The main task of the application system of the manned spacecraft project is to carry out space-to-Earth observation, space science and technology experiments, said the person in charge of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The goal of the application system of China's manned spacecraft project (first phase) is to vigorously promote and develop China's space science and space application technology, make valuable contributions to national economic construction and social development, and at the same time lay the foundation for future space science and technology experiments with human participation.
The "Earth Observation Mission" is aimed at developing advanced space remote sensors in line with international standards and exploring scientific research on the Earth's systems, and has identified in-orbit experimental and application missions for medium-resolution imaging spectrometer instruments, multi-modal microwave remote sensors (including microwave altimeters, radiometers, and scatterometers), monitoring of the Earth's environment, and applied research on remote sensing. Experiment and application tasks. Earth environment monitoring includes solar constant monitoring, solar and Earth ultraviolet radiation monitoring and detection of the Earth's radiation balance. Remote sensor application research lays the foundation for the development of China's remote sensing application technology; it carries out applied research and application demonstration of imaging spectral technology and microwave remote sensing technology in the ocean, land and atmosphere.
"Space Science Research" arranges space life science, microgravity science (including space material science projects, microgravity fluid physics research projects), as well as space astronomy projects, space environment forecasting and monitoring tasks, with the goal of comprehensively improving the level of space science in China. The "Space Life Science and Biotechnology" has developed a variety of space experimental equipment to carry out research on space biological effects, space protein crystallization, space cell culture, space cell electrofusion, and separation and purification of space proteins and biological macromolecules, etc.; the "Space Materials Science Research" has developed multi-station crystal research projects, and the "Microgravity Fluid Physics Research" has developed multi-station crystal research projects. "To develop multi-station crystal growth furnaces and crystal growth observation devices, carry out research on binary and ternary semiconductor optoelectronic materials, transparent oxide crystals, metals and alloys, etc., as well as space growth, and study the dynamics of crystal growth in space; the research on "Space Environment Forecasting and Monitoring" can establish a space environment forecasting center and issue long-term and medium-term forecasts. The research on "space environment forecasting and monitoring" can establish a space environment forecasting center, issue long-term, medium-term and short-term space environment forecasts and warnings, and carry out effect prediction to ensure the safety of astronauts, manned spacecraft and space equipment. The spacewalk on Shenzhou VII required a higher level of assessment for astronauts. Since the pressure inside the space suit is lower than normal, it may cause the release of nitrogen from human tissues and the formation of air embolism in blood vessels, leading to decompression sickness and even endangering human lives. Therefore, after the astronauts put on the space suits, they must fully absorb oxygen in the airlock cabin. The astronauts assisting in the work return to the inner cabin (i.e., the orbital module), close the door of the inner cabin, and then the airlock cabin begins to relieve pressure to vacuum, which is in line with the vacuum outside the spacecraft, and at this time, the astronauts can go out of the cabin to move around. And when completing the extravehicular tasks back to the cabin, there is also a certain amount of depressurization of the space suit, and then inflate the airlock compartment.
"The astronauts' out-of-cabin activity is a high-difficulty, high-risk activity." Experts introduced, "Shenzhou VII" when the spacewalk requires astronauts must be on the ground to do adequate testing and training, the ground training is generally in a specific gravity of a certain requirement of the neutral pool. This pool is usually built in a large test room inside the spacecraft in the pool, the use of water buoyancy to simulate the phenomenon of weightlessness in space, and then the astronauts in the pool inside the cabin and outside the cabin operation training.
Experts say Shenzhou-7 will have several conditions necessary for astronauts to walk in space. First of all, will provide astronauts in the cabin outside the living and working environment and conditions, the most important of which is the extravehicular space suit, which has a micro-meteorite, vacuum insulation shielding, airtight, pressure, ventilation, temperature and other functions, space suit gloves are both sealed and flexible, helmets transparent sealing. Second, out of the cabin backpack has a control system and communication system, its control system is equipped with a jet device so that astronauts can take this to control the walking direction. It is reported that the space suit and backpack construction is complex, technically difficult, expensive, the United States produced a set of space suits for about 1.5 million dollars. The third is of course must have skilled technical operations, physical health, psychological stability of the astronauts.