What is bird flu?
The name bird flu may be a bit strange to the average person. It was first reported in Italy in 1878, because for quite some time it was known as fowl plague, and was confirmed as a filtering pathogen in 1901, and as a member of the influenza A virus only in 1955. It was later discovered that a similar disease called Newcastle Disease actually exists in poultry. The two are often confused.
In order to distinguish between the two, the former is now called avian influenza or true chicken plague, European chicken plague, and the latter is called Newcastle disease or pseudo chicken plague, Asian chicken plague. Therefore, avian influenza is an acute infectious disease of humans and animals caused by influenza A virus ****.
Based on the different pathogenicity, avian influenza viruses can be divided into three categories: highly pathogenic, low pathogenicity and non-pathogenic. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) as a Class A animal disease due to its rapid spread and great harm, and China classifies it as a Class I animal disease.
2. What is the relationship between avian influenza virus and influenza virus?
What we usually call influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease in humans caused by influenza A (A), B (B) and C (C) viruses. Types A and B, especially type A, can cause human influenza pandemics, and type C causes only scattered cases. Avian influenza is caused by influenza A viruses.
The influenza A virus has two surface antigens, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), and H and N can be further subdivided, H can be divided into H1 to H15, and N can be divided into N1 to N9. Different hemagglutinins and different neuraminidases make up influenza viruses with different antigens and pathogenicity, which are called influenza subtypes in professional terminology.
There are 145 subtypes of influenza A viruses, of which the main ones that can cause influenza in humans are H1 to H3, and H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2 have caused influenza pandemics on earth. Most of the other subtypes of the natural host for birds, pigs, horses and other animals, especially waterfowl, and all of the H1 ~ H15, N1 ~ N9 subtypes of antigen can be isolated from animals.
3. What factors determine whether influenza will be pandemic?
The most important characteristic of influenza viruses is antigenic variability, and this variability can cause changes in transmissibility. The A-type antigen is the most variable, and often undergoes small mutations called "antigenic drift". Influenza viruses vary in the degree of mutation and in the degree of pandemicity they cause. When influenza viruses undergo major mutations or subtype shifts, known as "antigenic shift," a worldwide influenza pandemic may result. In contrast, type B is less mutable and only causes localized outbreaks and epidemics; type C is more stable and only causes circulating cases. Therefore, influenza A virus is the focus of human research and prevention and control.
4. What is the resistance of avian influenza viruses?
Avian influenza viruses can remain viable for months to more than a year at low temperatures, in dryness, and in glycerol. In dry dust, the virus can survive for up to 14 days. At lower temperatures, the virus survives in contaminated feces for at least 3 months. In water, it survives for up to 4 days at 22°C and more than 30 days at 0°C. In frozen poultry meat and bone marrow, it can survive for up to 10 months. The avian influenza virus is afraid of sunlight and heat, and is also sensitive to common disinfectants. It can be inactivated in 40-48 hours in direct sunlight. The virus can be killed by heating (60°C for 30 minutes, 100°C for 1 minute) or ordinary disinfectants (formalin, iodine complex, etc.).
5. Why is human avian influenza a new infectious disease?
Although avian influenza has been prevalent in animals such as birds for more than 100 years, there have been no previous reports of human infections.
In 1997, in Hong Kong, China, there were 18 human cases of avian influenza, of which six died. The virus strain of that outbreak of human avian influenza was the same as that of the avian influenza that occurred among poultry in Hong Kong at that time, both of which were of the H5N1 type, and this was the first recorded case of avian influenza infecting human beings. So avian flu is a newly discovered infectious disease for humans.
Transmission characteristics of avian influenza
6.
The infectious agents are animals and human beings that have pathogens in their bodies that survive, reproduce and can excrete the pathogens. The main infectious agents of avian influenza are sick and virulent birds, including waterfowl and birds of prey. Studies have shown that for highly pathogenic avian influenza, one gram of virus in contaminated feces can cause infection in one million birds. Humans cannot be considered a source of infection for avian influenza at this time.
