Wet, semi-dry, dry three categories of desulfurization process.
The most common method of desulfurization is calcium desulfurization and ammonia desulfurization, furnace spray calcium, plasma, seawater desulfurization, etc. The market is very small, and only applies to special circumstances. Wet desulfurization technology is more mature, high efficiency, simple operation.
The traditional limestone / lime - gypsum method of flue gas desulphurization process uses calcium-based desulphurizer to absorb sulfur dioxide generated by calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate, due to its small solubility, it is very easy to form scaling in the desulphurization towers and pipelines, clogging phenomenon. Bi-alkali flue gas desulfurization technology is developed to overcome the shortcomings of limestone - lime method is easy to scale.
With the gradual implementation of the new environmental protection law, the efficiency of desulfurization requirements are also increasingly high, to meet the efficiency of desulfurization of desulfurization is the only calcium and ammonia desulfurization method, but calcium desulfurization process complexity, clogging, corrosion, gypsum sulphur stacking and other issues, but is still the mainstream of desulfurization; ammonia desulfurization process is simpler, does not produce any waste, and ammonium sulphate can be done to produce compound fertilizer, but there is still a larger investment, operating costs are higher, but also the cost of the flue gas desulfurization technology is not the same. There are still problems of larger investment and higher operation cost. Ammonia desulfurization is the least problematic desulfurization method, but also the mainstream trend in the future, the new integrated desulfurization and denitrification technology has been gradually improved to meet the standards of the new environmental protection law of ultra-low emissions.
2. Flue gas desulphurization methods
The lowest 0.27 yuan to open the library members, view the full content > Original publisher: FX Database Yan Zhongkai I. China's "12th Five-Year Plan" flue gas desulphurization policy background Sulfur dioxide emissions reduction is China's "Twelfth Five-Year", "the main pollutant emissions reduction", "the major pollutant emissions reduction". "| One of the most important tasks of major pollutant emissions reduction.
In March 2011, the State Council issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" program will be sulfur dioxide as a major pollutant emissions reduction in the total control of binding indicators, to achieve a reduction of 8% of the target. December 2011, the national "Twelfth Five-Year" In December 2011, the national "Twelfth Five-Year" environmental protection plan has been announced, in order to achieve the goal of reducing emissions by 8%, sulfur dioxide emissions from 2010 22.678 million tons to be further reduced to 2015 20.864 million tons.
At the same time, China's coal consumption is expected to grow from 3 billion tons in 2010 to about 3.8 billion tons in 2015. Therefore, the task of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions is very arduous.
In November 2011, the State Council issued the "Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection" (Guofa [2011] No. 35), which puts forward the following: to implement total sulfur dioxide emission control in the electric power industry, to continue to strengthen desulfurization of coal-fired power plants, and to synchronize the construction of desulfurization and denitrification facilities of newly built coal-fired power plants; to implement total sulfur dioxide emission control in the iron and steel industry, and to strengthen the cement, petrochemical and coal chemical industry sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide management. Thermal power plants are the main source of sulfur dioxide emissions in China, but also the main battlefield of sulfur dioxide emissions reduction in China.
The revised Emission Standards for Air Pollutants from Thermal Power Plants (GB13223-2011) was promulgated in September 2011 and will be implemented from 2012 onwards. Which stipulates that the new coal-fired power plant sulfur dioxide emission limit value of 100 mg / m3 (high sulfur coal area of 200 mg / m3); existing power plant renovation implementation of 200 mg / Nm3 (high sulfur coal area of 400); key areas of the coal-fired power plant implementation of 50 mg / Nm3 on the coal-fired sulfur in the State Ministry of Environmental Protection 42 Organic amine method is developed in the chemical industry on the process of removal of hydrogen sulfide The process of removing hydrogen sulfide in the chemical industry is developed by the organic amine method, which can also reach (.
3. Methods of desulfurization
Flue gas desulfurization Refers to the removal of sulfur oxides (SO2 and SO3) from flue gases or other industrial exhaust gases.
