The nanometer is a unit of length, symbolized as nm. 1 nanometer = 1 millimicron = 10 angstroms (one billionth of a meter), which is about the length of 10 atoms. Assuming that the diameter of a hair is 0.05 millimeters, it is radially dissected into 50,000 roots, the thickness of each root is about 1 nanometer.
Meaning of Nanotechnology-1
. The so-called nanotechnology refers to a new technology that studies the laws and properties of motion within electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0.1 to 100 nanometers. Scientists in the study of the composition of matter in the process, found in the nanometer scale isolated a few, dozens of countable atoms or molecules, significantly show many new characteristics, and the use of these characteristics of the manufacture of equipment with specific functions of the technology, known as nanotechnology.
. The main difference between nanotechnology and microelectronics technology is: nanotechnology research is to control individual atoms, molecules to achieve specific functions of the device, is the use of the volatility of electrons to work; and microelectronics technology is mainly through the control of the electronic group to achieve its function, is the use of the particle nature of electrons to work. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire microcosm.
. Nanotechnology is a highly cross-cutting and comprehensive discipline, and the research involves a wide range of modern science and technology.In 1993, the International Nanotechnology Steering Committee divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines such as nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nanophysics and nanochemistry are the theoretical basis of nanotechnology, while nanoelectronics is the most important content of nanotechnology.
Meaning of Nanotechnology-2
Nanotechnology (Nanotechnology nanotechnology)
Nanotechnology is actually a technology that makes matter out of individual atoms and molecules.
From the state of research so far, about nanotechnology is divided into three concepts. The first one, molecular nanotechnology, was proposed by Dr. Drexler, an American scientist, in 1986 in his book "The Machine of Creation". According to this concept, a machine for combining molecules can be made practical, so that all kinds of molecules can be combined at will and any kind of molecular structure can be created. This concept of nanotechnology has not made significant progress.
The second concept positions nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, it is the technology to artificially form nanometer-sized structures through nanometer-precision "processing". This nanoscale processing technology also makes the semiconductor miniaturization is about to reach the limit. Theoretically, even if the existing technology continues to develop, it will eventually reach its limit. This is because if the line width of the circuit is reduced, the insulating film that makes up the circuit will be extremely thin, and this will destroy the insulation effect. In addition, there are problems such as heat generation and wobbling. To solve these problems, researchers are working on new types of nanotechnology.
The third concept was developed from a biological point of view. Originally, organisms have nanoscale structures within cells and biofilms.
The so-called nanotechnology refers to a new technology to study the laws of motion and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0.1 to 100 nanometers. Scientists in the study of the composition of matter in the process, found in the nanometer scale isolated from a few, dozens of countable atoms or molecules, significant performance of many new features, and the use of these features to manufacture equipment with specific functions of the technology, known as nanotechnology.
Nanotechnology is a highly cross-cutting and comprehensive discipline, and the research involves a wide range of modern science and technology.
Nanotechnology now includes disciplines such as nanobiology, nanoelectronics, nanomaterials, nanomechanics, and nanochemistry. From the micron technology, including microelectronics, to nanotechnology, mankind is more and more in-depth to the microscopic world, people recognize, transform the level of the microscopic world to an unprecedented height. China's famous scientist Qian Xuesen has also pointed out that the structure of the nanometer around and below the nanometer is the next stage of scientific and technological development of a key point, will be a technological revolution, which will cause the 21st century another industrial revolution.
Although there is still a long distance to go before the application stage, due to the extremely broad application prospects nurtured by nanotechnology, developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom have attached great importance to nanotechnology, and have formulated research programs and conducted relevant research
Characteristics of nanoelectronic devices
. The performance of electronic devices made with nanotechnology is greatly superior to that of traditional electronic devices:
. The working speed of nanoelectronic devices is 1000 times faster than that of silicon devices, so the performance of products can be greatly improved. Low power consumption, the power consumption of nanoelectronic devices is only ...... >>
Question 2: What is nanotechnology? For a period of time, nanotechnology has frequently appeared in the media, about nanotechnology, nanomaterials, and the application of nanotechnology to manufacture products of superiority is also widely publicized. So, what is nanotechnology? This article introduces this knowledge for beginners.
