Skin contact: remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin thoroughly with soapy water and water.
Eye contact (powder): lift eyelids and flush with running water or saline. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation (powder): Remove from scene to fresh air. Keep airway open. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. Seek medical attention.
Ingested: Drink sufficient warm water and induce vomiting. Seek medical attention.
Respiratory protection: self-priming filtering dust masks must be worn when there is a possibility of exposure to its dust.
Eye protection (powder): wear safety glasses.
Body protection: Wear gas permeable gas resistant clothing.
Hand protection: wear anti-poison penetration gloves.
Other protection: Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited at the work site. After work, shower and change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene.
Leakage emergency treatment: isolate the leakage contaminated area, restrict access. Cut off the source of fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face mask) and anti-virus clothing. Do not directly contact the leak. Small amount of leakage: Avoid raising dust, collect in dry, clean, covered containers with clean shovels. Transfer for recycling. Large spills: Cover with plastic sheeting, canvas. Use non-sparking tools to transfer and recycle.
Harmful combustion products: Titanium oxide.
Fire extinguishing method: Use dry powder and dry sand to extinguish fire. Strictly prohibit water, foam, carbon dioxide extinguishing. High heat or intense combustion, water extinguishing may cause an explosion.
-Management Information Base
Management of operation: airtight operation, local exhaust. Operators must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. Operators are recommended to wear self-absorbing filtering dust masks, safety glasses, gas permeable anti-virus suits and anti-poison penetration gloves. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation system and equipment. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with oxidizers, acids, halogens. Operate disposal in argon gas. Handle with light load and unload to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with appropriate varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may retain hazardous materials.
Management of storage: For safety reasons, storage is often not less than 25% of water wetting, passivation. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Store at a temperature not exceeding 30℃ and a relative humidity not exceeding 80%. Keep the container sealed and strictly prohibit contact with air. It should be stored separately from oxidizers, acids, halogens, etc. Do not mix storage. Equipped with appropriate varieties and quantities of fire fighting equipment. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to shelter the leakage.
Transportation management: transportation vehicles should be equipped with the appropriate variety and number of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. The exhaust pipe of the vehicle transporting the product shall be equipped with a fire stopping device. During transportation, it should be ensured that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport with oxidizing agents, acids, halogens, edible chemicals and so on. During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to sun, rain and high temperature. It should be kept away from fire and heat source when stopping in the middle. Vehicles should be thoroughly cleaned after transportation. Railroad transportation should be prohibited slipping.
Management of disuse: Restore the original state of the material for reuse.
-Toxicology Library
Acute toxicity: titanium metal, titanium dioxide and titanium carbide belong to the low toxicity category. There is no specific reaction in the lungs after a single intratracheal injection of 20-50 mg of titanium dioxide in rats and 400 mg in rabbits.
Subacute and chronic toxicity: 6 and 12 months after intratracheal injection of titanium hydride in rats, only pulmonary fibrosis effects were seen. Inhalation of titanium dioxide dust in rats 4 times a day for 5 d per week for 13 months, 7 months after cessation of inhalation, showed no pathological reaction in the lungs; however, fibrotic effects and eosinophilic autoclonal infiltration were observed in guinea pigs with repeated inhalation of titanium dioxide. No pulmonary fibrosis occurred with intratracheal injection of titanium metal. Mild pulmonary fibrosis was observed in rats after a single intratracheal injection of titanium hydride, titanium carbide, titanium boride, and titanium monoazide. Mild fibrosis was also seen in rats inhaling titanium hydride for 16 months.
Metabolism: The average human diet contains about 300 μg of titanium per day, most of which is excreted in the feces and about 3% of which is absorbed into the bloodstream. The titanium that enters the body accumulates in the spleen, adrenal glands, rhabdomyolysis, lungs, skin and liver. Titanium absorbed into the body is mainly excreted in the urine. Normal human plasma titanium concentration of about 3μg/dl, urine titanium concentration of 10μg / L or so.