Contents 1 Introduction to the process 2 Basic principles 3 Process methods ? Introduction to Methods ? Dry desulfurization ? Spray desulfurization ? Coal ash desulfurization ? Wet desulfurization 4 Process history 5 Anti-corrosion protection of desulfurization 1 Process Introduction Edit Flue gas desulfurization (FGD),[1] In FGD technology, it can be divided into the following five methods according to the type of desulfurizing agent: CaCO3 (limestone) based calcium method, MgO based magnesium method, Na2SO3 based Sodium method, the ammonia method based on NH3, and the organic base method based on organic bases. [1] 2 Basic principles Edit Chemical principles: SO2 in flue gas is essentially acidic,[2] and can be removed from the flue gas by reacting with a suitable alkaline substance.
The most commonly used alkaline substances for flue gas removal are limestone (calcium carbonate), quicklime (calcium oxide, Cao) and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). Limestone is abundant and therefore relatively cheap, and both quicklime and slaked lime are made from limestone by heating.
Other alkalis such as carbonate of Na (soda ash), magnesium carbonate and ammonia are sometimes used. The alkalis used react with the SO2 in the flue gas to produce a mixture of sulfites and sulfates (depending on the alkalis used, these may be calcium, sodium, magnesium or ammonium salts).
The ratio between sulphites and sulphates depends on the process conditions, and in some processes all the sulphites are converted to sulphates.The reaction between SO2 and the alkali occurs either in an alkaline solution (wet flue gas desulphurization (FGD) technology), or on the wet surface of a solid alkali (dry or semi-dry FGD technology).
In a wet FGD system, an alkaline substance (usually an alkali solution, more often a slurry of alkali) meets the flue gas in a spray tower. The SO2 in the flue gas is dissolved in water to form a dilute acid solution, which then undergoes a neutralization reaction with the alkali dissolved in the water.
The sulfites and sulfates produced by the reaction precipitate out of the aqueous solution, and the precipitation depends on the relative solubility of the different salts present in the solution. For example, calcium sulfate is relatively poorly soluble and thus readily precipitates.
The solubility of Na sulfate and ammonium sulfate is much better.SO2In dry and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization systems, a solid alkaline absorbent or a flue gas is sprayed through a bed of alkaline absorbent into the flue gas stream to make contact with the flue gas phase.
In either case, SO2 reacts directly with the solid alkali to produce the corresponding sulfites and sulfates. In order for this reaction to take place, the solid alkali must be very loose or fairly finely ground.
In semi-dry flue gas desulfurization systems, water is added to the flue gas to form a liquid film on the surface of the alkaline particulate matter, and SO2 dissolves into the liquid film, accelerating the reaction with the solid alkaline matter. 3 Process Methods Edit Methods Introduction The commonly used commercialized technology in the world is the calcium method, which accounts for more than 90% of the total.
According to the absorbent and desulfurization products in the desulfurization process in the wet and dry state can also be desulfurization technology can be divided into wet, dry and semi-dry (semi-wet) method. Wet FGD technology is a solution or slurry containing absorbent desulfurization and treatment of desulfurization products in the wet state, the method has a fast desulfurization reaction speed, simple equipment, desulfurization efficiency and other advantages, but there is a serious corrosion, high operation and maintenance costs and easy to cause secondary pollution and other problems.
Dry FGD technology desulfurization absorption and product processing are carried out in the dry state, the method has no sewage waste acid discharge, the degree of corrosion of the equipment is lighter, the flue gas in the purification process without significant cooling, purified smoke temperature is high, conducive to the diffusion of chimney exhaust, the advantages of secondary pollution, etc., but there are desulfurization efficiency is low, the reaction rate is slower, the equipment is huge and other problems. Semi-dry FGD technology refers to flue gas desulfurization technology in which the desulfurizer is desulfurized in a dry state and regenerated in a wet state (e.g., water-washed activated carbon regeneration process), or desulfurized in a wet state and the desulfurization product is processed in a dry state (e.g., spray drying method).
Especially in the wet state of desulfurization, desulfurization products in the dry state of the semi-dry method, with its wet desulfurization reaction speed, desulfurization of the advantages of high efficiency, but also the dry method of sewage waste acid discharge, desulfurization of the product is easy to deal with the advantages of the widespread concern. According to the use of desulfurization products, can be divided into two kinds of abandonment method and recovery method.
At present, domestic and foreign commonly used flue gas desulfurization method according to its process can be broadly divided into three categories: wet discard process, wet recycling process and dry process. Among them, the application of frequency converter in the equipment has made a great contribution to energy saving.