. Nanometer, is a unit of length, the symbol for nm. 1 nanometer = 1 millimicron = 10 meters (both one billionth of a meter), about the length of 10 atoms. Assuming that the diameter of a hair is 0.05 millimeters, it is radially dissected into 50,000 roots, each of which is about 1 nanometer thick.
. 1, the meaning of nanotechnology
. The so-called nanotechnology, refers to the scale of 0.1 ~ 100 nanometers, the study of electrons, atoms and molecules within the laws of motion and characteristics of a new technology. Scientists stare at the study of the composition of matter in the process, found in the nanometer scale isolated a few, dozens of countable atoms or molecules, significantly show many new characteristics, and the use of these characteristics of the manufacture of equipment with specific functions of the technology, known as nanotechnology.
. The main difference between nanotechnology and microelectronics technology is: nanotechnology research is to control individual atoms, molecules to achieve specific functions of the device, is the use of the volatility of electrons to work; and microelectronics technology is mainly through the control of the electronic group to achieve its function, is the use of the particle nature of electrons to work. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire microcosm.
. Nanotechnology is a highly cross-cutting and comprehensive discipline, and the research involves a wide range of modern science and technology.In 1993, the International Nanotechnology Steering Committee divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines such as nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nanophysics and nanochemistry are the theoretical basis of nanotechnology, while nanoelectronics is the most important element of nanotechnology.
. 2, the characteristics of nanoelectronic devices
. The performance of electronic devices made with nanotechnology is greatly superior to that of traditional electronic devices:
. Fast working speed, nanoelectronic devices work 1000 times faster than silicon devices, which can greatly improve product performance. Low power consumption, nano-electronic devices, power consumption is only 1/1000 of the silicon device. information storage capacity, in a less than palm-sized 5-inch CD-ROM, at least 30 Beijing Library can be stored in all the collection of books. Small size, light weight, can make all kinds of electronic products volume and weight greatly reduced.
Question 3: What does nanoscale mean? Size size, usually produce significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of fine particles in the size of 0.1 microns or less (Note 1 m = 100 cm, 1 cm = 10,000 microns, 1 micron = 1,000 nanometers, 1 nanometer = 10 ?). That is, below 100 nanometers, so the definition: particles with a size of 1 to 100 nanometers are called ultrafine particulate materials, which are also a type of nanomaterials. Nano-metallic materials were successfully developed in the mid-1980s, and later successively introduced nano-semiconductor films, nano-ceramics, nano-porcelain materials, nano-biomedical materials and so on.
Question 4: What does nano mean Nano and nanotechnology are two different concepts and definitions.
Nano, just a unit of length, 1 micron is one thousandth of a millimeter, 1 nanometer is equal to one thousandth of a micron again, which is equivalent to one hundred thousandth of a hair strand, and does not have any technical properties. Therefore, simply a nanometer material without special structure and performance performance, can not be called nanotechnology. Such as cigarette ash powder or nano-powder in natural soil, although they can also reach the scale of one hundred nanometers, but because they do not have a special structure and technical performance, so these materials can not be called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, refers to the specific technical design, in the nanoparticles on the surface of the realization of the atomic / molecular arrangement of the composition, so that it produces a certain special structure, and the performance of specific technical performance or function, so that the nanomaterials can be called is nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials can be divided into two levels: nanoscale ultramicro particles and nanoscale solid materials. Nano-superfine particles are ultrafine particles with a particle size of 1-100nm, and nanosolids are solid materials made from nano-superfine particles. And people are accustomed to the composition or grain structure control in the length size of less than 100 nanometers called nanomaterials.
Application of nanomaterials
Current research
The continuous progress of the level of science and technology, especially in the electronics industry, a sunrise industry, nanotechnology has been a great development, mainly focusing on electronic composite films, the use of ultrafine particles to improve the electrical, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the film material, in addition to the magnetic recordings, nano-sensitive materials and so on. With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, and people's attention to environmental protection has been strengthened. Air quality and industrial wastewater treatment has become a symbol of the quality of life in the city. Nanomaterials, due to their unique surface adsorption properties, have great prospects for development in air purification and industrial wastewater treatment.