7. What are the susceptible animals for avian influenza?
An animal that is susceptible to an infectious disease is called a susceptible animal. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails, pheasants, partridges, ostriches, pigeons, peacocks and many other birds are susceptible to avian influenza. The most sensitive ones are chickens and turkeys, while ducks, geese and other waterfowl are mostly latently infected. Mixing of waterfowl and dry fowl in the same farm can cause cross-infection, and the virus can easily spread among large-scale chicken or duck flocks. Wild and farmed waterfowl can be transmitted through the use of **** in the same body of water.
In addition to infecting birds, avian influenza can also infect pigs.
8. How does avian influenza spread between birds?
Avian influenza is mainly transmitted through contact with infected birds and their secretions and excretions, contaminated feed, water, egg trays (boxes), bedding, breeding eggs, chicken embryos and semen and other media, through the respiratory and digestive tracts, and can also be transmitted through airborne media.
In nature, birds are the most widespread carriers of the virus, so migratory birds, wild birds, waterfowl, which have a wide range of migratory surfaces, play an important role in the spread of the disease. Whether parasitic insects on the body surface of domestic fowl are also virulent and can be infected through bites is unknown.
9. How is the avian influenza virus transmitted to humans?
The avian influenza virus can be transmitted to humans through the digestive and respiratory tracts. It can also pass through the conjunctiva of the eyes and broken skin and cause infection if it comes into direct contact with items carrying a significant amount of the virus, such as feces, feathers, respiratory secretions, blood, etc. of poultry.
10. Who are the high-risk groups for avian influenza?
Veterinarians and people who have been engaged in raising, trafficking and slaughtering of animals such as chickens, ducks, geese and pigs for a long time.
11. Can avian influenza be transmitted from person to person?
At present, only cases of transmission from poultry to humans have been detected, and no cases of transmission between humans have been found. In other words, there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission yet. However, WHO warns that theoretically, human-to-human transmission could occur if the virus mutates.
12. How does bird flu spread locally?
Bird flu spreads easily from one farm to another. Bird droppings can contain large amounts of the virus, causing dust and soil contamination, which in turn causes bird-to-bird transmission through the air. Viruses are carried from one farm to another through contaminated instruments, transportation, feed, cages, clothing and especially shoes. Viruses can also be spread by being carried on the feet and bodies of animals (e.g. rodents). The trade of live birds in crowded, poorly sanitized markets is also a means of transmission. The ability of flies to transmit this virus has not been confirmed.
13. How is avian influenza spread over long distances?
Through international trade in live poultry, avian influenza can spread from one country to another. Migratory birds, including wild waterfowl, seabirds and shorebirds, can carry the virus over long distances. Mallard ducks, the most notable natural hosts of avian influenza viruses, are inherently resistant to viral infection and sometimes show only mild, non-fatal manifestations of the disease, but they can carry the virus over long distances and excrete it in their feces. Ducks, turkeys, geese, and other birds raised by people for commercial and domestic use can be fatally infected as a result. The risk of virus transmission is greatest with free-ranging domestic birds, using water sources with wild birds***, or using a water source that may be contaminated with feces from infected wild birds.
14. Can I get infected by eating cooked poultry meat and eggs?
The main way for humans to become infected with the avian influenza virus is through contact. When poultry meat is cooked thoroughly, the virus can be killed, and the possibility of transmission is small. No cases of infection due to eating poultry meat and eggs have been found. However, if diseased poultry is consumed without being cooked thoroughly, the virus may enter the human body. So if you eat poultry that is not quarantined or comes from an outbreak area, you can't rule out the risk of contracting the disease.
15. Can I get infected if I buy live chickens and eat them at home?
It's basically safe if it's a healthy live chicken, but it's dangerous if it's sick, and the WHO warns that people are equally at risk no matter what kind of sick chicken they come into contact with. A small number of infected poultry survive, but they will excrete virus-laden feces for at least 10 days. In addition, chickens' wings may harbor the bird flu virus, so a flap of the wings could cause the virus to be released.
16. Are down products spreading bird flu?
Down products usually go through several physical and chemical processes such as sterilization and high temperature, and the chance of spreading the virus should be small.
Clinical manifestations of avian influenza
17. How long is the incubation period of avian influenza?
The incubation period is the period between the invasion of the pathogen into the organism and the appearance of the first symptoms. The incubation period for avian influenza in poultry ranges from a few hours to a few days, up to 21 days. In humans, the incubation period for avian influenza is usually less than 7 days.