[3] dry desulfurization dry flue gas desulfurization process The process used in power plant flue gas desulfurization began in the early 80's, with the conventional wet scrubbing process compared to the following advantages: lower investment costs; desulfurization product is dry, and fly ash mixed; no need to install demister and reheater; equipment is not easy to corrode, not easy to scale and clogging. The disadvantages are: the utilization rate of the absorber is lower than the wet flue gas desulphurization process; used for high sulfur coal poor economy; fly ash and desulphurization product mixing may affect the comprehensive utilization; the drying process control requirements are very high.
Spray desulfurization Spray dry flue gas desulfurization process Spray dry flue gas desulfurization (referred to as dry FGD), the first by the U.S. JOY and Denmark NiroAtomier company *** with the development of desulfurization process, developed in the mid-1970s, and in the electric power industry to promote the application of rapid. The process uses atomized lime slurry in a spray drying tower in contact with the flue gas, lime slurry and SO2 reaction to produce a dry solid reactants, and finally together with the fly ash collected by the dust collector.
China has carried out the intermediate test of rotary spray dry flue gas desulfurization in Baima Power Plant in Sichuan Province, and has gained some experience, which provides a basis for the design of optimized parameters of rotary spray dry flue gas desulfurization in 200~300MW units. Coal ash desulfurization Fly ash dry flue gas desulfurization technology Japan from 1985, research on the use of fly ash as a desulfurizing agent dry flue gas desulfurization technology, to the end of 1988 to complete the industrialization of the test, the beginning of 1991 put into operation the first fly ash dry desulfurization equipment, flue gas treatment capacity of 644,000Nm3 / h.
Its characteristics: desulfurization rate of up to 60% or more, stable performance. Reached the general wet method of desulfurization performance level; low cost of desulfurization agent; less water consumption, no need for drainage treatment and exhaust reheating, the total cost of equipment than the wet method of desulfurization is lower than 1/4; coal ash desulfurization agent can be reused; no slurry, easy to maintain, equipment system.
4. Commonly used coal-fired flue gas desulphurization methods have which categories
Common desulphurization technology editors flue gas desulphurization (FGD) is a large-scale application of the industrial sector, effective desulphurization methods.
According to the form of sulfide absorber and by-products, desulfurization technology can be divided into three types: dry, semi-dry and wet. Dry desulfurization process is mainly the use of solid absorbent to remove SO2 in the flue gas, generally the limestone fine powder sprayed into the furnace chamber, so that its thermal decomposition into CaO, absorbing SO2 in the flue gas, generating CaSO3, together with the fly ash collected in the dust collector or discharged through the chimney.
Wet flue gas desulfurization is the use of liquid absorbent in the ionic conditions of the gas-liquid reaction, and then remove the SO2 in the flue gas, the system used in the equipment is simple, stable and reliable operation, high desulfurization efficiency. The biggest advantage of dry desulfurization is that there is no wastewater, waste acid discharge, reducing secondary pollution; the disadvantage is that the desulfurization efficiency is low, the equipment is huge.
Wet desulfurization uses liquid absorbent to wash the flue gas to remove SO2, the equipment used is relatively simple, easy to operate, high desulfurization efficiency; but after desulfurization of the flue gas temperature is lower, the corrosion of the equipment is more serious than the dry method. [1] Limestone (lime) - gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization process limestone (lime) wet desulfurization technology due to the absorbent is cheap and easy to obtain, in the field of wet FGD has been widely used.
The reaction mechanism with limestone as the absorber is as follows: Absorption: SO2(g) → SO2(L) + H2O → H++HSO3- → H+ +SO32- Dissolution: CaCO3(s) + H+ → Ca2+ + HCO3- Neutralization: HCO3- + H+ → CO2(g) + H2O Oxidation: HSO3- + 1/2O2 → SO32- + H+ SO32- +1/2O2→SO42- crystallization: Ca2++SO42- +1/2H2O →CaSO4-1/2H2O(s) The process is characterized by high efficiency of desulfurization (>95%), high utilization of absorber (>90%), adaptable to the conditions of high concentration of SO2 flue gas, low calcium-sulfur ratio (generally <1.05), desulfurization gypsum can be Comprehensive utilization of desulfurization gypsum. Disadvantages are high capital investment costs, water consumption, desulfurization wastewater is corrosive.
Seawater flue gas desulfurization seawater flue gas desulfurization process is the use of seawater alkalinity to achieve the removal of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, a desulfurization method. The desulfurization process does not require the addition of any chemicals, and does not produce solid waste, desulfurization efficiency >92%, operation and maintenance costs are low.
