to establish a beachhead supply base, the use of modern means of air and sea transport, through the organization of a comprehensive scientific plan, the troops to carry out a steady supply, to ensure that the British army each soldier can have two meals a day, there are newly issued warm clothing, ammunition, sufficient, there are four medical ships, and the British army has no food, no ammunition, and there is no ammunition. Adequate, there are also four medical ships to provide medical and health protection. In terms of communication security, in addition to utilizing the communication satellites of the United States, 2 6 radio transmitters were opened in Gibraltar, Ascension Island, Canada, New Zealand, etc. In addition to the electronic equipment of the Task Force itself, the British Army was also able to provide the British Army with the latest information. This, together with the fact that the task force itself was well equipped with electronic equipment, had a strong jamming and anti-jamming capability. It makes the fleet's communication with the mainland smooth.
These circumstances show that Argentina in a serious lack of preparation, rashly launched the war, there is no reason not to lose.
Overview of the war:
The Anglo-Argentine Battle of the Isle of Man, which lasted 74 days, from April 2 to June 14, 1982, was the first modernized war of the twentieth century, an undeclared war known to diplomats as the Armed Conflict and to military men as the Isle of Man War.
The Malvinas Islands (hereinafter referred to as "the Isle of Man") are located in the South Atlantic Ocean, in the sea between 5 7 ° 4 0 ' W longitude in the east, 6 2 ° W longitude in the west, 5 3 ° S latitude in the south, and 5 2 ° 1 5 ' S latitude in the north. The archipelago consists of 3,466 islands and cays, with a total area of 1,580,000 square kilometers, of which fifteen are permanently inhabited, the main ones being Soledad (i.e., East Falkland, hereinafter referred to as the East Island), and the Great Malvinas (i.e., West Falkland, hereinafter referred to as the West Island), and with a total population of about 2,000 people, the vast majority of whom are descended from the British immigrants. The capital is Port Stanley (i.e. Port of Argentina). South Georgia is a subsidiary island of the Isle of Man, (hereinafter referred to as the South Island), is located in the Isle of Man 7 1 6 nautical miles southeast of the sea, 3 9 ° west longitude 5 3 ° south latitude, with an area of 3 7 0 0 square kilometers, the inhabitants of seasonal variations of the time more and less, up to 5 0 0, the capital of the Port of Grytviken.
The island is 2,500 nautical miles from the Strait of Magellan, the main channel between the South Atlantic Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean, 2,760 nautical miles from the mainland of Argentina, and 7,000 nautical miles from the mainland of the United Kingdom. Belong to the cold climate, the island of swamps, poor biological resources, but the strategic position is extremely important, not only is located in the southern hemisphere communication between the two oceans of the traffic must be, and the long and winding coastline composed of many harbors, constituting the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean's most important bases. In the two world wars, the British navy used this base to control the sea power in the South Atlantic. In recent years, the Isle of Man has become an even more important base for the development of the Antarctic. In addition, the discovery of oil on the seabed in the 1980s has intensified the Anglo-African dispute over the sovereignty of the island.
The Anglo-Argentine sovereignty dispute over the Isle of Man has a long, long and complicated history, with the British discovering the island in 1 592, but Argentina attributing the discovery to the Portuguese, Gomes, in 1 520.
The British and Argentine sovereignty dispute over the Isle of Man has a long, long and complicated history.
In 1690, the Englishman John Strong discovered the strait between the east and west islands, which was named the Falkland Strait, and from this he named the archipelago the Falkland Islands. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, a large number of Frenchmen came to the island successively, called Malvinas Islands, which was later transformed into the Spanish language Malvinas Islands.
The French established a settlement on the East Island in 1764, and the British on the West Island in 1765.
Spain bought the East Island from France in 1766 for 250,000 pounds, and in 1 7 7 0 Spain sent troops to occupy the West Island.
In 1816, Argentina declared its independence, claiming to inherit Spanish sovereignty over the Isle of Man.
The British occupied the Western Isles in 1832 and the Eastern Isles the following year.
Since then, there have been many negotiations between Britain and Argentina over the sovereignty of the Isle of Man.
In February 1982, negotiations between the two sides in New York broke down again. Argentina began to prepare for the recovery of the island by force and drew up a plan of action codenamed "Rosario".
