I. The current situation of computer application in hospitals in China
1. Business Processing System (TPS). That is, the automation of departmental business processes. Such as outpatient registration, pricing and charging, drug issuance, inspection reports and other process automation; inpatient bed management, doctor's orders, cost settlement and other process automation; and materials and equipment, financial and personnel and other back-office support departments of the business process automation.
2. Decision Support System (DSS). It is to link the data collected by TPS from various parties as a data warehouse, and access and calculate the data warehouse by mobilizing the model library, methodology library and knowledge base to assist semi-structured or even unstructured decision-making.
3. Medical Information System (MIS). Including laboratory equipment online system, medical image storage and communication system (PACS), expert diagnostic intelligence system.
4, office automation system (OA). Including daily office transactions, file transfer (FTP), e-mail (E-Mail), file management and so on.
5, literature retrieval system, including the hospital collection, periodicals, thematic search and access to Medline (U.S. National Library of Medicine) through the Internet.
6, maternal and child health information system.
Two, China's hospital computer application prospects
1, electronic medical records
Medical records as a basic data, very important in clinical diagnosis. Electronic medical record is a promising technology, is an important reform, it can be timely from all aspects of the dispersal of the patient's information, synthesis and organization of information in the form of data. At the same time can also add graphics and photos and other clinical diagnostic information to assist physicians to make a diagnosis, after the diagnosis of the computer can also improve a series of questions, put forward the basis for diagnosis, the formulation of treatment programs, quality checks and other daily paperwork. And can be directly through the network for information exchange within and outside the hospital. The electronic medical record system is a new type of medical record that synthesizes examination information, medical images and medical instructions. Information management is more rapid and useful than the low-file medical records, clinical diagnosis is more convenient, physicians are more likely to receive feedback, can ensure the quality of medical care, to eliminate incomplete and unqualified medical records, and saves time and so on.
2, the establishment of China's inpatient basic information set
Collecting, organizing and analyzing inpatient information, not only to understand the operation of the hospital, more importantly, can be the level of medical care in hospitals, health care services, such as the efficiency of scientific evaluation. Foreign practices have proved this. The basic information of hospitalized patients includes patients' demographic characteristics (age, gender, etc.), date of admission and status, code of visual disease and surgery, and cost of hospitalization. It is important to study the characteristics of hospitalized patients in China, to find a patient classification method suitable for our national conditions, and to explore a new system for assessing the quality of healthcare services, so as to improve the level of research in hospital management in China as a whole, and to make hospital management compatible with the development of hospitals.
3, the construction of hospital computer network
Currently, the vast majority of hospital computers in China is decentralized management, is still in a single machine, single-station work, there are a variety of data can not be *** enjoy, duplication of efforts and other shortcomings, is not conducive to improving the efficiency of the hospital's work. To realize the modernization of hospital management, only scientific design and application of computer network technology can strengthen the hospital management and inter-departmental links. Therefore, whether the computer network, has become a measure of a unit of information management technology level of the standard and the symbol of scientific hospital management.
4, the establishment of health care information superhighway
Information superhighway can make people regardless of time, space restrictions, at the same time, sound, image and data exchange, is a fiber-optic cable for the "road", the telephone, television, computers, and other existing information dissemination tools into one, become a multi-media communication tools. The information superhighway can maximize the use of medical and health resources, so that the knowledge of experts to become a valuable asset for all mankind ****, such as online teaching, community medical services, health system networking, telemedicine consultation consulting services, medical insurance and so on. Its completion, will greatly promote the development of health care, greatly improve the quality of medical care and service level, will completely change the status quo of health care and hospital management mode, medical work will no longer be confined to a hospital, a region, but to expand to the country and even the world. With the rapid development of electronic technology, computer applications, more and more extensive, nowhere without its footprint, of course, in the medical field, is no exception, when the patient stepped into the threshold of the hospital, after entering the world of computers, also began to enjoy the services of the computer.
Computerized medical record management. In the past, the medium of the patient's medical records is paper, especially long-term patients, their medical records are very thick stacks of doctors to see a doctor to read, but also very inconvenient, time-consuming and laborious, while keeping up a need to take up a lot of space, that a put down a number of medical records occupies a very large "Medical Records Library", the patient after registration, the medical records database After the patients have registered, the management of the medical records library will have to ask for them one by one by number. If a patient needs to be transferred to another hospital for treatment, he or she has to lend the medical records to the hospital to which he or she has been transferred. Today's medical records are no longer on paper, but a new type of medical records - "electronic medical records", the entire contents of the medical records, including X-ray photos, electrocardiograms and a variety of laboratory reports, etc., all packages are stored in a specialized "medical records database". "Medical Record Database", the original huge "Medical Record Library", but also had to be used for other purposes. When the patient to the hospital, the doctor just gently press the computer button, or click the mouse, you can "medical records database" in the patient's medical records out, and displayed on the screen, you can automatically turn the page before and after. When the patient needs to be transferred to a hospital for treatment, the new hospital doctors according to the transfer order, but also from the original hospital's "medical records database", the patient's medical records borrowed to use. Of course, the "medical records database" is managed by computer for security reasons, and no one can "call up" the medical records. The above mentioned transfer of hospital treatment "transfer orders", in fact, also plays a permitted to call the patient's medical records of the "pass" role.