After the flue gas is dusted by the dust collector, it is sent into the gas-gas heat exchanger by the pressurized fan to cool down, and then sent into the absorption tower. In the desulfurization absorption tower, with a large number of seawater contact from the circulating cooling system, the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas is absorbed and reacted to remove, seawater is oxidized and discharged.
The flue gas after removing sulfur dioxide is warmed up by the heat exchanger and discharged from the flue. Seawater flue gas desulfurization process is subject to geographical limitations, only for projects with abundant seawater resources, especially for seawater as circulating cooling water thermal power plants, but need to properly solve the internal absorption tower, absorption tower drainage ditch and its back flue, chimney, aeration pool and aeration device corrosion problems.
The process flow is shown in Figure 1. spray drying process Spray drying process (SDA) is a semi-dry flue gas desulphurization (FGD) technology, which is second only to the wet method in terms of market share.
The method is to spray the absorber slurry Ca(OH)2 in the reaction tower, the droplets in the absorption of SO2 in the flue gas at the same time by the hot flue gas evaporation, the generation of solids and capture by the dust collector. When the calcium-sulfur ratio is 1.3~1.6, the desulfurization efficiency can reach 80%~90%.
Semi-dry FGD technology combines the general characteristics of dry and wet methods. Its main disadvantage is the use of lime milk as an absorbent, the system is easy to scale and clogging, and the need for special equipment for the preparation of absorbent, and thus the investment costs are large; FGD efficiency and absorbent utilization is not as high as limestone / gypsum method.
Spray drying technology in the combustion of low-sulfur and medium-sulfur coal of small and medium-capacity units on the application of more. Domestic in January 1990 in the Baima power plant built a set of medium-sized pilot plant.
Later, many units also use this desulfurization process, the technology has basically matured. Electron beam flue gas desulfurization process (EBA method) electron beam radiation technology desulfurization process is a dry desulfurization technology, is a combination of physical and chemical methods of high technology.
The process of the process is composed of exhaust pre-dusting, flue gas cooling, ammonia flushing, electron beam irradiation and by-product capture process. The flue gas discharged from the boiler enters the cooling tower after the coarse filtering treatment of the dust collector, and the cooling water is injected in the cooling tower to cool the flue gas to a temperature suitable for desulfurization and denitrification treatment (about 70℃).
The dew point of the flue gas is usually about 50℃. After passing through the cooling tower, the flue gas flows into the reactor and is injected with a mixture of ammonia, compressed air and soft water close to the stoichiometric ratio. The amount of ammonia added depends on the concentration of SOx and NOx, which are irradiated by an electron beam to produce the intermediates sulfuric and nitric acids under the action of free radicals.
Then sulfuric acid and nitric acid are neutralized and reacted with ****existing ammonia to produce a mixture of powdered granular ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. The rate of desulfurization can reach more than 90%, and the rate of denitrification can reach more than 80%.
In addition, sodium-based, magnesium-based and ammonia can also be used as an absorbent, the general reaction generated by the mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate particles are separated and captured by the secondary finished product dust collector, after purification of the flue gas pressurized and discharged to the atmosphere.
5. What are the methods of flue gas desulfurization
The main industrialized technologies are: ① Wet lime / limestone - gypsum method This method uses lime or limestone slurry to absorb SO2 in the flue gas, generating hemihydrate calcium sulfite or then oxidized into gypsum.
Its high degree of technological maturity, desulfurization efficiency is stable, more than 90%, is currently the main method at home and abroad. ② spray drying method The method is to use the milk of lime as an absorbent sprayed into the desulfurization tower, after desulfurization and drying for the powder desulfurization residue discharge, is a semi-dry desulfurization, desulfurization efficiency of 85% or so, the investment is lower than the wet limestone - gypsum method.
Currently mainly used in the United States. ③ absorption regeneration method There are mainly ammonia, magnesium oxide method, double alkali method, W-L method.
Desulphurization efficiency can reach about 95%, the technology is more mature. ④ furnace spray calcium - humidification activation desulfurization method The method is a powdered calcium desulfurizer (limestone) sprayed directly into the combustion boiler chamber desulfurization technology, suitable for medium and low sulfur coal boilers, desulfurization efficiency of about 85%.