Nanomaterials are a new type of material developed in the mid-80s, which is 50 years more advanced than negative oxygen ions. Due to the unique structural state of nanoparticles (1-100nm), it gives rise to small size effect, quantum size effect, surface effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, etc., which makes nanomaterials exhibit special functions such as light, electricity, heat, magnetism, absorption, reflection, adsorption, catalysis, and biological activity. Nanomaterials have many unique functions, and the dosage is small, but it gives the material unexpected high performance and high added value. Nanocomposite polymer materials, nano antibacterial, preservation, deodorization materials, etc. Due to the small size of nanomaterials, more than a thousand times smaller than the red blood cells in the blood, dozens of times smaller than the bacteria, the gas diffusion through it is thousands of times faster than conventional materials. Nanoparticles have a strong chemical interaction with biological cell membranes and are extremely easy to get into cells.
Question 5: What is the U.S. nano-board U.S. nano-board is a density board, now a lot of merchants have changed the density board into a variety of names to deceive consumers, this thing is to do with plate furniture. If you choose furniture, it is recommended that you do not choose plate furniture, because the density board formaldehyde exceeds the standard is very serious, and the indoor temperature is slightly higher on the pungent smell of glue, do not listen to what the business said that there is an environmental protection certificate will not have a taste, those are deceiving consumers. My sister-in-law's home to buy the board furniture are 3 years and still smell it. Density board this thing is very cheap, so plate furniture is good bargain. There are also merchants are *** to use particle board to do furniture, but also called the beautiful name of solid wood particles. I dizzy, that thing is like a tofu slag project. You'd be sick to see the inside of it. It's all broken wood and weeds, and a pungent, disgusting flavor. Now want to buy furniture floor or buy solid wood better, although more expensive but with convulsive heart. At least solid wood things are natural, even if what wood is also natural things than those artificially processed things with peace of mind. My home furniture have changed 4 sets, the first 3 sets are board furniture and what board wood combination, regret dead, either not strong or pungent odor. Finally replaced a set of solid wood, but not mahogany kind of good wood. After all, it is not a big money, but with much better, no smell not to say, but also sturdy. What I said is my experience of replacing 4 sets of furniture, I hope to adopt.
Question 6: What does nano mean Nano and nanotechnology are two different concepts and definitions.
Nano, just a unit of length, 1 micron is one thousandth of a millimeter, 1 nanometer is in turn equal to one thousandth of a micron, which is equivalent to one hundred thousandth of a hair strand, and does not have any technical properties. Therefore, simply a nanometer material without special structure and performance performance, can not be called nanotechnology. Such as cigarette ash powder or nano-powder in natural soil, although they can also reach the scale of one hundred nanometers, but because they do not have a special structure and technical performance, so these materials can not be called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, refers to the specific technical design, in the nanoparticles on the surface of the realization of the atomic/molecular arrangement of the composition, so that it produces a certain special structure, and the performance of specific technical performance or function, so that the nanomaterials can be called is nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials can be divided into two levels: nanoscale ultramicro particles and nanoscale solid materials. Nano-superfine particles are ultrafine particles with a particle size of 1-100nm, and nanosolids are solid materials made from nano-superfine particles. And people are accustomed to the composition or grain structure control in the length size of less than 100 nanometers called nanomaterials.
Application of nanomaterials
Current research
The continuous progress of the level of science and technology, especially in the electronics industry, a sunrise industry, nanotechnology has been a great development, mainly focusing on electronic composite films, the use of ultrafine particles to improve the electrical, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the film material, in addition to the magnetic recordings, nano-sensitive materials and so on. With the increasing improvement of people's living standards, and people's attention to environmental protection has been strengthened. Air quality and industrial wastewater treatment has become a symbol of the quality of life in the city. Nanomaterials, due to their unique surface adsorption properties, have great prospects for development in air purification and industrial wastewater treatment.