Toxicity mechanism: titanium metal, titanium oxide, titanium carbonide (titanium carbonide) and other insoluble titanium toxicity is low, oral absorption is small, and does not show toxic reactions. The implantation of titanium metal in the body has not seen pathological reactions. Inhalation of titanium insoluble compounds, no serious damage to the lungs, the fibrosis effect is very small. Long-term rearing of animals with titanium-containing drinking water has not been seen to have an effect on growth and development, and no tumors have been seen.
Carcinogenicity: rats injected intramuscularly with titanium metal powder dissolved in trioctylin caused an increase in fibrosarcoma and lymphosarcoma. Injecting organic titanium, fibrosarcoma appeared at the injection site, and hepatocellular tumors and malignant lymphomas of the spleen occurred. Titanium blocks are not carcinogenic, and no tumor cells appeared after two weeks of installing titanium artificial joints to patients.
Hazard of ignition and explosion: the product is flammable and irritating.
-Emergency Medical Depot
Main uses and exposure: Titanium is used in the manufacture of special steels, alloys, titanium ceramics and glass fibers. Titanium metal is also used in aircraft, missile manufacturing and atomic reactors. It is also used in the production of refractory materials, welding rods, construction materials and plastics. The above industries can be exposed to titanium metal, titanium dioxide dust and fumes. Titanium tetrachloride and its partial hydrolysis, but also often entrained chlorine and its oxides. In the process of mechanical treatment of titanium metal is also exposed to titanium oxide fume.
Invasive route: inhalation, ingestion.
Harm: Inhalation of the upper respiratory tract is irritating, causing coughing, chest tightness or pain. Workers who inhaled TiO2 dust for a long time did not have any changes in their lungs. In the production of titanium metal process, exposure to titanium tetrachloride and its hydrolysis products on the eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract has an irritating effect. Long-term effect can form chronic bronchitis.TiO2 has been used as skin protection agent for flash burns, no contact dermatitis, allergic reactions and percutaneous absorption.100 ℃ titanium chlorine nitride splash and inhalation of titanium dioxide and titanium chlorine nitride smoke caused by skin burns and scarring and pharyngeal, vocal folds, tracheal mucosal congestion, due to the formation of scarring caused by the laryngeal stenosis. Short-term exposure of eyes to titanium chloride nitride causes conjunctivitis and keratitis. In addition, titanium tetrachloride inhalation can cause diffuse endobronchial polyps.
Treatment principle: skin contact with titanium tetrachloride should be wiped off as soon as possible with soft paper or cloth, and then rinsed with water, to prevent titanium tetrachloride in contact with water to release a large amount of heat and hydrochloric acid, aggravating and expanding the scope of burns. Inhalation of titanium tetrachloride should be immediately nebulized inhalation of 5% sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize the hydrochloric acid produced by the hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride; oxygen inhalation, keep breathing into the smooth. Quiet rest, reduce oxygen consumption; early to give a sufficient amount of glucocorticoids, and antibiotics to prevent secondary infection and anti-bronchospasm drugs, expectorants symptomatic treatment. Close observation, prevention and treatment of pulmonary edema.
Preventive measures: exposure to titanium tetrachloride and its hydrolysis products of the work, should pay attention to the skin, mucous membranes and respiratory protection. Generate titanium and its compounds dust workplace, must also strengthen the dust control measures. A large number of tiny titanium dust can catch fire and explode, so titanium production, casting, processing should be well ventilated and dust-proof facilities, and there should be fire and explosion-proof equipment. Titanium tetrachloride production process should be as airtight as possible to prevent the fumes from escaping and "running, bubbling, dripping, leaking". Strengthen personal protection, titanium tetrachloride production equipment, cleaning, maintenance should be cut off the anti-virus face its, protective glasses. Wear acid-proof protective clothing and hats. Regular contact with titanium tetrachloride production workers to rest inspection, patients with chronic respiratory diseases can not engage in contact with titanium tetrachloride work.