6. Wet desulfurization technology principle, process flow
Wet desulfurization process technology principle, process: flue gas into the desulfurization device of the wet absorption tower, with top-down spraying of alkaline limestone slurry droplets countercurrent contact, which the acidic oxides of SO2, as well as other pollutants, such as HCL, HF, etc., are absorbed, the flue gas can be fully purified; after the absorption of SO2, slurry After absorbing SO2, the slurry reacts to generate CaSO3, which is forced to oxidize and crystallize in situ to generate CaSO4?2H2O, and then get the commercial-grade desulfurization by-product - gypsum after dehydration to ultimately realize the comprehensive treatment of sulfur-containing flue gas.
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Reference:
7. Types of desulfurization process
Limestone - gypsum method of desulfurization process is one of the most widely used desulfurization technology in the world, Japan, Germany, the United States of America's coal-fired power plants used in the flue gas desulfurization device about 90% of the use of this process.
Its working principle is: limestone powder with water to make a slurry as an absorbent pumped into the absorption tower and the flue gas full contact mixing, sulfur dioxide in the flue gas and calcium carbonate in the slurry as well as from the lower part of the tower into the air for the oxidation reaction to generate calcium sulfate, calcium sulfate to reach a certain degree of saturation, the formation of gypsum dihydrate by crystallization. The gypsum slurry discharged from the absorption tower is concentrated and dewatered so that its moisture content is less than 10%, and then sent to the gypsum storage silo with a conveyor for stockpiling, and the flue gas after desulfurization is removed by a mist eliminator to remove droplets, and then heated and warmed up by a heat exchanger and discharged into the atmosphere by a chimney.
As the absorber slurry in the absorption tower is repeatedly circulated through the circulating pump to contact with the flue gas, the absorber utilization rate is very high, the calcium-sulfur ratio is low, and the desulfurization efficiency can be greater than 95%. System components: (1) limestone storage and transportation system (2) limestone slurry preparation and supply system (3) flue gas system (4) SO2 absorption system (5) gypsum dehydration system (6) gypsum storage and transportation system (7) slurry discharge system (8) process water system (9) compressed air system (10) wastewater treatment system (11) oxidizing air system (12) electric control system technical characteristics: (1), the absorbent Wide range of applicability: a variety of absorbents can be used in the FGD plant, including limestone, lime, magnesite, waste soda solution, etc.; (2), a wide range of fuel applicability: suitable for combustion of coal, heavy oil, oleum, as well as petroleum coke and other fuels such as the treatment of exhaust gas boilers; (3), the fuel sulfur range of adaptability: the fuel can be dealt with up to 8% sulfur flue gas; (4), the unit load changes in adaptability: to meet the unit in the 15 to 100% load adaptability: the unit in the 15 to 100% load can be used to meet the requirements of the process water system. To meet the unit in the 15 ~ 100% load change range of stable operation; (5), desulfurization efficiency is high: generally greater than 95%, up to 98%; (6), the patented tray technology: effectively reduce the liquid / gas ratio, conducive to the uniform distribution of airflow in the tower, saving material consumption and energy consumption, and convenient for the maintenance of the absorption tower components; (7), the absorber has a high utilization rate: calcium and sulfur ratio as low as 1.02 ~ 1.03; (8), the by-products have high purity: the production of purity of more than 95% of the gas; (8), the by-products have a high purity: the production of the by-products have a high purity. Production of commercial grade gypsum with a purity of more than 95%; (9) high dust removal efficiency of coal-fired boiler flue gas: 80% to 90%; (10) cross sprinkler arrangement technology: conducive to reducing the height of the absorption tower.
Recommended scope of application: (1), 200MW and above, medium and large-scale new construction or renovation units; (2), coal-fired sulfur content of 0.5-5% and above; (3), the requirements of the desulfurization efficiency of more than 95%; (4), limestone is more abundant and gypsum utilization of gypsum is more extensive areas Spray-drying method of desulfurization process for desulfurization of the absorbing agent of lime, lime by digesting and adding water to make the milk of dead lime, the milk of dead lime By the pump into the atomization device located in the absorption tower, in the absorption tower, is atomized into tiny droplets of absorbent and flue gas mixing contact with the SO2 in the flue gas in the chemical reaction to generate CaSO3, SO2 in the flue gas is removed. At the same time, the absorber into the water is quickly evaporated and dry, the flue gas temperature is reduced.