On March 19, 1982, 39 workers from an Argentine company came to the South Island to dismantle an old whale-processing factory, and out of patriotic fervor, the workers raised the Argentine flag on the island. Britain immediately protested strongly, and on March 24, the British Navy icebreaker HMS Endurance, formerly stationed on the Isle of Man, carrying two helicopters and 1,400 soldiers, went to the South Island to deter them.
On March 26, Argentine President Altieri ordered the early implementation of the "Rosario" plan, by two destroyers, two frigates, a tank landing ship, a submarine, an icebreaker, a supply ship carrying two battalions of marines to form the 40th amphibious task force, departed from Belgrano to recapture the island of Malta, to a frigate, a supply ship carrying two platoons of The Marines formed the 60th Amphibious Task Force, which sailed from Porto de Ceado to recover the South Island, and also provided battle cover with the 200th Task Force, consisting of one aircraft carrier, four destroyers, one frigate, and one tanker. The commander-in-chief of the operation was Lieutenant General Osvaldo Garcia, commander of the 5th Army Corps and commander of the Malvinas Theater.
On April 10, the 40th Amphibious Group arrived on the Isle of Man. At midnight, a reconnaissance party of AAF Marines landed at Cape Pembroke. In the early hours of the following morning, frogmen detachments landed on York Beach. At 0630 hours, the main body of the AA landed at Lonoke Bay and immediately captured the airfield and harbor. At eighty-three minutes, seven C-1 3 0 transport planes brought in more than 3 0 0 0 reinforcements, bringing the total strength of the Albanian forces on the island to 4 0 0 0 . At 0900 hours, the British Governor of the island surrendered with his 1,811 troops and the Albanian forces occupied the island, established an administration and appointed Brigadier General Menendez as the military governor of the island.
The news of the recapture of the island was greeted with excitement in the country, where hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the "Plaza de Mayo" in front of the presidential palace, singing the national anthem, chanting slogans and celebrating the victory. More than a dozen political parties unanimously expressed their support for the government's action. President Galtieri's popularity was at its peak.
Britain, upon learning that the Isle of Man was occupied by Argentina, immediately announced that it had broken off diplomatic relations with Argentina, set up a wartime cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as the highest decision-making body, and formulated a strategic policy of using force as a backstop, and taking a multi-pronged approach politically, diplomatically, and economically, to compel the Arabs to withdraw their troops, and to use force to re-take the Isle of Man if Argentina did not give in.
April 3, the 6 0th Amphibious Formation of the Argentine Army landed on the South Island, and after a short firefight, occupied the South Island, the British defenders 2 3 surrendered. The British garrison surrendered. Thus, with seven casualties and the loss of two helicopters, the British captured the whole of Mare Island. Immediately after that, they carried out emergency transportation to the island, delivering a large number of reinforcements and supplies.
On the same day, for the first time since the Second World War, the British Parliament voted unanimously in favor of adopting a resolution to recover the island by force, appointed Rear Admiral Woodward as the task force commander, who was forty-nine years old, graduated from the Naval College, served as a submarine skipper, destroyer captains, Ministry of Defense Director of Naval Warfare Plans, sharp and decisive, with the "Sea Wolf".
April 5, the British army to "Athletic God" and "invincible" aircraft carriers as the core of the formation of the task force, *** have 37 warships, 20 Harrier fighters, 5 8 helicopters of various types, 3 5,000 marines. They sailed from Portsmouth and Gibraltar. The four nuclear submarines in the Atlantic were also heading for the Isle of Man at full speed. In the 13,000-kilometer voyage of the task force, the British forces involved in the war completed a series of preparations such as the development of combat plans, battle sequence formation, tactical exercises, and according to the decree issued by Parliament on April 4, leased 5 8 civilian ships, as the fleet's logistical support, while the requisitioned civilian ships according to the need for rapid refitting. For example, the passenger ships Queen Elizabeth II and Canberra were converted into troop-carrying ships, and the roll-on roll-off ships Atlantic Conveyor and Atlantic Causeway were converted into aircraft-carrying ships. In particular, the passenger ship Uganda, which was sailing in the Mediterranean Sea with 9,400 students on board, received the requisition order and immediately called at the nearest port to allow the students to disembark, and then sailed to Gibraltar, where she was converted into a hospital ship in only three days. These efficient and rapid British preparations for war laid the foundation for victory.
In addition, a second echelon of 2 3 warships, 2 0 airplanes, and 2 0 0 0 land forces sailed from Portland on April 2 6. A third echelon of 1 8 warships and 3 0 0 0 land forces sailed from Ampton on May 1 2 .
