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The "ionizing radiation" produced by radiology equipment such as CT machines, DSAs, transilluminators, and X-ray machines is mainly X-rays.
The X-rays from this type of equipment come from electricity.
X-rays are electromagnetic waves, which are essentially the same as light, except that they are higher in energy. Therefore, it can penetrate tissues that ordinary light can't penetrate, thus penetrating the human body. But because because the rays are higher in energy, they have the potential to harm cells.
X-rays are actually special rays of light, think of them as special light bulbs that emit visible light, and X-ray tubes that emit X-rays.
The ordinary light bulb goes out when the power is cut off, and so does the X-ray tube, and when the power is cut off the electromagnetic waves disappear, and electromagnetic waves are energy, not matter, so there is no residue when the CT scanning equipment is turned off.
The reason why there are rumors that X-rays produce radiation and cause harm to the human body is mainly because the energy of X-rays is absorbed by the molecules, which can lead to the breaking of chemical bonds and derive chemical reactions, and these secondary chemical reactions are the important mechanism by which the rays damage the cells.
The rays that can convert non-radioactive material into radioactive material are "neutron rays".
Neutrons are the components that make up the nucleus of an atom. When a beam of neutrons is directed at a substance, there are always some neutrons that can force their way into the nucleus of another atom, and foreign neutrons can also destabilize the nucleus of a stable atom. The unstable nucleus will split in order to become stable. And the splitting process releases energy in the form of rays.
Taking a bone density test as an example, the radiation dose for a bone density test is 1 microsieverts (μSv), a chest radiograph is 100 microsieverts (μSv), a whole-body CT is 10,000 microsieverts (μSv), and a lumbar spine radiography is 1,500 microsieverts (μSv).
Currently, the internationally recognized personal safety dose limit is 2 millisieverts per year = 2000 microsieverts per year. (1 Sievert Sv = 1000 millisieverts mSv = 1,000,000 microsieverts μSv).
So a single CT scan produces a small dose of radiation, so there is no need to worry about radiation caused by radiation devices such as CT scans.
Extended information:
Dose of CT Radiation Injury
Radiation Dose of a CT The source comes from both radionuclides and CT. The majority of radiation used in CT comes from fluorine-18 (18F), which emits positrons and produces high-energy γ-rays, with a dose of about 7mSv/370MBq or 0.7mSv/mCi.
Newer PET/CTs use a relatively reduced dose of radiopharmaceuticals, and the dose standard used is the body weight multiplied by 0.1 to 0.15 (this factor is lower than 0.1 for some of the newer devices). equipment this coefficient is lower than 0.1), generally does not exceed 10mCi, an examination of the patient to receive a radiation dose of about 7mSV or so (to 10mCi, for example)
The second part of the radiation dose from the main source of CT scanning, high-end PET/CT more configured with 3D automated milliamperage technology (the name of the various manufacturers varies), based on the localization of the phase to determine the different levels of the mAs given with fixed mAs compared to the whole-body dose is greatly reduced. Fixed mAs compared to the whole body dose is greatly reduced, the total radiation dose of whole-body PET/CT examination is generally about 15mSv, lower than the radiation dose of conventional localized enhancement of CT scanning (e.g., liver enhancement of at least the same part of the scan three times).
It is safe to receive a radiation dose of less than 50mSv at one time, more than 100mSv before there is a risk of direct radiation damage (risk of radiological deterministic effects), and up to a radiation dose of 250mSv as a subclinical dose (asymptomatic overdose of radiation, with the potential to cause a small amount of biocellular damage, which can be repaired or compensated by the body and does not result in clinical symptoms).
More than 500mSv radiation exposure may cause 5% of the irradiated person to experience radiation damage symptoms, and more than 1000mSv radiation exposure may cause 25% of the irradiated person to experience radiation damage symptoms.