Computerized diagnosis. Some call it "computerized medicine". This is one of the most important components of the medical field, when the patient to the hospital to see a doctor, first of all, to the staff on duty to describe the symptoms, and then the staff on duty to these symptoms, entered into the computer to go, "computer doctor" according to the symptoms, and immediately from the display screen to show the items to be tested or examined, at the same time, from the printer to print out the Laboratory tests, checklists (such as blood, urine, stool tests, X-ray chest X-ray, CT, ultrasound, nuclear magnetic **** vibration and other tests). After the end of the laboratory, examination, laboratory and examination results, by the laboratory and the relevant inspection department of the computer, directly to the computer doctor, "computer doctor" according to the patient's symptoms, laboratory and examination results, combined with the medical history, and finally make a "diagnosis", diagnose what disease, prescribe a medical treatment. Diagnosis of what disease, issued a medical "prescription", if you need to rest, it can also be issued "sick leave", these diagnosis, prescription, sick leave are printed by the printer.
If you encounter a difficult disease and need to be treated by a distant expert, the computerized doctor can transfer the patient's medical history, symptoms, laboratory tests and examination results through the network to the computer of the expert who is in a distant place, and ask for his diagnosis, and finally the expert will be the diagnostic conclusions and prescriptions and so on, and then sent back to the "computerized doctor" there. In this way, patients can be treated locally by specialists who are far away. If it is not the electronic age, to do this, just a fantasy, "fantasy" only.
Computerized beds. Bed is one of the necessary facilities for hospitalization of patients. The use of computer management beds, so that its management more modern, scientific. Beds according to the district management, it records the patient's name, what kind of disease, admission time, discharge time, empty beds and other information, while the computer billing system to the hospitalization department, providing patients with beds occupied by the relevant information, in order to be applied to its billing. In addition, it can also display the utilization of hospital beds in the whole hospital in real time.
Computerized medicine management. After adopting computerized management of drug storehouse, it can fully reflect the drug stock situation and drug flow information; print the list of all drugs, the list of drugs of designated parts, the list of drugs that will expire in three months and the list of drugs that need to be purchased urgently; prepare the auxiliary plan for purchasing drugs; provide the bill of the number of incoming and outgoing stocks, and the bill of the drugs that have been sent to the subordinate pharmacy, and so on.
Computerized drug counseling. Can provide doctors with the following consulting services: ① drug interaction analysis, each prescription up to 15 kinds of drugs; ② translation of drug names, you can arbitrarily enter the Chinese, English, Latin and one of the code, you can get the names of other kinds of words, including aliases; ③ query the use of the drug, specifications, the amount of commonly used, the limit of the amount of precautions; ④ query the relevant data on the pharmacy; ⑤ query the first choice of antimicrobials and the second drug and the use of these drugs guidance notes; ⑤ query the first choice of antimicrobial drugs and the second choice of drugs and the use of these drugs. (v) search for antibacterial drugs of first and second choices and instructions on the use of these drugs; (vi) search for drugs to be used with caution and prohibited in certain diseases and physiological states; (vii) search for drugs that can cause a change in the color of urine, and search for the use of anesthesia, nerves, and toxicity of the relevant provisions of the drug, and so on. The query can be arbitrary selection of Chinese, English, Latin or code, can be queried more than 40,000 kinds of drugs of various types of information, the query results in just 1 minute, display or print are available.
Computerized billing. Computerized billing is divided into two major parts: outpatient and inpatient. The outpatient billing part can accurately calculate medical expenses such as medicine, disposal fees, various laboratory fees, various examination fees, etc., and can clearly type out a detailed list of various expenses. The inpatient part, can accurately calculate the hospitalization treatment of patients, all the costs during hospitalization, and can print out a detailed list of the required costs.
Computerized Dentist. In terms of dental implants, the first computer tomography scan of the patient's mouth, the results will be entered into the computer dentist's computer to go, the computer dentist to analyze the patient's oral bone structure, to determine the need for dental implants in the exact location, and then, with the help of three-dimensional printing technology, to provide the oral cavity model, and finally, by the on-duty doctor according to the model and then implement the surgery. In the filling, the computer dentist is the use of a miniature lens scanning the patient's tooth decay, according to the scanning information, drawing a three-dimensional image of the tooth decay, then connected to the computer a small saw will be in the computer under the direction of the dentist to cut the filling of the porcelain, its size and shape is exactly the same as the tooth cavity, and finally by the on-duty doctor to the cavity of the ceramic block glued to the cavity.
In addition, there are also in the anesthesia, laboratory, examination, pathology, etc. are also used in the computer If you help hope to adopt.