On April 7, Britain declared a total air and sea blockade of 2,000 nautical miles around the Isle of Man.
On April 12, British nuclear submarines were the first to arrive in the sea area of the Isle of Man and began to enforce the blockade.
On April 15, British patrol planes from Ascension Island, "hunting fan" patrol aircraft, began to conduct air patrols in the waters of the Isle of Man.
April 17, the British fleet arrived at Ascension Island, rested for a day, and replenishment of supplies, live fire, corrected the gun. Meanwhile the wartime cabinet put forward the principle of keeping the war in the disputed area and not attacking the Argentine mainland. And actively launched a diplomatic and political offensive, so that the United States, the European **** body and other countries have expressed support for the United Kingdom, interrupted the arms trade with Argentina, the implementation of the arms embargo on Argentina, to the United Kingdom, while the provision of logistical support, communications, satellite intelligence and other facilities.
On April 19, the task force sailed from Ascension for the Isle of Man.
On April 20, a joint reconnaissance detachment consisting of members of the British Army Special Air Service (S A S ) and the Special Boat Squadron of the Navy (S B S ) Special Forces landed on the South Island. But the stormy weather on the South Island made the British army lost two helicopters, the reconnaissance detachment can not carry out activities, had to return without success.
April 22, fourteen S B S team first from the C -1 30 transport aircraft parachute landing in the northern waters of the South Island, and then switch to the submarine to reach about three nautical miles from the South Island, and finally swam ashore to carry out reconnaissance to find out the South Island on the Arabs of the troops, equipment, firepower configuration, and for the landing of subsequent troops to choose the airborne location, but also to clear the island's minefields.
On April 24, an advance party of two destroyers, two frigates arrived in the waters of the South Island.
April 2 5, the South Island S B S troops guided the 4 2nd Marine Commando Battalion airborne on the island, and at six o'clock in the evening, the British forces occupied the South Island's capital, Grytviken Harbor. On the same day in the waters of the Isle of Man patrol British "Bobcat" helicopters found the surface state of navigation of the Arabian army "Santa Fe" submarine, immediately attacked, launched A S-1 2 airship missiles, and dropped depth charges, "Santa Fe" was hit hard, had to be beached and stranded, 65 crew members abandoned the boat to escape, was captured by the British, the "Santa Fe" sank after towing in the towing.
April 26, the British captured 1,556 troops defending the South Island, the British side no casualties, reoccupy the South Island. It gave the British an important forward base.
April 2 8, the British fleet arrived at the island of Ma, the British Ministry of Defense announced that from Greenwich Mean Time on April 30, eleven o'clock, all the aircraft and ships into the 2,000 nautical miles around the island of Ma exclusion zone will be attacked. The ADF was put on maximum alert and a light control and curfew was introduced on the Isle of Man.
On April 30, the British fleet completed the deployment of the air and sea blockade of the island. Conqueror" nuclear submarine found that the Arabs 1 cruiser and 2 destroyers fleet, one side to report to the command, one side to track.
On May 1, British Vulcan bombers from Ascension and Harrier fighters from the carriers made their first attack on the island.
On May 2, with the approval of the War Cabinet, the submarine HMS Conqueror fired three M K-8 torpedoes at the cruiser General Belgrano, which had been tracked for three days, from a distance of 1,400 yards at a distance of 36 nautical miles outside the 200 nautical miles exclusion zone, hitting two torpedoes, and the cruiser sank after forty-five minutes, with 321 Albanian troops killed or missing. The sinking of the ship was a major blow to the morale of the Argentine army and caused the main body of the Argentine navy to withdraw from the waters of the Isle of Man, and to retreat to the mainland for the duration of the war, never to fight again.
May 3, the British "Bobcat" helicopters in the sea area north of the island of Ma, with the A S -1 2 "sea big gull" airship missiles sunk, wounded the Argentine patrol boat each 1 ship.
