I. According to the use of aircraft, there are national aviation aircraft and civil aviation aircraft.
National aviation airplanes are airplanes used by the military, police and customs.
Civil aviation aircraft mainly refers to civil airplanes and helicopters, civil airplanes refer to civil passenger aircraft, cargo aircraft and dual-use aircraft.
Second, according to the type of aircraft engine, propeller aircraft and jet aircraft.
Propeller aircraft, including piston propeller aircraft and turboprop aircraft, aircraft engine for the piston propeller type, which is the most primitive form of power. It uses the rotation of the propeller to push the air to the rear of the aircraft, by its reaction force to push the aircraft forward. The higher the speed of the propeller, the faster the flight speed.
Jet airplanes, including turbojet and turbofan jet airplanes. The advantages of this type of aircraft are simple structure, fast speed, generally up to 500-600 miles per hour; fuel cost savings, large load capacity, generally can carry 400-500 passengers or 100 tons of cargo.
Three, according to the number of engines in the aircraft, there are single-engine (motive) aircraft, twin-engine (motive) aircraft, three-engine (motive) aircraft, four-engine (motive) aircraft.
Four, according to the flight of the flight speed points, there are subsonic aircraft and supersonic aircraft.
Subsonic airplanes are divided into low-speed airplanes (flight speed below 400 kilometers per hour) and high subsonic airplanes (flight speed Mach 0.8-8.9). Most jet airplanes are hypersonic.
Fifth, according to the distance of the aircraft, there are short-range, medium-range, long-range aircraft.
Long-range aircraft range of 1100 kilometers or so, can complete the intercontinental without landing across the kind of flight. The range of medium-range aircraft is about 3,000 kilometers, and the range of short-range aircraft is generally less than 1,000 kilometers. Short-range aircraft are generally used on regional routes, hence the name regional aircraft. Medium and long range aircraft are generally used for domestic trunk routes and international routes and are also known as mainline aircraft.
Expanded Information:
Advantages:
Jet airliners have a high maneuverability with a speed of around 810 km/h. The airplane flights are not blocked by mountains, rivers, deserts and oceans, and the frequency can be increased at any time according to the number of passengers and cargo.
According to the statistics of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the average number of deaths per hundred million passenger kilometers of civil aviation is 0.4, which is one tenth to one hundredth of the number of deaths in accidents in ordinary modes of transportation, making it a safer mode of transportation than trains.
Disadvantages:
Expensive. Both the airplane itself and the fuel it consumes to fly are extremely expensive compared to other modes of transportation.
Impacted by weather conditions. Although aviation technology has been adapted to most weather conditions, wind, rain, snow, fog and other weather conditions can still affect the safety of aircraft landing and taking off.
There are also restrictions on landing and takeoff sites. Airplanes must take off and land at airports, and there are at most a few airports in a city, and the airports are mostly located in the suburbs due to the limitations of the surrounding airspace conditions. Because from the airport to the city often need a longer transit process, which gives high-speed trains provide a distance of 800 kilometers or less of intercity transportation market space.
Reference:Airplanes - Baidu Encyclopedia