Desulfurization reaction product and not be used in the form of dry particles with the flue gas out of the absorption tower, into the dust collector is collected. After desulfurization of the flue gas by the dust collector dust removal and discharge.
In order to improve the utilization of the desulfurization absorbent, part of the dust collector collection is generally added to the pulping system for recycling. There are two different forms of atomization available for this process, one for rotating spray wheel atomization and the other for gas-liquid two-phase flow.
Spray drying method of desulfurization process has mature technology, process flow is relatively simple, system reliability and high characteristics, desulfurization rate can reach more than 85%. The process in the United States and some countries in Western Europe have a certain range of applications (8%).
Desulfurization ash can be used as bricks, road construction, but mostly abandoned to the ash field or backfill waste pit. Ammonium phosphate fertilizer flue gas desulfurization technology belongs to the recycling method, named after its by-product is ammonium phosphate.
The process is mainly composed of adsorption (activated carbon desulfurization acid), extraction (dilute sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate ore extraction of phosphoric acid), neutralization (ammonium phosphorus neutralization solution preparation), absorption (ammonium phosphorus liquid desulfurization of fertilizers), oxidation (ammonium sulfite oxidation), concentration and drying (solid fertilizer preparation) and other units. It is divided into two systems: flue gas desulphurization system - flue gas after high-efficiency dust collector so that the dust content is less than 200mg/Nm3, with a fan to raise the flue gas pressure to 7,000Pa, first of all, the first by the Venturi tube spraying water to cool down and adjust the humidity, and then into the four towers side by side of the activated carbon desulphurization tower group (one of the tower periodic switching of the regeneration), to control the first level of desulphurization The rate of primary desulfurization is greater than or equal to 70%, and produces sulfuric acid with a concentration of about 30%, the flue gas after primary desulfurization enters the secondary desulfurization tower to be washed and desulfurized with ammonium phosphate slurry, and the purified flue gas is discharged by separating the fog and foam.
Fertilizer preparation system - in the conventional single-slot multi-slurry extraction tank, the same level of desulfurization of dilute sulfuric acid decomposition of phosphate rock (P2O5 content greater than 26%), filtered to obtain dilute phosphoric acid (its concentration is greater than 10%), plus ammonia and neutralization of phosphorus and ammonia, as a second level of desulfurization agent, second level of desulfurization of slurry after concentration and drying to make ammonium phosphate composite fertilizer. The slurry after secondary desulfurization is concentrated and dried to make ammonium phosphate compound fertilizer. Calcium spraying in the furnace plus tail flue gas humidification activation desulfurization process is in the furnace calcium spraying desulfurization process on the basis of the tail of the boiler with additional humidification section, in order to improve the efficiency of desulfurization.
The process is mostly limestone powder as an absorbent, limestone powder from the pneumatic spray into the furnace 850 ~ 1150 ℃ temperature zone, limestone thermal decomposition into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas reaction to generate calcium sulfite. As the reaction is carried out between the gas-solid phase, affected by the mass transfer process, the reaction rate is slow, and the absorbent utilization rate is low.
In the tail humidification activation reactor, humidified water sprayed in mist, and unreacted calcium oxide contact to generate calcium hydroxide and then react with the sulfur dioxide in the flue gas. When the calcium-sulfur ratio is controlled at 2.0~2.5, the system desulfurization rate can reach 65~80%.
Due to the addition of humidification water to make the flue gas temperature drop, generally control the exit flue gas temperature is higher than the dew point temperature of 10 ~ 15 ℃, humidification water due to the heating of the smoke temperature is rapidly evaporated, the unreacted absorber, the reaction product is dry state with the flue gas discharge, collected by the dust collector. The desulfurization process in Finland, the United States, Canada, France and other countries have been applied, the use of this desulfurization technology, the largest single machine capacity has reached 300,000 kilowatts.
The flue gas circulating fluidized bed desulfurization process consists of absorbent preparation, absorption tower, desulfurization ash recirculation, dust collector and control system and other components. The process generally adopts the dry state of the powdered lime as the absorbent.
8. What is the content of the desulfurization safety training
Safety education is an important part of the enterprise safety management work, is an important measure to fundamentally eliminate human unsafe behavior, but also one of the important means of preventing and controlling accidents. Do a good job of enterprise safety education and training work, in order to ensure the smooth progress of other safety work and enterprise safety production. In order to make the company's education and training in 2010 with planning, focus and purpose, we have developed the following annual safety education and training programs.