May 4, the ADF "Neptune" reconnaissance aircraft found the British "Sheffield" destroyer, it called two "Super Flag" attack aircraft to go to the attack, "Super Flag" to take from the sea surface of 50 meters height of ultra-low altitude flight in order to avoid the British radar, in the distance from the British ship 46 kilometers at a sudden rise of 1,500 meters in 30 seconds to open the radar to lock the British ship to launch two A M-39 "Flying Fish" airship missiles. -It then made a sharp turn and dropped to 30 meters to return home. When the British realized that the missiles were coming, the captain of the ship only had time to yell, "Take cover!" The ship was hit by a missile and immediately burst into flames. Despite the efforts of the ship's damage control personnel to fight the fire for five hours, the fire could not be brought under control, and the captain had to order the abandonment of the ship, resulting in 78 British casualties and missing persons. Six days later, HMS Sheffield sank while being towed back to England. The sinking of the ship, the most advanced British warship with a displacement of 3,200 tons and a cost of 200 million US dollars, dealt a great blow to the British army, which drew a lesson from the incident and took all kinds of measures to guard against the missile attacks by the Arabs.
May 6, the British army sixteen S A S team members first submarine and then take a rubber boat to sneak into the mainland of Argentina's Rio Gallegos airbase, in one fell swoop to blow up the Arabs 8 "super flag", and the Arabs total **** only 1 4 vehicles.
On May 7, Britain announced that it would expand the exclusion zone to twelve nautical miles from the Argentine coast.
On May 9, British Harrier fighters sank the Argentine supply ship Horned Whale.
May 10, the British "lively" frigate sank the Argentine "Los Estados" supply ship.
British forces during this period to decipher the code of the Arabs, a comprehensive grasp of the Arabs combat attempts and troop deployment, and comprehensive "S A S", "S B S" battlefield reconnaissance to determine the north side of the East Island of the Isle of Man, San Carlos Bay, as the landing site. However, the airfield on Pebble Island at the northern mouth of the Falkland Strait, the radar station poses a serious threat, in order to clear the obstacles without exposing the landing attempt. British forces decided to send commandos to eliminate the targets on Pebble Island, but not for occupation.
On the night of May 1 1, eight "S A S", "S B S" members touched Pebble Island for reconnaissance.
On the night of May 14, fifty commandos landed on the island in three helicopters guided by eight advance party members, destroying six Pokhara attack planes, four T-34 trainer attack planes, and one transport plane. The Artillery Observation Group of the crew guided the 115-mm main guns of the destroyer HMS Glamorgan to bombard targets on the island, destroying an armory and six radar stations. The British returned by helicopter under fire and won the battle with two casualties, clearing the way for a landing.
Taking into account the fact that the Arabs had 1,400,000 troops on the island, while the first landing force of the British army was only 1,000,000 at most, how to win the battle with fewer people is only a matter of surprise. Woodward has taken great pains to create a bewildering array.
Sent by the "S A S " "S B S" commando detachment lurked on the island very early, under the cover of the island's British residents, one side to find out the deployment of the Arabs, one side of the active activities, all around the assault, the only Arabs did not attack the command, the main reason lies in the British army deciphered the code, the Arabs' command became an important source of intelligence of the British army.
May 1 9, the British four reconnaissance squads landed.
On May 2 0 , the British fleet cruised southwest of the Isle of Man and sent destroyers to shell targets ashore. Feint landings were also carried out in Darwin Harbor and Fox Bay. All the attention of the A.A. forces was drawn in the direction of Port Stanley. The British assault formation had been assembled two days earlier from the South Island into the sea about 2 0 0 nautical miles northeast of the Isle of Man, and on the afternoon of the day before the landings, taking advantage of the bad weather and the cover of night to maneuver toward the landing area, which unfolded near Cape Fanning.
At 3:00 a.m. on May 2 1 , the S A S commandos landed at Fanning Point as the first echelon, and with the assistance of the reconnaissance detachment that had landed earlier, eliminated the A A S garrison of about 5 0 men. At 0330 hours, the British began preparations for naval gunfire. At 3:40, the British landed two amphibious assault ships and four landing craft at San Carlos in a three-dimensional, multi-point landing and disembarked without resistance. The British seized the weakness of the Arabs' poor night-fighting ability and scrambled to transport personnel and supplies, disembarking 2,500 people and 3,200 tons of supplies in four hours. They also constructed fortifications and organized defenses in preparation for the counterattack of the Arab army. Sure enough, at daybreak, the Arabs deployed 16 "Pukara" attack planes and 14 "Mirage" fighters to attack the British fleet and the landing beaches. The pilots were strictly trained by the instructors of the United States, France and Israel, with high technology, fierce style and strong fighting ability. The face of British anti-aircraft artillery, missiles and "Harrier" fighter air defense system, undaunted, sank the "enthusiasm" frigate, wounded 1 destroyer, frigate 2, auxiliary ships 1. The British also paid the price of having 14 airplanes shot down. British forces withstood the counterattacks of the Arabs, control of 20 square kilometers of beachhead positions, but also laid the Harrier and helicopter landing steel plate airstrip, further consolidation of the landing beachhead.
