First, the formation of empty nest families.
The emergence of empty nest families is the result of social development trend, the embodiment of social progress and the change of people's values. Specifically, the formation of empty-nest families mainly has the following reasons: First, the problems of the elderly themselves. Some old people are influenced by the old traditional ideas, which leads to the tension between father and son, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law, and it is difficult for families to get along and separate, forming many empty-nest families. The second reason is the child. On the one hand, young people work and study outside, forming many empty-nest families; On the other hand, some children are separated from their parents because of their weak concept of respecting the elderly and supporting the elderly, forming empty nest families and treating their elderly parents as a burden. The third is the impact of national economic development. With the development of national economy and the improvement of people's living standards and housing conditions, empty-nest families came into being under this background. They can have their own activity space and enjoy their old age quietly and leisurely.
Second, the problems faced by empty nesters.
Empty nesters are those who leave home because their children go out to work or for other reasons. They generally face the following three problems. First, in terms of economic supply, with the rapid increase of only-child families, society will face a situation in which a couple has to support four elderly people and two children. Most elderly people in cities have pensions, and the problem of economic support is not prominent. In the form of unresolved issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, providing life care for the elderly in rural areas, especially some elderly people with chronic diseases, requires expensive medical expenses to maintain their lives, which increases the burden on their children. Second, life care and medical care. On the one hand, with the increase of age, the physiological function of the elderly will inevitably decline gradually. On the other hand, China has not generally established a special medical care hospital for the elderly, some medical care hospitals are backward in equipment, and the technical level of nurses providing medical care for the elderly is low, which makes the medical care of empty nesters face problems. Third, spiritual comfort: Due to the disintegration of the traditional family,/empty nesters can't enjoy the happiness of the big family in the past, and they are prone to loneliness, depression and even suicide after leaving their children for a long time. In a word, empty nesters are a new vulnerable group under the social transformation in China, which should be paid attention to by individuals, families, communities and countries. Individuals and families, communities and governments should give full play to their abilities to solve the problems faced by empty nesters and provide a safe and harmonious social atmosphere for the elderly.
Third, countermeasures: building a diversified old-age security service system.
In order to solve the problems faced by empty nesters, it is urgent to establish a diversified old-age service system that is market-oriented, supported by government regulations and social security system, and gives full play to the leading role of the third sector. 1. Pay attention to the role of the market. The increase of 1. 1 empty nesters has given birth to the development of the elderly nanny market. We should conform to this trend, make full use of the power of the market to develop and expand, improve the level and types of old-age care with the help of market competition, and provide comprehensive and high-quality nursing services for empty nesters. For example, some institutions specially train domestic servants and hourly workers to provide life care, medical rehabilitation and psychological care for empty nesters, and solve the problems they face in life care, medical care and spiritual comfort. 1.2 attach importance to the role of commercial endowment insurance and strive to minimize the risks faced by empty nesters. Commercial endowment insurance takes human life or body as the insurance object. When the insured retires or the insurance period expires, the insurance company pays the pension according to the contract, providing some economic support for the empty nesters, so that they have enough economic ability to pay high medical and health care expenses and reduce the risk of survival. In addition, commercial insurance companies can provide long-term care insurance for the elderly. This is to ensure that empty nesters lose all or part of their physical functions due to old age, serious or chronic diseases, accidental disabilities and other reasons, and they cannot take care of themselves. They need long-term rehabilitation treatment and pay various fees before they can be established. 2. Give play to the role of the government to solve the problems faced by empty nesters. 2. 1 Establish and improve the legal system for providing for the aged, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of empty nesters. While carrying forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and strengthening the education of respecting, helping and supporting the elderly, we should effectively safeguard and guarantee the property protection and maintenance rights of the elderly, especially the empty nesters, and ensure that they have a living foundation through legal forms, so as to effectively solve the economic supply and life care problems of the empty nesters. 2.2 Establish and improve the social security system for empty nesters, and solve the problems of economic supply and life care. 2.2. 1 Accelerate the construction of urban and rural social assistance system and improve the basic living security system. First of all, the government should expand the scope of social assistance. The elderly, the disabled and the needy empty nesters will be brought into the scope of social assistance system to provide them with minimum living security and daily necessities to ensure full coverage. Secondly, the government should further increase the investment in urban and rural social security funds for empty nesters, so that both urban and rural areas have enough funds to strengthen the construction of nursing homes and nursing homes, so that the elderly and empty nesters with difficulties can be hospitalized for the elderly. 2.2.2 The government should actively improve the medical security system, effectively solve the problem that it is difficult and expensive for empty nesters to see a doctor, expand the coverage of social medical security, and improve their physical fitness. First of all, lower the threshold of medical assistance, fully implement the system of medical assistance for serious illness, greatly reduce the deductible line for serious illness, increase the proportion and amount of assistance, and strive to alleviate the problem of poor empty-nest elderly people's difficulty and expensive medical treatment, so that empty-nest elderly people can enjoy real benefits and convenience in medical treatment. Thirdly, establish safety and health records for the elderly, regularly visit the elderly for physical examination, on-site consultation, send medicines home, and establish family beds. 3. Give play to the role of the community in solving the problem of empty nesters. First of all, the community should actively participate in the establishment of a home-based care service system to achieve socialized care for the elderly. On the one hand, it provides free or cheap medical services for the poor, widowed, empty-nest families and the elderly over 80 years old. On the other hand, develop warm service. Community and home-based care service institutions should establish a/love phone 0 contact system with the elderly who need services, keep abreast of the information of the elderly, and keep abreast of their living and health conditions. Coordinate relevant restaurants and supermarkets in the jurisdiction to open love dining tables and love supermarkets to provide preferential and convenient services for the elderly at home; In addition, through colorful community activities, empty nesters can get rid of loneliness and enjoy spiritually. The community provides multi-level medical care for empty nesters, improving their risk of resisting diseases. First of all, we should provide them with first-class medical care, that is, preventive measures. Second, they should be provided with secondary medical care. In other words, the surgical patient or treatment patient who needs hospitalization is now the non-hospitalized patient of the day. Such as cholecystectomy, hysterectomy and appendectomy. Finally, tertiary care also plays an important role in helping empty nesters resist chronic, complex and long-term disease risks. Such as rehabilitation centers for nervous system diseases, home care for bedridden patients, and care for dying patients. 4. Social charities, professional social work institutions and other third departments play an important role in solving the problem of empty nesters. 4. 1 Give play to the role of charitable organizations. The government should cultivate social non-governmental organizations and charitable organizations, encourage social capital to enter the field of old-age services, give support and preferential treatment in planning, capital investment, land provision and taxation, and effectively promote the development of private old-age service institutions. Non-governmental organizations or charitable organizations provide transportation and companionship, canteens and legal services for empty nesters, and even provide elderly services such as housework, family health care, door-to-door delivery, regular visits, telephone confirmation and emergency call system for the frail elderly at home, so as to improve the socialization level of old-age care. 4.2 Give play to the role of professional institutions, especially social work institutions for the elderly. These professional institutions train professional social workers for empty nesters and provide some psychological care for them. For example, change the cognitive concept of empty nesters, guide them to abandon the old concept of "raising children to prevent old age", encourage them to get rid of their dependence on their children, adjust their own pace of life, and establish an independent lifestyle; Establish a positive and healthy attitude towards life, encourage them to enter universities for the elderly, cultivate hobbies, enrich their daily lives, encourage exchanges between neighbors, establish and help exchanges between the elderly, encourage those single empty nesters to introduce their marriages, find suitable wives, and establish new living rules and emotional support systems.