18. What are the signs of Avian Influenza in poultry?
There are two forms of morbidity in infected birds:
Low-pathogenic avian influenza causes only mild symptoms, sometimes only wrinkled and disheveled feathers and decreased egg production.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza birds can die suddenly and with a high mortality rate, with a sharp drop in feed and water consumption and egg production. Sick chickens are extremely depressed, with edema of the head and face, accompanied by cyanosis of the crown, hemorrhaging of the foot scales, and nervous disorders. Ducks, geese and other waterfowl have obvious nerve and diarrhea symptoms, and can develop corneal inflammation and even blindness.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) can be suspected once the above symptoms are found in poultry on farms.
19. What are the symptoms of avian influenza in humans?
The early symptoms of avian influenza in humans are very similar to those of severe influenza, including high fever, runny nose, nasal congestion, cough, sore throat, headache, general malaise, and nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and watery stools in some patients. Eye infections such as conjunctivitis can be seen in some patients, and the body temperature mostly stays above 39°C. Chest X-ray may show unilateral or bilateral pneumonia in some patients, with pleural effusion in a few. Some patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and other serious life-threatening syndromes. The mortality rate of avian influenza in humans is more than 30 percent.
Diagnosis and treatment of avian influenza
20. How is the laboratory diagnosis of avian influenza in poultry made?
When collecting samples from live birds, cloacal swabs and tracheal swabs can be used for sampling. When collecting samples from dead birds, tissues and organs such as trachea, spleen, lung, liver, kidney and brain should be collected. For small rare birds, fresh feces should be collected.
Laboratory tests include pathogenetic diagnosis and serologic tests. Pathogenetic tests include pathogen isolation, gene identification and virulence determination. Serological diagnosis mainly includes agar gel immunodiffusion test (not applicable to waterfowl), hemagglutination inhibition test (H1) and so on.
21. How to confirm the occurrence of avian influenza in poultry?
According to the Emergency Notice on Strengthening Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza issued by the Ministry of Agriculture on January 28, 2004, China confirms highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks according to the following procedures:
1) Upon receiving the report of an outbreak, the provincial animal husbandry and veterinary departments will send more than two avian influenza experts to the scene for clinical diagnosis, and those with obvious clinical symptoms can be suspected of a highly pathogenic avian influenza The outbreak can be suspected to be highly pathogenic avian influenza.
② suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak, the timely collection of specimens sent to the provincial laboratory for serological testing, the diagnosis is positive, can be identified as a suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
3 on suspected cases must be sent to send specimens to the National Avian Influenza Reference Laboratory for further identification, specimens may not be mailed.
4 The National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza will isolate and identify the pathogens of the diseased materials sent by provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, and report the conclusions to the Ministry of Agriculture.
22. What is the basis for the diagnosis of avian influenza in humans?
The principle of diagnosis of human avian influenza is based on epidemiology, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests, and other means of comprehensive analysis to be diagnosed. Referring to the "Diagnostic Criteria and Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Newly Discovered and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases" edited by Yu Enshu, the basis for diagnosis is as follows:
①Epidemiological history of avian influenza occurs before the occurrence of the disease, i.e., large numbers of birds in a certain poultry (chickens, ducks, geese, etc.) farms in a certain area show avian influenza-like symptoms and die; avian influenza epidemics or outbreaks occur in the vicinity or in neighboring areas.
②clinical manifestations of sudden onset of illness, fever (greater than 38 ℃), cough, sore throat, headache, dizziness, body aches, fatigue and other symptoms of toxicity, can be accompanied by a dry cough, runny nose, tears and other respiratory symptoms. A few cases have loss of appetite, accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, vomiting and other digestive symptoms.
3 laboratory tests from the patient's nasopharyngeal or tracheal secretions isolated to the influenza virus; the patient's serum anti-influenza virus antibody titer in the recovery period is more than 4 times higher than the acute phase; in the patient's respiratory epithelial cells found in the influenza virus particles specific protein components or specific nucleic acids; the collection of specimens by sensitive cells will be the virus to proliferate a generation after the influenza virus particles found in the protein specific or specific nucleic acids.
4 case classification China currently does not have a unified human avian influenza case classification standards, the State Ministry of Health is organizing the development.