Nanomaterials are a new type of material developed in the mid-80s, which is 50 years more advanced than negative oxygen ions. Due to the unique structural state of nanoparticles (1-100nm), it gives rise to small size effect, quantum size effect, surface effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, etc., which makes nanomaterials exhibit special functions such as light, electricity, heat, magnetism, absorption, reflection, adsorption, catalysis, and biological activity. Nanomaterials have many unique functions, and the dosage is small, but it gives the material unexpected high performance and high added value. Nanocomposite polymer materials, nano antibacterial, preservation, deodorization materials, etc. Due to the small size of nanomaterials, more than a thousand times smaller than the red blood cells in the blood, dozens of times smaller than the bacteria, the gas diffusion through it is thousands of times faster than conventional materials. Nanoparticles have a strong chemical interaction with biological cell membranes and are extremely easy to get into cells.
Question 7: What is the nanotextile material. The so-called nanometer is actually a very dense thing. As for the nano-cloth is actually cloth, just a little denser, may be warmer, healthier, and nothing else is the same as the end of the cloth, so the normal wash can be,
Question 8: What is nano? The use of nanometer Nanotechnology is a high-tech, it has an important impact on the 21st century materials science and the development of micro-line device technology. In order to understand the development of nanotechnology, the reporter visited the University of Oxford, the British Department of Materials nanomaterials experts Paul? Dr. Paul Warren.
Warren said, nanotechnology is currently the world are talking about the hot topic. The so-called nanotechnology, refers to thousands of molecules or atoms to create new materials or micro-devices of science and technology. Nanotechnology involves a wide range of nanomaterials is only a part of it, but it is the basis for the development of nanotechnology. The Department of Materials at the University of Oxford is currently researching more than 40 nanotechnology projects, the main ones of which are ultrafine films, carbon nanotubes, nanoceramics, metal nanocrystals, and quantum dot wires.
Ultrafine films are usually only 1 nanometer - 5 nanometers thick, and will even be made 1 molecule or 1 atom thick. Ultrafine films can be organic or inorganic and have a wide range of uses. Such as precipitation in the semiconductor on the nanometer monolayer, can be used to make solar cells, the development of new clean energy is important; will be several layers of thin film precipitation in different materials, can form a special magnetic properties of the multilayer film, is the manufacture of high-density disks of the basic materials. Carbon nanotubes are a kind of miniature tubes with a diameter of only a few nanometers formed by the processing of carbon 60 molecules, which is one of the focuses of nanomaterials research. Compared with other materials, carbon nanotubes have special mechanical, electronic and chemical properties, and can be made into high-strength fibers with the characteristics of conductors, semiconductors or insulators, which have a wide range of application prospects in the fields of sensors, lithium-ion batteries, field emission displays, and reinforced composites, and are thus widely valued by the industry. At present, carbon nanotubes are still in the research stage, but many research results have shown good application prospects. Ceramic materials are usually characterized by hardness and fragility, but the nano-ceramic materials pressed by nano-superfine particles have good toughness, and some of them can be bent drastically without breaking, showing metal-like flexibility and processability.
Nanotechnology has a wide range of application prospects in modern science and technology and industrial fields. For example, in the field of information technology, it is estimated that another 10 years or so, now commonly used data processing and storage technology will reach the ultimate limit. In order to obtain more powerful information processing capabilities, people are developing DNA computers and quantum computers, and the manufacture of both types of computers require the technical ability to control individual molecules and atoms.
Sensors are an important area of nanotechnology application. With the progress of nanotechnology, lower cost, more powerful micro-sensors will be widely used in all aspects of social life. For example, the miniature sensors installed in the box, can be through the global positioning system, the transport of valuable goods can be tracked and supervised; will be installed in the miniature sensors in the car tires, intelligent tires can be manufactured, the tires will tell the driver when the tires need to be replaced or inflatable; there are also some can withstand harsh environments of the miniature sensors can be placed in the engine cylinder, the engine's work performance to monitor. In the food industry, this miniature sensor can be used to monitor whether the food is spoiled, such as installing it on the cap of a wine bottle to determine the status of the wine.
