How is China's big data industry developing? What are the opportunities and challenges for future development?
With the convergence and integration of information technology and human production and life, global data is characterized by explosive growth and massive agglomeration. Whether it is the state, enterprises or the public, are increasingly aware of the value of data. Therefore, in recent years, all over the world have set up a big data development bureau, enterprises have to promote data asset governance, big data radiation industry also from the traditional telecommunications, finance and gradually expand to industry, medical, education and so on. For a while, it seems as if every industry is talking about big data, and everyone is talking about big data. But there are also voices that big data ushered in the "seven-year itch", the face of big data boom also need some "cold thinking". China's big data development in the end how? The future of China's big data development and what opportunities and challenges?
One, China's big data industry has made remarkable progress
Over the past few years, the concept of big data has been y rooted in people's minds, "using data to speak" has become everyone's **** knowledge, data has become comparable to oil, gold, diamonds, strategic resources. Over the past five years, China's big data industry policy is becoming more and more perfect, technology, application and industry have made very obvious progress.
1, in terms of policy, China from the central to local big data policy system has been basically perfect, has entered the implementation stage. Since the word "big data" was written into the government work report in 2014, the policy environment for the development of big data in China has opened a new chapter. In the top-level design, the State Council's "Outline of Action for Promoting the Development of Big Data" has made an overall deployment of government data *** enjoyment and openness, industrial development and security. Documents such as the Interim Measures for the Management of Government Information Resources***Hanging and the Plan for the Development of the Big Data Industry (2016-2020) have also been issued. The report of the 19th National Congress puts forward "promoting the deep integration of big data and the real economy", and the "13th Five-Year Plan" puts forward "implementing the national big data strategy".
Departments such as health, agriculture, environmental protection, prosecution, and taxation have also introduced specific policies for the development of big data in their fields. By the beginning of 2019, all provincial-level administrative regions had issued big data-related development plans, more than a dozen provinces and municipalities had set up big data management bureaus, and the construction of eight national big data comprehensive pilot zones and 11 national engineering laboratories had been launched. It can be said that the policy system of big data has been basically built, and now have entered the stage of implementation and even evaluation and inspection.
2, in terms of technology, China's big data technology development belongs to the "global first echelon", but the domestic core technology capacity is seriously inadequate. China's unique large volume of application scenarios and multiple types of practice patterns, promoting the speed of technological innovation in the field of big data and the level of competence, in the international leading position. In terms of technological comprehensiveness, China's platform, management and application technologies have large landing cases and research;
In terms of application scale, China has completed the largest cluster open capacity test in the field of big data, reaching 10,000 nodes; in terms of efficiency capacity, China's big data products have also achieved good results in the top positions on the international competition platform for big data technological capacity; in intellectual property rights aspect, in 2018, China's patent disclosure in the field of big data accounted for about 40% of the world, ranking second in the world. However, most of China's big data technology is based on the secondary transformation of foreign open source products, and the core technical capacity needs to be strengthened. For example, at present, the proportion of self-research in the domestic mainstream big data platform technology is no more than 10%.
3, in terms of industry, China's big data industry for many years to maintain a steady and rapid growth, but faces the key transition to improve quality and efficiency. 2018, China's big data industry continues to continue the growth rate for many years, and continues to maintain a relatively high rate of growth.
According to Foresight Industry Research Institute released China's Big Data Industry Development Prospect and Investment Strategy Planning Analysis Report, statistics show that in 2015, the scale of China's big data industry has reached 280 billion yuan. As of 2017 China's big data industry scale grew to 470 billion yuan, year-on-year growth is 30.6%. Preliminary estimates of the scale of China's big data industry in 2018 reached about 540 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth of 15%. It is predicted that in 2020 the scale of China's big data industry will exceed one trillion yuan. However, the growth rate of the big data industry has declined due to a combination of factors such as the domestic and international environment and the development of emerging technologies. China's big data industry is also facing a critical transition period from high-speed development to high-quality development.
2015-2020 China's big data industry scale statistics and forecast
Data source: Prospective Industry Research Institute
4. In terms of application, the industry application of big data is more extensive, and is accelerating the penetration of all aspects of the economy and society. With the lowering of the threshold of big data tools and the continuous improvement of enterprise data awareness, more and more industries are beginning to taste the "sweetness" of big data. Whether it is from the number of new enterprises, the scale of financing or the application of heat, and big data combined with the close industry is from the traditional telecommunications industry, the financial industry to expand to the government, health care, industry, transportation and logistics, the energy industry, education and culture, etc., the industry application of the "off the virtual to the real" trend is obvious, and the integration of the real economy is more in-depth.