23. Do birds need to be treated for avian influenza?
There is no reliable treatment for avian influenza. After birds are infected with avian influenza, the sick birds must be completely culled to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
24. How to treat human infection of avian influenza?
①General treatment is based on respiratory isolation for 1 week or until the disappearance of major symptoms. Patients need bed rest, drink plenty of water, appropriate nutrition, multivitamin supplementation, and keep the nasopharynx and mouth clean. Those with severe symptoms should be hospitalized. Antibiotics are used only when bacterial complications occur.
② Symptomatic treatment of high fever and headache, can be used to physical cooling or give antipyretic sedative, pediatrics prohibit aspirin. For high fever, vomiting should be given intravenous rehydration. For those with cough and sputum, cough suppressants and expectorants can be given.
③Take anti-influenza virus drugs amantadine and amantadine for the virus M2 protein inhibitor, effective for influenza A, its role is to block the virus adsorption in sensitive cells. Usually start using the drug within 48 hours of the onset of the disease, can make the virus to reduce the amount of discharge, shorten the time of detoxification, reduce clinical symptoms, one or two days can be fever, and can prevent the spread of infection to the lower respiratory tract, reduce the incidence of pneumonia. Zanamil (Za-nimivir) and Oseltamivir are neuraminidase inhibitors that fight influenza A and B viruses.
25. Can a person be cured of bird flu?
Most patients can be cured with timely treatment. The disease has a short course, quick recovery, and leaves no after-effects. A small number of patients, especially those who are older and too late for treatment, will have rapid progression of the disease, and the patients may die due to various complications such as progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, pleural effusion, pancytopenia, renal failure, sepsis, shock, and so on. Therefore, patients should seek prompt medical attention once the above symptoms appear. Once suspected of H5N1 virus infection, they should be hospitalized and isolated for treatment immediately and report the outbreak to prevent deterioration and spread of infection.
Responders: round moon bending - lifter five grade 12-8 09:01
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Avian Influenza
Chickens who died of avian influenza >>>
Avian influenza is the name of an avian influenza (Avian Influenza. AI), which stands for Avian Influenza, an infectious disease syndrome caused by a subtype of the influenza A virus, is classified by the OIE as a Category A infectious disease, and is also known as True Fowl Fever or European Fowl Fever.
Not only chickens, but also some other poultry and wild birds can be infected with avian influenza. According to the type of pathogen, avian influenza can be categorized into three main groups: highly pathogenic, low pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Non-pathogenic avian influenza does not cause visible symptoms, but only produces antibodies to the virus in infected birds. Low pathogenic avian influenza may cause mild respiratory symptoms, reduced food intake, decreased egg production and sporadic deaths in birds. Highly pathogenic avian influenza is the most serious, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and infected flocks are often "wiped out".
The earliest recorded case of avian influenza was in 1878, when a large number of chickens died in Italy in what was then called chicken plague. By 1955, scientists had identified the causative virus as the influenza A virus. The pandemic has since been renamed avian influenza. For the last five years, an outbreak of avian influenza was recorded in the Lombardy region of the United Kingdom from March to November 1999, and 13 million sick birds were culled in March of the following year. in October 2002, there was an outbreak of avian influenza in California of the United States of America, and in December of the same year, the outbreak spread to the states of Nevada and Arizona. By March 2003, more than 3.26 million chickens were destroyed in California alone; in April, avian influenza occurred in the Netherlands, with 80 human infections and fatal cases. Since December 2003, avian influenza has ravaged more than a dozen countries and regions in Asia, causing tens of millions of poultry to be slaughtered and destroyed, and dozens of deaths from the disease. For more than 100 years since the discovery of avian flu, human beings have not mastered effective preventive and curative methods, and have only been able to prevent the spread of the disease by means of disinfection, quarantine and mass slaughtering of poultry and livestock. Regions with outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza often suffer huge economic losses.
What are the common symptoms of bird flu?
Indonesian villagers burning infected chickens
South Korean health officials bury infected ducks
In general, bird flu viruses do not predispose humans to disease. Bird flu viruses are influenza A viruses, which are categorized into 15 subtypes ranging from H1 to H15 depending on their surface proteins. Avian influenza around the world is mainly caused by the highly pathogenic H5 and H7 subtypes, of which humans are susceptible to the H1 and H3 subtypes.