First, the basic idea
(a) to strengthen the "safety first, prevention-oriented" safety awareness education. Safety awareness education is through the staff in-depth ideological work, to help employees correct matters, to improve their understanding of the importance of production safety. On the basis of improving the ideological awareness, in order to correctly understand and actively implement the relevant rules and regulations of production safety, to strengthen their own sense of protection, do not violate the rules of operation, do not violate labor discipline, to do the "three do no harm": do not harm themselves, do not harm others, not be harmed by others.
At the same time, the company's managers at all levels (including the leadership, the company's departments, workshop managers, technicians, etc.) should also strengthen the safety of ideological awareness of education, to ensure that they do a good job in the work of the role of the lead, from the concern for people, care for human life and health, pay attention to production safety, not to violate the rules of command.
(ii) safety education throughout the entire process of production, to strengthen the enthusiasm of full participation and long-term safety education. To do "full, comprehensive, the whole process" of safety education. Because production and safety is an inseparable unity, where there is production, where there is a need for safety education.
(C) to carry out a variety of channels, a variety of forms of safety education. The form of safety education should be adapted to local conditions, different from person to person, flexible and multi-purpose, as far as possible in line with the characteristics of human cognition, interested in, easy to accept the way. For my company's specific situation, the form of safety education are mainly the following aspects:
(1) meeting form. Mainly: safety knowledge lectures, symposiums, reports, exchange of advanced experience, accident lessons on-site meeting.
(2) hanging form. Mainly: safety publicity banners, slogans, signs, pictures, safety bulletin boards and so on.
(3) audio-visual products. Mainly: safety education CD-ROM, safety lecture video.
(4) on-site observation and demonstration forms. Mainly: safe operation method demonstration, fire drills, electric shock first aid method demonstration.
(4) strict implementation of the company's three-level safety education system, to eliminate the phenomenon of direct induction without three-level safety education. For new employees new workers, should be strictly required to carry out three-level safety education (including plant-level, workshop-level, team-level safety education), learning content including safety technical knowledge, equipment performance, operating procedures, safety systems and prohibited matters, and after passing the examination before entering the operating position, the assessment should be recorded, three-level safety education time of not less than 24 hours.
Second, the main training content plan:
Time theme way education purpose object main training personnel
The whole process of three-level safety education Classes to strengthen the safety quality of new employees new employees safety staff, etc.
January national safety laws and regulations publicity publicity to strengthen the legal awareness of the staff All staff safety staff
February safety production Management knowledge, safety production technology professional knowledge
Classes to strengthen the staff's safety awareness of all employees Safety Officer
March post safety operation procedures; classes to strengthen the staff's safety operation of the workshop personnel Safety Officer
April post safety knowledge education meetings, publicity to make the post personnel familiar with their post knowledge post operators Safety Officer
5 June, July Fire safety training and education, summer safety education, lectures, publicity, etc. To make employees understand the importance of fire prevention and how to put out fires, etc.
Prevention of heatstroke and electrocution accidents All employees, fire guards, safety officers, etc.
August Typical accidents and accidents, etc.
All employees, fire guards, safety officers, etc.
All employees, fire guards, safety officers, etc.
August Typical accidents and accidents, etc.
August Typical accidents and emergency rescue case analysis; publicity Strengthening employees' safety awareness and ability to deal with emergencies All employees Safety Officers
September Work safety rules and regulations and labor discipline; classes Ensuring safe production All employees Safety Officers
October Safety education for special operators Classes Strengthening the quality of the safety skills of special operators Electricians, welders, drivers, etc. Safety personnel
November safety education on the use of labor protection products publicity, on-site guidance to ensure that employees are clear about the role of wearing labor protection products and how to wear labor protection products All employees Safety personnel
December 2009 annual safety training activities to summarize and develop the next year's safety training program
Third, the requirements
1. Specific training programs should be developed one month before training and reported to the leadership of the approval process. The specific training program should be developed a month before the training, and reported to the leadership for approval, and timely notification of the training involved in the preparation of the relevant personnel.
2. After the end of the training, the effect of training should be fully summarized.
3. Safety training and education activities that cannot be held on schedule should be reported to the supervisor in a timely manner, stating the specific time and reason for holding them.
4. At the end of the year to write a good annual training and education activities to summarize the report, put forward this year's training lack of aspects, and future education to pay attention to, and develop the next year's safety training and education programs.