On 22 May, the inexplicable inactivity of the Arabs gave the British forces a chance to restock, adjust their deployment, and deploy a company of Blowpipe anti-aircraft missiles with a well-organized anti-aircraft fire system.
May 23rd, the ADF deployed nearly a hundred aircraft, continued to launch heavy air attacks, sank the frigate Antelope.
May 25, it is Argentina's national day, the AF to full strength, the whole day about 2,000 sorties, made the sinking of the "Coventry" destroyer, "Atlantic Carrier" ro-ro ship, wounded a destroyer, a frigate brilliant results. The British forces were fortunate that the Atlantic Flyer was carrying 16 Harrier fighters and a Chinook heavy helicopter that flew to the shore airfield before it was sunk. Over the past three days, the Argentine Air Force fought bravely and dealt a heavy blow to the British, but the performance of the planes was not as good as that of the British, and there was no strong support from the navy and land forces, and because Argentina had not been at war for more than a hundred years and was poorly prepared for the war, 40 percent of the bombs dropped did not explode, so it was not possible to prevent the British from landing. Their own losses amounted to 31 airplanes. In three days, the British troops ashore has reached 5 0 0 0 people, beachhead positions expanded to 1 5 0 square kilometers, the establishment of supply bases, communication hubs, and in the steel plate airstrip with aluminum runway.
On May 2 7, the British began to launch a land attack, the troops were divided into two roads to advance to Port Stanley. South Road to the 2nd Parachute Battalion as the lead, the 4th 5th Marine Battalion as a backup, along the Southeast Highway, through Darwin Harbor, Gus Green, Fitzroy Bay, Bluff Bay from the south to attack; North Road to the 6 0 S A S troops as the lead, the 3rd Parachute Battalion, the 4th Marine Battalion to follow up, along the Douglas, Tyrell's Bay, straight to take Stanley.
On May 28, the British captured Darwin Harbour and Douglas.
On May 2 9, the British captured Gus Green and Till Bay.
On May 30, the British attacked their flagship, HMS Invincible, with one Superflag and four Skyhawks. Two Skyhawks were shot down, wounding the Invincible, but the British denied it. That night, 3,000 British troops, transported by the passenger ship Queen Elizabeth II, arrived on the island. The British army was further strengthened.
On May 31, the British army on the North Road arrived at Kent Hill and took up positions to wait for the British army on the South Road.
On June 1, the South Road British troops also arrived in Kent Hill, and the North Road British troops. The British army at this time to give up the periphery, focusing on the main force to defend Port Stanley policy. British troops in the capture of Kent Hill and Chagarin Hill to complete the encirclement of Port Stanley, and not in a hurry to attack, but to adjust the deployment, replenishment of supplies, sent S A S and S B A troops around, battlefield reconnaissance, and soon find out that the A forces to Kent Hill, Chagarin Hill as the first line of defense to Harriton Hill, Langton Hill as the second line of defense to the Wireless Ridge, the desire to fall down the mountain, Mount Williams, Mount Engineering Hill a line of the main defensive position, that is, the Calderie defense line, the main defense, and the main defense line, the main defense line. That is to say, the Caltieri line, between all three lines were laid a large number of mines and obstacles, leaving only a secret passage protected by artillery fire for liaison. Woodward, aware of the enemy situation, decided to commit a follow-on unit, the Fifth Infantry Brigade, which consisted of three battalions. The brigade has three battalions, A battalion is the Welsh Praetorian Guard, B battalion is the Scottish Praetorian Guard, the battalion had participated in the Second World War, in the Battle of El Alamein defeat of the German army and famous, C battalion is the famous Gurkha Battalion, because the soldiers are recruited Nepalese Gurkha and named, Gurkhas to hard work and hard-working and brave and good at fighting and famous, people wear Gurkha cutlasses, in the Second World War, they have been with this sharp cutlasses and fierce knife will be rampant across Southeast Asia, and the Gurkhas will be the most important enemy in the war. The knife will be rampant in Southeast Asia to kill the Japanese army was routed.