Microbiologically speaking, there are three reasons that prevent avian influenza viruses from attacking humans. First, human respiratory epithelial cells do not contain receptors specific for avian influenza viruses, meaning that avian influenza viruses are not readily recognized and bound to human cells; second, the genome of all influenza viruses that can circulate in a population must contain several human influenza virus gene fragments; and, third, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses contain a high number of basic amino acids, which makes replication in the human body more difficult.
Babies with bird flu symptoms are treated at
a hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam
But while there is no evidence that bird flu viruses directly cause human influenza outbreaks, evolutionary perspectives suggest that human influenza is related to influenza viruses that were originally transmitted in animals. It is likely that during the historical domestication of animals such as pigs and chickens by humans, some strains of swine flu and avian influenza viruses mutated and acquired pathogenicity to humans and the ability to spread among populations due to frequent human-animal contact, becoming human influenza viruses. There is a possibility of recurrence of such incidents and hence the medical research and surveillance authorities remain vigilant on the possibility of avian influenza striking humans. For individuals, they should focus on good health and maintain good immunity; and cook poultry products at high temperature and sufficiently before consumption to kill the virus. Up to now, there has never been any case of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus infecting human beings in the Mainland. China has established technical means for rapid detection of avian influenza, and the Ministry of Health strengthened surveillance of influenza outbreaks, including avian influenza, a few years ago, with many influenza viruses under surveillance.
References:
Respondent: wukun7050 - Wizard IV 12-8 08:59
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Mainland China:
January 23, 2004: H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza occurs in Longan, Guangxi
January 26, 2004: Suspected avian influenza appears in Wukan, Hubei, and Wugang, Hunan
January 30, 2004: Suspected found in Anhui, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Hubei, Hunan. Outbreak confirmed
January 31, 2004: Suspected avian influenza outbreaks in Ezhou City, Hubei Province and Chaoan County, Guangdong Province
February 1, 2004: One suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province, one suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Yichang City, Hubei Province, one suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Chenggong County, Yunnan Province, one suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Pingji County, Henan Province and one suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in each of the 12 Agricultural Divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.
February 3, 2004: avian influenza outbreak is confirmed in Chaoan, Guangdong Province; suspected avian influenza outbreaks occur in Anning District and Jingyuan County, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province; Yingzhou District and Jieshou City, Fuyang City, Anhui Province; Pingjiang County, Hunan Province; Xiangfan City, Hubei Province; and Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province.
February 4, 2004: Avian Influenza is diagnosed in Chenggong, Yunnan Province; a suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurs in Guandu District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province; and one in Gaolan County, Gansu Province.
February 5, 2004: Suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza was confirmed in Guangde County, Anhui Province, Yushan District, Maanshan City, Jieshou City, Yingzhou District, Fuyang City, and Guixi City, Jiangxi Province. One suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak each occurred in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, Luoding City, Guangdong Province and Haifeng County.
February 7, 2004: Suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza in Ezhou City, Hubei Province, and Pingchi County, Henan Province, was H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza. At the same time, an outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza was confirmed in Qingyunpu District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. One suspected HPAI outbreak occurred in Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province and one in Xigu District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province.
February 8, 2004: Suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of H5N1 subtype occurred in Xiangyang District, Xiangfan City, Hubei Province, Chang'an District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, Gaolan County, Gansu Province, Pingjiang County, Hunan Province, Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, and Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province. One suspected HPAI outbreak occurred in Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, Doumen District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, and Maogang District, Maoming City.
February 9, 2004: One suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreak each occurred in Jinnan District, Tianjin, Macheng City, Hubei, Anning City, Yunnan and Huayin City, Shaanxi.
February 10, 2004: Suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza confirmed in Dongxiang County, Jiangxi Province; Wujiagang District, Yichang City, Hubei Province; Guandu District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province; and the 12th Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Corps.
February 11, 2004: A suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak occurred in Honghu City, Public Security County, Songzi City, Yangxin County, Jianghu Lake, Shaodong County, Yiyang City, Heshan District, Hunan Province, and Jiangcheng District, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province.
February 12, 2004: A suspected outbreak of Avian Influenza occurred in Shaoguan, Guangdong.