In the field of medical technology, nanotechnology also has a wide range of prospects for application. Such as nanotechnology-made micro-robot, it can be safe to enter the body of the health status of the test, if necessary, it can also be used directly for treatment; with nanotechnology-made chip laboratory can be tested on blood and viruses, a few minutes to get the test results; scientists can also use nanomaterials to develop a new type of drug delivery system, which is composed of a nanosphere containing drugs. This delivery system is composed of a kind of drug-containing nanospheres with a protective coating on the outside, which can circulate in the bloodstream without being attacked by the body's immune system, and if it is equipped with the ability to recognize cancer cells, it can deliver drugs directly to cancerous areas without causing damage to healthy tissue.
In addition to this, nanotechnology has a wide range of uses in fields such as industrial manufacturing, defense construction, environmental monitoring, optical devices, and planar display systems, which play an important role in the development of science and technology in the 21st century.
In order to have a more comprehensive impression of nanotechnology, Dr. Warren took the reporter to visit the nanomaterials laboratory. As the structure of nanomaterials is very small, it can not be seen by the naked eye under natural light, so it needs to be observed and operated with the help of a microscope. Walking into the lab, the first thing you see is an instrument called a nano-knife. Visit, researchers are using it in an electronic device material surface cutting sub-micron square-shaped holes in order to the device's material ...... >>
Question 9: What is is a nano-needle Nano-micro-needle
It's kind of like a little wafer cube covered with tiny needles that are densely thin enough to be unnoticeable, and pressing this little cube against the skin lets the drug get into the epidermis with little or no sensation to the person.
The inventor, Dr. Xu Bai, introduced the drug transdermal actually only need a very small hole can do, but at present they tend to use ordinary needles to the dermis below the delivery of drugs, both cause pain may also cause infection. Ordinary needle diameter of 300 microns, and nano-micro-needle tip diameter of only 80 microns, thinner than a hairline, thinner than the thickness of the epidermal layer, the injection, as long as the micro-needle covered with a small wafer to the skin, the micro-needle can penetrate the epidermal stratum corneum of the drugs play a barrier role, and subsequently, the patches sucked full of agents on the patches, the drug will slowly penetrate into the epidermis, dosing, continuous delivery of medications The drug is then slowly penetrated into the epidermis and administered in a quantitative and continuous manner. The reporter used such a micro-needle in the skin "press" a bit, there is no feeling, the naked eye can not see any changes in the skin, indeed, both painless and no bleeding.
In fact, in addition to reducing the patient's pain, nano-micro-needle intradermal drug delivery has the advantages of reducing toxic side effects, improve drug efficacy, accelerate drug absorption. Xu Bai, for example, they are currently developing a nanometer microneedle to replace the long-term use of insulin pumps to patients with medication, due to the surface of the skin at a constant rate of injection of insulin, which can stabilize the patient's blood glucose, in the event of a sudden decrease in blood glucose, you can immediately remove the patch, the drug stops entering the body, which is safer than the traditional one-time dosage of injections. In addition, this technology can also be used in the field of beauty, beauty women do not have to whiten, acne, wrinkles, etc. in the face of dense injections, just through the micro-needle and the patch can easily achieve the same effect.
Nano-micro-needle applications
Mainly used in the field of beauty, some hospitals also provide this medical service, but for the time being has not been included in the public health insurance coverage. Nano-micro-needle technology is a new drug delivery platform, a revolutionary invention in the biomedical world, and currently has six patents on this technology, and the production capacity has reached 500,000 pieces per year.
Question 10: What is a nanometer? How many nanometers does one meter equal? A nanometer (symbolized as nm) is a unit of length, originally called a millimicron, which is 10^-9 meters (one billionth of a meter), or 10^-6 millimeters (one millionth of a millimeter). Like centimeters, decimeters, and meters, it is a unit of measure for length. Equivalent to 4 times the size of an atom, it is smaller than the length of a single bacterium.
1,000,000,000 nanometers = 1 meter (m)
1,000,000 nanometers = 1 millimeter (mm)
1,000 nanometers = 1 micrometer (μm)