On June 7, the Fifth Brigade embarked on a landing ship and quietly departed to prepare for the landing on the island of Livrai. When passing through Swan Bay, Brigadier General Wilson Moore, the brigade commander, found that Fuzero's Albanian army was withdrawing, Moore, with a professional soldier's excellent intuition, felt that this was an excellent opportunity, and without the approval of the command, the immediate order to land in the Shiraff Bay, which is only 16 kilometers away from the Stanley Harbor. This move was generally recognized after the war as extremely proactive, and as a result of the withdrawal of the Albanian forces, the British Fifth Brigade of 3,500 men successfully landed at Shiraff Bay.
On June 8, a large number of aircraft were deployed to attack the British forces on the beachhead at Sharaf Bay, sinking one landing ship, wounding one frigate and one landing ship. The Arabs lost 1,1 airplanes. However, they were still unable to stop the British landing. At this time, the British forces on the island has been greatly enhanced, **** there are 8 0 0 0 people on the ground, heavy artillery 3 0 doors, 2 0 tanks.
June 1 1, after three days of preparation, the British army to "Vulcan" bombers and "Harrier" fighter intensive bombing, at the same time, destroyers, frigates to naval gunfire cover, support the ground forces to the Arabs of the second line of defense onslaught, the 45th battalion of the Army to capture the Harriet Hill and the Langton Hill, break through the second line of defense, and control of all the heights of the periphery of the Stanley. The only counter-attack by the AAF was the wounding of the destroyer Glamorgan with a shore-based A M-39 Flying Fish missile.
On June 12, the British forces took a planned day of rest. In the evening, the radio listening team on Kent Hill intercepted and deciphered a secret message sent to the President by the British Army on the Isle of Man, and learned that the British Army was no longer able to fight. Brigadier General Moore decided to immediately put into reserve to carry out the final blow. In the middle of the night, B Battalion, C Battalion and 2nd Parachute Battalion of the British Fifth Brigade launched a full-scale attack on the Arabs along the secret corridor marked by the S B S. The battle raged for five hours and was over in June. After five hours of fierce fighting, at 5 a.m. on June 13, Wireless Ridge, Lusty Hill and William Hill were captured, and all the points on the Galtieri Line were seized.
On June 14, the British continued their attack and the Albanians abandoned their heavy weapons and retreated into the city of Port Stanley. From 7:30 in the morning, the British concentrated all the artillery bombardment, the Arabs' artillery just returned fire, it was the British with gun-sighting radar and computerized fire control system guided by the precise fire to eliminate, and then the British army will be all out bombardment of targets in Port Stanley, heavy artillery bombardment lasted for ten hours, the British army **** fired twelve thousand rounds of artillery shells, almost all of the ammunition used up by the British army. In the late afternoon, the British and Arab armies reached an informal ceasefire agreement.
June 14th twenty-one, Stanley Harbor in the remaining nine thousand Arab troops surrendered. At this point, the fighting basically subsided.
On June 15, the President of Argentina announced that the fighting on the Isle of Man was over. The British also announced the surrender of the Argentine army and the recapture of the island. The war on the Isle of Man, which lasted 74 days, was officially over.
In mid-July, both sides repatriated their prisoners of war, and in August it was announced that the air and sea exclusion zones would be lifted and normal navigation would resume. The hostilities between the two countries ended completely.
The defeat on the island also led to the intensification of internal conflicts in Argentina, President Galtieri and the Navy and Air Force commanders and other senior generals were forced to resign, and the following year, after the civilian government came to power after the election, the main military leaders who started the war to be tried in a military court.
The war killed 2,550 British troops, wounded 7,777 and captured 2,100. They lost 37 aircraft, including 8 Harriers. Sunk 2 destroyers, 2 frigates, 1 landing ship, 1 roll-on/roll-off cargo ship, wounded 4 destroyers, 11 frigates, 2 landing ships, 1 minesweeper. The cost was $1.7 billion. Argentina lost 1,000,000 killed, 1,300 wounded and 1,180 captured. Loss of 1,117 aircraft. Sunk 1 cruiser, 1 submarine, 1 reconnaissance ship, 2 supply ships, 1 patrol boat. Six ships were wounded. The cost was 3.2 billion dollars. In addition to the United States and the European **** body economic sanctions caused by direct and indirect economic losses **** up to billions of dollars.