February 13, 2004: Suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza of H5N1 subtype occurred in Shilin County, Yunnan Province and Xishan District, Kunming City, Guangdong Province; Luoding City and Jiedong County, Guangdong Province; Nanhui District, Shanghai Province; and Jinnan District, Tianjin Province.
February 14, 2004: Confirmation of avian influenza outbreaks in Jiangcheng District, Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province
February 15, 2004: One suspected avian influenza outbreak in each of Huanggang, Hubei Province and Songming, Yunnan Province
February 16, 2004: Suspected highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Mashang City, Hubei Province, Songzi City, Honghu City, Gong'an County, Yangxin County, Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province, Lhasa, Tibet Suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is H5N1 subtype HPAI. A suspected avian influenza outbreak occurred in Baicheng City, Jilin.
February 17, 2004: Suspected Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Shaodong County, Hunan Province and Heshan District, Yiyang City, Hunan Province was H5N1 subtype Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.
March 16, 2004: The Ministry of Agriculture announced on the morning of March 16 that it would lift the quarantine on the last two infected areas of avian influenza in mainland China, marking the end of the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic that has lasted for 49 days in mainland China.
Infection and prevention:
Xinhua Beijing, Feb. 3 (Xinhua Wang Yu, Dong Jun) According to the National Command Office for the Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), avian influenza viruses have poor ability to survive in the external environment, and as long as proper disinfection measures are taken by applying aldehydes, chlorine-containing disinfectants, phenols, oxidizers, alkalies and other disinfectants commonly used in the process of poultry raising, the viruses in the environment can all be kill.
The following disinfectants are more effective in disinfecting the environment:
Aldehyde disinfectants such as formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, etc., of which formaldehyde fumigation is the most commonly used. The closed poultry house can be fumigated by adding 14 ml to 42 ml of formalin per cubic meter of 7 grams to 21 grams of potassium permanganate. Fumigation disinfection, room temperature should not be less than 15 degrees Celsius, relative humidity should be 60% to 80%, can first be added to the container of potassium permanganate and then added formalin solution, closed doors and windows for more than 7 hours will be able to achieve the purpose of disinfection, and then open windows and doors to ventilate, eliminate the residual odor.
The disinfecting effect of chlorine disinfectant depends on the content of effective chlorine, the higher the content, the stronger the disinfecting ability, including inorganic chlorine disinfectant and organic chlorine disinfectant. The 5% bleach solution can be sprayed on animal enclosures, cages, feeding troughs and vehicles for disinfection. Hypochlorite kills quickly and without residue or odor, so it is commonly used to disinfect items such as equipment and work surfaces in food factories and meat plants.
Alkali preparations are mainly sodium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide preparation for disinfection is mostly crude lye containing 94% sodium hydroxide, often heated to form a 1% to 2% aqueous solution for disinfection of virus-contaminated chicken coops, walls, exercise yards and filth, etc., also used in slaughterhouses, food factories and other floors, as well as the disinfection of transport trucks and boats and other items. Spray 6 hours to 12 hours after rinsing with water.
Deputy director of the center Zhang Zhilun said that although avian flu is coming on strong, it is equivalent to influenza for humans and can still be prevented, of which it is especially crucial to pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands regularly and not touch feces.
Bird flu virus generally can not survive at 70 degrees Celsius or above, eating cooked poultry will not be infected with the virus. However, it should also be noted that eggs need to be cleaned before cooking, and then cooked, half-cooked eggs or eat less.
Because there is no corresponding vaccine, and the winter and spring seasons are the high incidence of acute respiratory diseases, the public to maintain a healthy lifestyle is very important to prevent disease. Citizens should strengthen physical exercise, rest, avoid overwork, do not smoke; found that the outbreak, should try to avoid contact with poultry, chicken and other food should be thoroughly cooked; to maintain indoor air circulation, as little as possible to go to the place where the air does not circulate; pay attention to personal hygiene, sneezing or coughing cover the nose and mouth.
In addition, the avian influenza virus on ether, chloroform, acetone and other organic solvents, heat and ultraviolet light are sensitive to 56 ℃ heating for 30 minutes, 60 ℃ heating for 10 minutes, 70 ℃ heating for a few minutes, direct sunlight for 40-48 hours as well as the use of commonly used disinfectant drugs can be inactivated by the virus.