Second, China's big data industry five development challenges
While China's overall development of big data situation is good, but also faces a rare opportunity for development, but there are still some difficulties and problems.
1, involving the development of core technology industry is weak, failed to effectively enhance the competitiveness of China's core technology
The influence of core technology in the big data industry has a very high importance. As big data companies in the completion of product development, can be nearly zero cost unlimited replication, so have the core technology of the large enterprises, it is easy to transform the technical advantage will be the market advantage, that is, by virtue of the specific information products to win the massive number of users to obtain monopoly status. Currently, from the supply side of big data technology and products, although China has achieved a single point of breakthrough in local technology, but the systematic, platform-level core technology innovation in the field of big data is still rare. Big data processing tools are "stones from other mountains", most companies use foreign data collection, data processing, data analysis, data visualization technology, independent core technology breakthroughs are yet to come. In particular, the technical standards of open source products, China's influence still needs to be improved.
2, data silos and barriers reduce the efficiency of resource allocation in the big data industry
The development of the big data industry must realize the free flow of data and information and **** enjoyment, if the data is not open and **** enjoyment, data integration can not be achieved, and the value of the data will be greatly reduced. Whether it is government data, Internet data or other data, data owners are often reluctant to open up their circulation. Constrained by the construction of information infrastructure in the early stages, there are still many government data "data islands" and "data chimneys", the value of the data is difficult to play.
3, weak data security management increased the risk of the development of big data industry
Big data technology for economic and social development to bring innovation and vitality at the same time, but also make data security, personal information protection and even the big data platform security, etc. facing new threats and new risks. Massive multi-source data converge on the big data platform, and data from multiple users may be stored in the same data pool and used by different users, which will easily lead to the risk of data leakage. The results of mining and analyzing massive data (21.90
-5.19%, diagnostic shares) using big data technology may contain sensitive information related to the national economy and society, and it is necessary to strengthen the security management of the **** enjoyment and disclosure of the analysis results.
4, industrial monopoly and vicious competition phenomenon is frequent, "bad money expel good money" phenomenon is obvious
Because of the resource-based industry threshold is low, high profits, the emerging big data enterprises tend to first focus on access to data resources above. The birth of a large number of enterprises relying on the advantage of data resources for the big data industry has brought a low value-added monopoly economic model, so that enterprises relying on technical barriers to beat the mountain have to face the brutal market competition, slowing down the pace of technological research and development. At the same time, the problem of data monopolization has become more and more obvious. A small number of Internet giant enterprises have huge data, not only unfavorable to the development of the industry, and even the existence of a huge data aggregation hidden danger.
5, around the development of homogenization is serious, the prevalence of heavy storage light application phenomenon
Because of the lack of a unified classification of the big data industry statistical system and industrial operation monitoring means, around the positioning of the big data industry is similar to the homogenization of the competition intensified. The blind duplication of construction, but also may lead to big data industry surplus. At the same time, due to the limited degree of development of information technology in some areas, big data application scenarios are not rich enough, but also to the construction of data centers and other big data storage facilities as the key to the development of the big data industry, and the scale is huge, the goal is often to millions of units, the later can not be effectively utilized, it will cause a huge waste of resources.
Three, the next three years China's big data industry will show four major development characteristics
The next three years, is China's big data development and transformation of the important opportunity period. The development of big data itself is showing some trends. In my opinion, the next three years, the big data industry is likely to show the following characteristics:
1, big data new technology continues to develop rapidly
The future of big data technology will be along the tools platform cloud deployment, multi-business scenarios, unified processing, proprietary high-performance hardware adapted to breakthroughs in several areas. At present, the main application mode of big data technology tools for the application of enterprises in the self-built machine room independent deployment, there is a waste of resources, lack of elasticity, management complexity and other shortcomings, these shortcomings can be solved through the cloud computing technology based on cloud deployment solutions to help the rapid landing of the big data technology tools and applications; at the same time, the big data technology tools are mainly aimed at the analysis of the business scenarios, but with e-commerce and the The explosive development of smart terminals, money transfer, billing and other transactional business scenarios also need big data processing capabilities, so the future of multi-business scenarios unified processing technology will be fully developed; Finally, due to the development of GPU/TPU and other specialized hardware, this type of specialized hardware can help some of the breakthroughs in big data technology upgrades, so the adaptation of the new hardware has become the focus of the future research and development plans of many big data companies.
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2, data flow **** enjoy will usher in a key breakthrough
These years, to promote data open **** enjoy the policy initiatives have been strengthened, however, the effect of the expected gap. It can be said that the technical means will be the key to break through the bottleneck of data circulation *** enjoyment. In the next three years, with the performance improvement and threshold reduction of key technologies such as homomorphic encryption, differential privacy, zero-knowledge proof, and quantum ledger, and with the further close integration of tools such as blockchain, secure multi-party computing, etc. with the data circulation scenarios, the data *** enjoyment and circulation will be expected to take another big step forward.
3, data service compliance will become the focus of industry attention
In the past two years, with the promulgation and official implementation of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the importance of personal information protection has been raised to an unprecedented level. The provisions of GDPR on the rights of data subjects are meticulous, and its provisions on the "right to data portability" and "right to be forgotten" may bring certain references to China's data legislation. For China's enterprises, the importance of data service compliance has further increased, which will have a significant impact on the conduct of their business. The "Trusted Data Service" program being promoted by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) is also in line with this industry demand.
4, the importance of data asset management will be further enhanced
With the application of big data into the deep water, enterprises will pay more and more attention to the construction of the data asset management methodology system -- that is, from the architecture, standards, research and development, quality, security, analysis to the unity of the application, so as to realize the value of technology to the business of the transformation and realization. Transformation and realization of technology to business value. In the next three years, data asset management will remain a difficult and challenging task for enterprise data departments. Even leading technology-based enterprises are still exploring new methods on the subject of data asset management, such as the intelligent management system of the whole link, the contribution of data assets, the instrumentation and visualization of data baseline metrics and quality specifications.
Four, four major recommendations to address the challenges
Big data industry as an emerging industry of national strategic significance, in the early stages of development should not only give full play to the main role of the enterprise and the dominant role of the effective market, but also better play the role of the government's guidance.
1, to strengthen the core technology research and industrialization to promote
Independent R & D innovation is to improve the competitiveness of the big data industry's main engine. To completely change the current China's big data industry innovation ability is not strong, the key core technology of foreign dependence on this situation, we must seize the key areas, key links and core issues, find the focus and breakthroughs, increase the government financial resources to guide the support. To this end, it is recommended that the establishment of national financial special funds for key technology R & D and innovation in key areas of big data at the national level, to support the breakthrough of a number of key core technology R & D and innovation and application, to build a big data industry chain with the autonomy of core technology, to form an independent and controllable big data technology architecture, to improve the independent R & D and innovation capacity of key core technologies, and to effectively crack the bottlenecks restricting the development of the industry.
2. Improving big data security policies
It is necessary to carry out research on major issues of data governance, such as data rights, asset management, market regulation, and cross-border flow, to coordinate with relevant departments*** to promote the legalization of data governance, and to strengthen the protection of sensitive governmental data, corporate commercial secrets and personal data. At the same time, it will promote the improvement of the information security level protection system applicable to the big data environment, establish a data management and protection system that takes into account both security and development, and strengthen the construction of relevant mechanisms such as data security evaluation, security prevention and emergency response. In addition, it is also necessary to strengthen the security information*** enjoyment and dynamic perception capabilities in cyberspace, and improve the level of major risk identification and analysis.
3. Encourage local development of big data industry according to local conditions
Big data industry development should focus on differentiated development, the formation of differentiated industrial layout. Localities need to differentiate their development, and should focus on the development of big data to promote application innovation according to local conditions, on creating a perfect development environment, and let the market play a decisive role in the allocation of elements of big data development. Localities should combine the industrial foundation and advantageous characteristics, focus on the development of big data characteristic scene application, and promote the accelerated integration of big data and local important real economy industry.
4, to promote the industry to accelerate the construction of big data standards
Currently, there are numerous big data industry applications, the government should standardize the industry through the standardization of ways to regulate the industry, integrate resources, and promote all parties to reach a **** knowledge, to provide a cornerstone for the healthy development of the big data industry. In particular, by strengthening the rapid iteration, market recognition of the industry / group standards development work, to provide user enterprises with big data product selection guidance, to provide security for data security, to promote big data transactions and other emerging service model standardization and development, to promote China's big data industry process is of great significance.